《BS-ISO-18589-1-2005.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《BS-ISO-18589-1-2005.pdf(24页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、BS ISO 18589-1:2005 ICS 13.080.01; 17.240 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BRITISH STANDARD Measurement of radioactivity in the environment Soil Part 1: General guidelines and definitions Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 20/10/2008 09:44, Uncontroll
2、ed Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2008 BSI 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 63501 4 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication DateComments BS ISO 18589-1:2005 National foreword This British Standard is the UK im
3、plementation of ISO 18589-1:2005. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee NCE/2, Radiation protection and measurement. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include
4、all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 20/10/2008 09:44, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18589-1:2005 Reference nu
5、mber ISO 18589-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18589-1 First edition 2005-05-15 Measurement of radioactivity in the environment Soil Part 1: General guidelines and definitions Mesurage de la radioactivit dans lenvironnement Sol Partie 1: Lignes directrices gnrales et dfinitions License
6、d CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 20/10/2008 09:44, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18589-1:2005 ISO 18589-1:2005(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the t
7、ypefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adob
8、e Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unl
9、ikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2005 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including p
10、hotocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in
11、Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights reserved Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 20/10/2008 09:44, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18589-1:2005 ISO 18589-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Forewordiv Introduction v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references .2 3 Terms and defin
12、itions.2 3.1 General terms2 3.2 Terms relating to soils2 3.3 Terms relating to sampling3 4 Symbols .5 5 Origins of the radioactivity in soils.5 5.1 Natural radioactivity5 5.2 Other sources of radioactivity in soils6 6 Objectives of the study of soil radioactivity.6 7 Principles and requirements of t
13、he study of soil radioactivity7 7.1 Planning process Sampling strategy and plan .8 7.2 Sampling process .9 7.3 Laboratory process.9 7.4 General procedural requirements .11 7.5 Documentation11 Bibliography .12 Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 20/10/2008 09:44, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
14、BS ISO 18589-1:2005 ISO 18589-1:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO tech
15、nical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
16、 with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft I
17、nternational Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document
18、 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 18589-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, Subcommittee SC 2, Radiation protection. ISO 18589 consists of the following parts, under the general titl
19、e Measurement of radioactivity in the environment Soil: Part 1: General guidelines and definitions The following parts are under preparation: Part 2: Sampling strategy, sampling, and pre-treatment of samples Part 3: Measurements of gamma emitting radionuclides Part 4: Measurement of plutonium by alp
20、ha spectroscopy Part 5: Measurements of strontium 90 Part 6: Measurements of gross alpha and gross beta activities Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 20/10/2008 09:44, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18589-1:2005 ISO 18589-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved v Introduction This docum
21、ent was prepared following discussions during meetings of WG 17 in Tokyo 2000-05-8/10, Recife 2001-09-17/19, Paris 2002-01-15/16, Paris 2002-03-26/27, Ringhals 2002-05-27/29, Paris 2002-10-14/15, Paris 2003-03-03/04, Paris 2003-06-16/17 and Paris 2003-12-08/09. This part of ISO 18589 has been prepar
22、ed simultaneously with five other parts concerning the measurements of radioactivity in the soil environment, and is complementary to the latter documents. ISO 18589 Parts 1 to 6 are addressed to those responsible for determining the radioactivity present in soils. This International Standard is pub
23、lished in several parts to be used jointly or separately according to needs. Parts 1 and 2 are general in nature. Parts 3 to 5 deal with nuclide-specific measurements, Part 6 with non- specific measurements of gross alpha or gross beta activities. Further parts may be added to this International Sta
24、ndard in the future if the standardization of measurements of other radionuclides becomes necessary. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 20/10/2008 09:44, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18589-1:2005 Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 20/10/2008 09:44, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) B
25、SI BS ISO 18589-1:2005 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18589-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1 Measurement of radioactivity in the environment Soil Part 1: General guidelines and definitions 1 Scope This part of ISO 18589 specifies the general requirements to carry out radionuclides tests on soil
26、sample, including sampling. This part of ISO 18589 is addressed to people responsible for determining the radioactivity present in soils for the purpose of radiation protection. This may concern soils from gardens and farmland, urban or industrial sites, as well as soil not affected by human activit
27、ies. This part of ISO 18589 is applicable to all laboratories regardless of the number of personnel or the extent of the scope of testing activities. When a laboratory does not undertake one or more of the activities covered by this part of ISO 18589, such as planning, sampling or testing, the requi
28、rements of those clauses do not apply. This part of ISO 18589 is to be used in conjunction with other parts of ISO 18589 that outline the setting up of programmes and sampling techniques, methods of general processing of samples in the laboratory and also methods for measuring the radioactivity in s
