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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 18917:1999 ICS 37.
2、040.20; NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Photography Determination of residual thiosulfate and other related chemicals in processed photographic materials Methods using iodine-amylose, methylene blue and silver sulfide Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na,
3、 Sun Nov 26 12:59:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 April 2000 BSI 04-2000 ISBN
4、 0 580 32708 6 BS ISO 18917:1999 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 18917:1999 and implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS ISO 417:1993 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparatio
5、n was entrusted to Technical Committee CPW/42, Photography, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor rel
6、ated international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Ind
7、ex, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself conf
8、er immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 21 and a back cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI A Referenc
9、e number ISO 18917:1999(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18917 First edition 1999-06-01 Photography Determination of residual thiosulfate and other related chemicals in processed photographic materials Methods using iodine-amylose, methylene blue and silver sulfide Photographie Dtermination du thiosulf
10、ate rsiduel et dautres produits chimiques dans les produits photographiques traits Mthodes liode- amylose, au bleu de mthylne et au sulfure dargent Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 18917:1999(E) ii Contents 1 Scope1 2 Norm
11、ative references1 3 General requirements2 4 Iodine-amylose method.3 5 Methylene blue method.7 6 Silver densitometric method 11 Annex A (informative) Appraisal of keeping characteristics 16 Annex B (informative) Guidance in the selection of test method.17 Annex C (informative) Preparation for 0,2 mol
12、/l sodium hydroxide solution18 Annex D (informative) Preparation of 1,000 mol/l sodium thiosulfate solution19 Bibliography21 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 18917:1999(E) iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization f
13、or Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has th
14、e right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft In
15、ternational Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 18917 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, P
16、hotography. This first edition cancels and replaces the second edition of ISO 417 (ISO 417:1993) which has been technically revised. As in the second edition, it includes the iodine-amylose and methylene blue procedures, but the reactant levels have been modified to provide more reproducible results
17、. Annexes A, B, C and D of this International Standard are for information only. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 18917:1999(E) iv Introduction This International Standard is one of a series of specifications on photograph
18、ic processing. Individuals without a working knowledge of analytical chemistry may occasionally use this International Standard. Hazard warnings have therefore been given using a system of symbols with letter codes designating the nature of the hazard. More detailed information regarding hazards, ha
19、ndling and use of these chemicals may also be available from the manufacturer. Determination of residual thiosulfate and its decomposition products is of use in appraising the adequacy of washing and therefore the permanence of the silver image on photographic films, plates and papers. Inadequate wa
20、shing can cause a loss in image density and the formation of stain in low-density areas. These deleterious effects are accelerated by improper storage conditions. Determination of residual thiosulfate and related compounds, by itself, is not sufficient to insure the permanence of photographic record
21、s. Long term or archival storage requires proper attention to enclosure materials, storage environment, and the like. These considerations are specified in ISO 3897, ISO 5466, ISO 6051 and ISO 10602. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (
22、c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18917:1999(E) 1 Photography Determination of residual thiosulfate and other related chemicals in processed photographic materials Methods using iodine-amylose, methylene blue and silver sulfide 1 Scope 1.1 This International Standard specifies test methods for the d
23、etermination of residual thiosulfate and other related chemicals in processed photographic materials. 1.2 This International Standard applies to silver halide/gelatin products that have been processed with a final thiosulfate fixing bath and a water wash. This International Standard does not apply t
24、o stabilised black-and-white products, thermally processed films, or instant-type products. The procedures given in this International Standard measure residual thiosulfate, and the silver densitometric method measures residual related polythionate materials as well. Measurements carried out by the
25、procedures in this International Standard may, within the limitations stated in annexes A and B, correlate with the image stabilities of processed photographs. 1.3 Film or plates with photographic-sensitive layers on both sides, or with a photographic sensitive layer on one side and a gelatin backin
26、g layer on the reverse side, may contain approximately twice as much thiosulfate after processing as samples having a coating on one side only. This situation will be true for materials for which residual thiosulfate is determined by the iodine-amylose or methylene blue procedures. NOTE For the meth
27、od of reporting such results, see figure 1, example 2. 1.4 The iodine-amylose can be used with fibre-based paper, resin-coated paper, films and plates. It is the method to be used with films and papers containing incorporated developing agents. 1.5 The methylene blue method can be used with fibre-ba
