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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 846:1997 Plastics Evaluation of the action of microorganisms The European Standard EN ISO 846:1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 07.100.99; 83.080.01 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 15 12:50:28 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN
2、 ISO 846:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 September 1997 BSI 10-1999 ISBN 0 580 27880 8 National foreword This British Standard is
3、 the English language version of EN ISO 846:1997. It is identical with ISO 846:1997. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/21, Testing of plastics, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible internation
4、al/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secre
5、tary. Cross-references Attention is drawn to the fact that CEN and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which lists normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications. The British Standards which implement these international or European publicat
6、ions may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of B
7、ritish Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN ISO title page, page 2, the ISO title pa
8、ge, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 15 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffield
9、un sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 15 12:50:28 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 846:1997 BSI 10-1999i Contents Page National forewordInside front cover Foreword2 Forewordiii Text of ISO 8461 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 15 12:50:28 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Cop
10、y, (c) BSI ii blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 15 12:50:28 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 846 June 1997 ICS 07.100.01; 83.080.01 Descriptors: See ISO document English version Plastics Evaluation of the acti
11、on of microorganisms (ISO 846:1997) Plastiques Evaluation de laction des micro-organismes (ISO 846:1997) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-05-15. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standar
12、d the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. The European Standards exist in three official versions (English, French, Ger
13、man). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, F
14、inland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050
15、 Brussels 1997 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 846:1997 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 15 12:50:28 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 846:1997 BSI 10-1999 2 Foreword The tex
16、t of the International Standard ISO 846:1997 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics”, the secretariat of which is held by IBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publ
17、ication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 1997. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implem
18、ent this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard ISO 846:1997 was a
19、pproved by CEN as a European Standard without any modification. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 15 12:50:28 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 15 12:50:28 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 846:1997 ii BSI
20、 10-1999 Contents Page Forewordiii Introduction1 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3Definitions1 4Principle2 5Apparatus and materials3 6Test specimens5 7Preparation of specimens5 8Procedures5 9Assessment9 10Expression of results10 11Accuracy of the measurements11 12Test report11 13Bibliography12 Annex
21、A (normative) Determination of the water content and water-holding capacity of a soil13 Annex B (informative) Precision14 Annex C (informative) Information on test fungi15 Figure 1 Arrangement of test specimens in the soil in soil-burial tests (cross-section)9 Table 13 Table 23 Table 3 Summary of te
22、st methods6 Table 4 Assessment of fungal growth9 Table 5 Interpretation of results10 Descriptors: Plastics, plastics products, pest resistance, microorganisms, tests, pest resistance tests, physicochemical tests, estimation, deterioration, biodeterioration, specimen preparation. Licensed Copy: sheff
23、ieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 15 12:50:28 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 846:1997 BSI 10-1999iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Stan
24、dards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also t
25、ake part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Internationa
26、l Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 846 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 6, Ageing, chemical and environmental resistance. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO
27、 846:1978), which has been technically revised. The Plastics Project Group of the IBRG (International Biodeterioration Research Group) carried out several interlaboratory tests between 1984 and 1990, using the 1978 edition of this standard, with the aim of checking the reproducibility of the test re
28、sults. The experience gained from these tests has been incorporated in the present edition. In addition, a soil-burial test method has been included in subclause 8.5, based on a specification the Eidgenssische Materialprfungsanstalt in St. Gallen, Switzerland. Annex A forms an integral part of this
29、International Standard. Annex B and Annex C are for information only. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 15 12:50:28 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 15 12:50:28 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO
30、846:1997 BSI 10-19991 Introduction Under certain climatic and environmental conditions, microorganisms may settle on and colonize the surface of plastics or plastics products. Their presence and/or their metabolic products may not only damage the plastic itself, but may also affect the serviceabilit
31、y of building materials and systems containing plastic parts. The tests and test conditions specified in this International Standard are empirical and cover most- but not all- potential applications. For specific applications and for long-term tests, procedures should be agreed upon which reflect pe
32、rformance under actual conditions. The actions of microorganisms on plastics are influenced by two different processes: a) direct action: the deterioration of plastics which serve as a nutritive substance for the growth of the microorganisms; b) indirect action: the influence of metabolic products o
33、f the microorganisms, e.g. discolouration or further deterioration. This International Standard deals with both of these two processes, as well as their combined action. WARNING Handling and manipulation of microorganisms which are potentially hazardous requires a high degree of technical competence
34、 and may be subject to current national legislation and regulations. Only personnel trained in microbiological techniques should carry out such tests. Codes of practice for disinfection, sterilization and personal hygiene must be strictly observed. It is recommended that workers consult IEC 68-2-10:
35、1988, Appendix A “Danger to personnel”, and ISO 7218:1996, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs General rules for microbiological examinations. 1 Scope This International Standard specifies methods for determining the deterioration of plastics due to the action of fungi and bacteria and so
36、il microorganisms. The aim is not to determine the biodegradability of plastics. The type and extent of deterioration may be determined by a) visual examination and/or b) changes in mass and/or c) changes in other physical properties. The tests are applicable to all articles made of plastic that hav
37、e an even surface and that can thus be easily cleaned. The exceptions are porous materials, such as plastic foams. This International Standard uses the same test fungi as IEC 68-2-10. The IEC method, which uses so-called “assembled specimens”, calls for inoculation of the specimens with a spore susp
38、ension, incubation of the inoculated specimens and assessment of the fungal growth as well as any physical attack on the specimens. The volume of testing and the test strains used will depend on the application envisaged for the plastic. These parameters should therefore be agreed upon before the te
39、sts and should be stated in the test report. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revi
40、sion, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 291:, Plastics Standard
41、atmospheres for conditioning and testing1). IEC 68-2-10:1988, Basic environmental testing procedures Part 2: Tests Test J and guidance: Mould growth. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply: 3.1 biodeterioration a change in the chemical or physi
42、cal properties of a material due to the action of a microorganism 3.2 fungistatic effect the antimycotic effect of an antimicrobial treatment which prevents a given material from being overgrown by fungi under moist conditions 1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 291:1977) Licensed Copy: sheffieldun
43、 sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 15 12:50:28 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 846:1997 2 BSI 10-1999 3.3 biodegradation the term “biodegradation” is being discussed by TC 61/SC 5/WG 22, Biodegradability, and the official definition will be included here when it is available 4 Principle 4.1
44、 The test involves exposing test specimens of plastic to the action of selected test strains of fungi and bacteria (or, in the case of the soil-burial test, to microbially active soil) for specified or agreed periods of time under specified conditions of temperature and humidity. At the end of the e
45、xposure, the test specimens are assessed before and/or after cleaning by visual examination and/or any change in mass or other physical properties is determined. The results obtained with the specimens exposed to biological attack (batch I) are compared with those obtained from untreated specimens (
46、batch 0) or sterile specimens (batch S) kept under the same conditions. 4.2 Short descriptions of the test methods used to determine the resistance of plastics to fungi (method A) or the fungistatic effects (methods B and B), resistance to bacteria (method C) and resistance to soil microorganisms (m
47、ethod D) are given below. 4.2.1 Resistance to fungi 4.2.1.1 Method A: Fungal-growth test Test specimens are exposed to a mixed suspension of fungus spores in the presence of an incomplete nutritive medium (without a carbon source). The fungi can only grow at the expense of the material. If the speci
48、mens contain no nutritive component, the fungi cannot develop mycelia and there is no deterioration of the plastic. Method A is suitable for the assessment of the inherent resistance of plastics to fungal attack in the absence of other organic matter. It is recommended that, when method A is carried
49、 out, methods B and B are also carried out to assist in the interpretation of the results. 4.2.1.2 Methods B and B: Determination of fungistatic effects Test specimens are exposed to a mixed suspension of fungus spores in the presence of a complete medium, i.e. with a carbon source. Even if the plastic does not contain any nutritive elements, the fungi can grow over the specimens and their metabolic products can attack the material. Any inhibition of the growth either on the plastic or in the growth medium (zone of inhibition) shows
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