29、oil. Its purpose is the following: define the main terms relating to soils, sampling, radioactivity and its measurement; describe the origins of the radioactivity in soils; define the main objectives of the study of radioactivity in soil samples; present the principles of studies of soil radioactivi
30、ty; identify the analytical and procedural requirements when measuring radioactivity in soil. This part of ISO 18589 is applicable if radionuclide measurements for the purpose of radiation protection are to be made in the following cases: initial characterization of radioactivity in the environment;
31、 routine surveillance of the impact of nuclear installations or of the evolution of the general territory; investigations of accident and incident situations; planning and surveillance of remedial action; decommissioning of installations or clearance of materials. This part of ISO 18589 is not inten
32、ded to cover scientific investigations of soil radioactivity and therefore does not apply to aspects of such measurements. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 20/10/2008 09:44, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18589-1:2005 ISO 18589-1:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved 2 Normative ref
33、erences The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 11074-1:1996, Soil quality Vocabulary
34、 Part 1: Terms and definitions relating to the protection and pollution of the soil ISO 11074-2:1998, Soil quality Vocabulary Part 2: Terms and definitions relating to sampling ISO 10381-1:2002, Soil quality Sampling Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes ISO 10381-2:2002, Soil qualit
35、y Sampling Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques ISO 10381-3:2001, Soil quality Sampling Part 3: Guidance on safety ISO 11464, Soil Quality Pretreatment of samples for physico-chemical analyses ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories GUM:1995,
36、 Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, first edition BIPM/IEC/IFCC/ ISO/IUPAC/IUPAP/OIML 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of all parts of ISO 18589, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11074 and the following apply. 3.1 General terms 3.1.1 routine surveillance surveillanc
37、e carried out periodically and designed to observe the potential changes of the soils radioactive characteristics 3.1.2 analysis for characterization set of observations that contribute, at a given time, to the characterization of the radioactive properties of a soil sample with a view to use them l
38、ater as reference data NOTE The test report may include other data characterizing the site studied. 3.1.3 vertical distribution of the radioactivity determination of the radioactivity in the layers of soil sampled at different depths which describe the vertical profile of the distribution by a radio
39、nuclide or a group of radionuclides 3.2 Terms relating to soils 3.2.1 soil upper layer of the Earths crust composed of mineral particles, organic matter, water, air and living organisms 3.2.2 herbaceous cover lower stratum of vegetation made up essentially of various herbaceous species found for exa
40、mple in meadows, lawns or fallow fields Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 20/10/2008 09:44, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18589-1:2005 ISO 18589-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3 3.2.3 soil horizon basic layer of soil, which is more or less parallel to the surface and is homog
41、eneous in appearance for most morphological characteristics (colour, texture, structure, etc.) NOTE The succession of soil horizons makes up a soil profile and allows, on the basis of certain analytical criteria, the morphogenetic nature of the soil to be defined. 3.3 Terms relating to sampling The
42、following definitions are adaptations of the definitions taken from ISO 11074 and ISO 10381. 3.3.1 sample portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material, collected and taken away for testing 3.3.2 sampling defined procedure whereby a part of the soil is taken for testing NOTE 1 In c
43、ertain cases, the sample might not be representative but is determined by availability. NOTE 2 Sampling procedures shall describe all the processes necessary to provide the laboratory with the samples required to reach the objectives of the study of the soil radioactivity. This will include the sele
44、ction, sampling plan, withdrawal and preparation of the samples from the soil. 3.3.3 sampling strategy set of technical principles that aim to resolve, depending on the objectives and site considered, the two main issues which are the sampling density and the spatial distribution of the sampling are
45、as NOTE The sampling strategy provides the set of technical options that will be required in the sampling plan. 3.3.4 sampling area area from which the different samples are collected NOTE A site can be divided into several sampling areas. 3.3.5 sampling plan precise protocol that, depending on the
46、application of the principles of the strategy adopted, defines the spatial and temporal dimensions of sampling, the frequency, the sample number, the quantities sampled, etc., and the human resources to be used for the sampling operation 3.3.6 random sampling collecting samples at random in space an
47、d time from the sampling area 3.3.7 systematic sampling collecting samples by some systematic method in space and time from the sampling area 3.3.8 random systematic sampling collecting samples at random from each sampling unit from a set of systematically defined sampling units Licensed CopyChinese
48、 University of Hong Kong, 20/10/2008 09:44, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18589-1:2005 ISO 18589-1:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3.3.9 sampling unit section of the sampling area whose limits can be physical or hypothetical NOTE Sampling units are obtained by dividing the sampling area i
49、nto grid box units according to the sampling pattern. 3.3.10 sampling pattern system of sampling locations based on the results of statistical procedures NOTE This leads to a set of predetermined sampling points designed to monitor one or more specified sites. The sampling area is divided into several sampling units or basic grid box units, which are usually square or rectangular (but circular or linear grid boxes are not excluded depending upon the characteristics of the
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-3746985.html