28、sed paper, resin-coated paper, films and plates but not with films and paper containing incorporated developing agents. 1.6 The silver sulfide densitometric method measures thiosulfates, polythionates and all other residual chemicals in a processed product that react with silver ion to form a silver
29、 “stain“ under the conditions of the test. 1.7 A tabulated summary of methods, scope, etc. is given in annex B. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated reference
30、s, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated referen
31、ces, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 5-3:1995, Photography Density measurements Part 3: Spectral conditions. ISO 10349-1:1992, Photography Photographic-grade chemicals Test met
32、hods Part 1: General. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 18917:1999(E) 2 3 General requirements 3.1 Safety and hazard concerns 3.1.1 Handling Reagents shall be handled in conformity with health and safety precautions as show
33、n on containers or as given in other sources of such information. Proper labelling of prepared reagents includes chemical name, date of preparation, expiration date, restandardization date, name of preparer, and adequate health and safety precautions. The discharge of reagents shall conform to appli
34、cable environmental regulations. 3.1.2 Hazard warnings Some of the chemicals specified in the test procedures are caustic, toxic or otherwise hazardous. Safe laboratory practice for the handling of chemicals requires the use of safety glasses or goggles, rubber gloves and other protective apparel su
35、ch as face masks or aprons where appropriate. Specific danger notices are given in the text for particularly dangerous materials, but normal precautions are required during the performance of any chemical procedure at all times. The first time that a hazardous is noted in the test procedure, the haz
36、ard shall be indicated by the word “DANGER” followed by a symbol consisting of angle brackets “ “ containing a letter which designates the specific hazard. A double bracket “ “ shall be used for particularly perilous situations. In subsequent statements involving handling of these hazardous material
37、s, only the hazard symbol consisting of the brackets and letter(s) shall be displayed. Furthermore, for a given material, the hazard symbols shall be used only once in a single paragraph. Detailed warnings for handling chemicals and their diluted solutions are beyond the scope of this International
38、Standard. Employers shall provide training and health and safety information in conformance with legal requirements. The hazard symbol system used in this International Standard is intended to provide information to the users and is not meant for compliance with legal requirements for labelling, as
39、these vary from country to country. It is strongly recommended that anyone using these chemicals obtain from the manufacturer pertinent information about the hazards, handling, use and disposal of these chemicals. 3.1.3 Hazard information code system B Harmful if inhaled. Avoid breathing dust, vapou
40、r, mist or gas. Use only with adequate ventilation. C Harmful if contact occurs. Avoid contact with eyes, skin or clothing. Wash thoroughly after handling. S Harmful if swallowed. Wash thoroughly after handling. If swallowed, obtain medical attention immediately. S May be fatal if swallowed. If swal
41、lowed, obtain medical attention immediately. F Will burn. Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame. Use with adequate ventilation. O Oxidizer. Contact with other material may cause fire. Do not store near combustible materials. The flammable warning symbol, F, shall not be used for quantities of
42、common solvents under 1 litre. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 18917:1999(E) 3 3.2 Reagents Reagents used in the test procedures shall be certified reagent-grade chemicals and shall meet appropriate standards or be chemic
43、als of purity acceptable for the analysis. NOTE Further details are given in ISO 6353-1, ISO 6353-2 and ISO 6353-3 (see bibliography). Whenever water is specified without other qualifiers in the test procedures, only distilled water or water of at least equal purity shall be used. 3.3 Glassware All
44、glassware subject to heating shall be of heat-resistant borosilicate glass.1) Pipettes and other volumetric glassware shall meet the volume requirements of Class A or Class B glassware as specified in ISO 10349-1. 4 Iodine-amylose method 4.1 Use The iodine-amylose method is applicable to the determi
45、nation of residual thiosulfate ions in film and resin-coated photographic paper containing incorporated developing agents. The procedure covers the range from 0,002 g/cm2 to 0,40 g/cm2. The method is also applicable to measuring residual thiosulfate ion in fibre-based paper, film and plates. This me
46、thod measures only thiosulfate ions and gives results comparable to those obtained by the methylene blue method. The method gives results that correlate well with accelerated keeping tests of several processed microfilms and is applicable to colour as well as black-and-white products. 4.2 Principle
47、The eluent (4.4.4) is added to the sample to extract residual thiosulfate, tetrathionate and pentathionate ions. Formalin is added to form a complex with any sulfite ion present. Iodine is added to an amylose (fractionated linear potato starch) indicator to form a blue-coloured solution. The thiosul
48、fate in the eluent, when added to the iodine- amylose solution, will react with the iodine and proportionately reduce the intensity of the blue colour. The loss in colour corresponds to the thiosulfate concentration. 4.3 Chemical reactions a) Starch (C6H10O5)n + I2 (in KI solution) Blue-coloured sol
49、ution b) Blue-coloured solution + S O 23 2 Decrease in blue colour intensity 4.4 Reagents 4.4.1 Potassium iodate, c(KIO3) = 0,000 017 mol/l (0,003 57 g/l) Prepare a 0,0167 mol/l solution of potassium iodate by weighing 0,357 g of potassium iodate (DANGER:O) and placing it in a 100 ml one-mark volumetric flask, making up to the mark with water and mixing well. Pipette 1,0 ml of the 0,016 7 mol/l potassium iodate solution into a 1 litre one-mark volumetric flask, making up to the mark with water. 1) P
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