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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 3507:1999 Laboratory glassware Pyknometers ICS 17.060; 71.040.20 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:21:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 3507:1999 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for
2、 Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 August 1999 BSI 04-2000 ISBN 0 580 32971 2 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 3507:1999 and implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS 733-
3、1:1983 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee LBI/36, Laboratory glassware and related apparatus, to Subcommittee LBI/36/4, Density measuring instruments, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the r
4、esponsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained o
5、n request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facilit
6、y of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligatio
7、ns. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 11 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment
8、 table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:21:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 3507:1999 BSI 04-2000i Contents Page National forewordInside front cover Forewordiii Text of IS
9、O 35071 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:21:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:21:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:21:45 GMT+0
10、0:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 3507:1999 ii BSI 04-2000 Contents Page Forewordiii 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3Basis of adjustment1 3.1Unit of volume1 3.2Reference temperature1 4Types and series of sizes1 5Capacities of pyknometers1 5.1Actual capacity1 5.2Nominal capacity1 6Differen
11、ce between actual capacity, nominal capacity and accuracy2 7Construction2 7.1Material2 7.2Mass2 7.3Dimensions2 7.4Shape2 7.5Necks3 7.6Stoppers and thermometer3 8Graduation lines3 8.1General3 8.2Type 14 8.2.1 Position of scale4 8.2.2 Length of graduation lines4 8.2.3 Figuring of graduation lines4 8.3
12、Type 24 8.4Type 44 9Marking4 10Visibility of graduation lines, figures and markings4 Annex A (informative) Device for adjusting the liquid level in a Reischauer-type pyknometer11 Figure 1 Type 1 (Lipkin) pyknometer tube7 Figure 2 Type 2 (Sprengel) pyknometer tube8 Figure 3 Type 3 (Gay-Lussac) pyknom
13、eter flask9 Figure 4 Type 4 (Reischauer) pyknometer flask9 Figure 5 Type 5 (Hubbard) pyknometer flask10 Figure 6 Pyknometer flask with ground-in thermometer and capillary side tube10 Figure A.1 Draw-off needle11 Figure A.2 Filling needle11 Table 1 Types and sizes of pyknometers1 Table 2 Dimensional
14、requirements for pyknometer tubes types 1 and 25 Table 3 Dimensional requirements for pyknometer flasks types 4 and 55 Table 4 Dimensional requirements for pyknometer flasks types 3 and 66 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:21:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS I
15、SO 3507:1999 BSI 04-2000iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body intereste
16、d in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Com
17、mission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. International Standard ISO 3507 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 48, Laboratory glassware and related apparatus, Subco
18、mmittee SC 4, Density measuring instruments. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3507:1976) by incorporating the following changes: a) the title has been modified; b) Gay-Lussac pyknometers of 1 ml, 2 ml, 5 ml and 100 ml have been added; c) Reischauer pyknometers of 10 ml
19、 and 100 ml have been added; d) a Hubbard pyknometer of 50 ml has been added; e) pyknometers with ground-in thermometer and capillary side tube have been added. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:21:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffiel
20、dun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:21:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 3507:1999 BSI 04-20001 1 Scope This International Standard specifies requirements for a series of pyknometers for general laboratory use for the determination of the densities of liquids. Specialized pyknomete
21、rs for use with particular products, or otherwise not in common use, are excluded. Sufficient details to define such pyknometers should be included in International Standards which specify or describe their use. A device suitable for adjustment of the liquid level in the neck of the Reischauer pykno
22、meter is shown in Annex A. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply.
23、 However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO
24、 and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 383, Laboratory glassware Interchangeable conical ground joints. ISO 384:1978, Laboratory glassware Principles of design and construction of volumetric glassware. ISO 386, Liquid-in-glass laboratory thermometers Principles o
25、f design, construction and use. ISO 719, Glass Hydrolytic resistance of glass grains at 98 C Method of test and classification. ISO 3585, Borosilicate glass 3.3 Properties. 3 Basis of adjustment 3.1 Unit of volume The unit of volume shall be the millilitre (ml), which is equivalent to the cubic cent
26、imetre (cm3). NOTEThe term millilitre (ml) is commonly used as a special name for the cubic centimetre (cm3), in accordance with a decision of the Twelfth Confrence Gnrale des Poids et Mesures. The term millilitre is acceptable, in general, for references in International Standards to capacities of
27、volumetric glassware and it is used in this International Standard. 3.2 Reference temperature If the actual capacity is marked on a pyknometer, the verification temperature at which this actual capacity is determined shall also be marked. Under normal circumstances the standard reference temperature
28、 shall be 20 C. When it is necessary in tropical countries to work at an ambient temperature considerably above 20 C, and these countries do not wish to use the standard reference temperature of 20 C, a temperature of 27 C is recommended. 4 Types and series of sizes Two types of pyknometer tube and
29、four types of pyknometer flask are specified, as listed in Table 1 and illustrated in Figure 1 to Figure 6. Types 1 and 2, of tubular form, are for suspension; types 3, 4, 5 and 6, of flask form, are free-standing on flat bases. Types 1, 3 and 4, and type 2 if provided with caps, shall be used for v
30、olatile liquids. Type 5 shall be used for very viscous materials. The series of sizes for each type of pyknometer shall be as shown in Table 1. Table 1 Types and sizes of pyknometers 5 Capacities of pyknometers 5.1 Actual capacity The actual capacity is the volume, in millilitres, of water at the re
31、ference temperature contained by the pyknometer, which is also at that temperature. The volume, according to type, is defined as follows. Type 1: Between zero lines of the two scales; Type 2: From tip of jet to graduation line; Type 3 and 5: To top of bore of stopper; Type 4: To zero line of scale;
32、Type 6: To top of capillary side tube. The recommended reference temperature is 20 C but other appropriate temperatures may be selected in accordance with 3.2. 5.2 Nominal capacity The nominal capacity is the actual capacity rounded to the nearest appropriate value given in Table 1. TypeDesignation
33、Nominal capacities ml 1Lipkin12510 2Sprengel51025 3Gay-Lussac12510 25 50 100 4Reischauer102550 100 5Hubbard2550 6Ground-in thermometer102550100 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:21:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 3507:1999 2 BSI 04-2000 6 Difference betwe
34、en actual capacity, nominal capacity and accuracy The difference between the actual capacity and the nominal capacity of a pyknometer shall not exceed the appropriate maximum value shown in Table 2, Table 3 or Table 4. The actual capacity of a pyknometer shall be determined at the 95 % confidence le
35、vel (k = 2) with an uncertainty of measurement which does not exceed the following values: 7 Construction 7.1 Material Pyknometers shall be made from glass of hydrolytic class not lower than HGB3 according to ISO 719, with a coefficient of thermal expansion not exceeding 3,3 106C1. NOTEThis includes
36、 borosilicate glass 3.3 according to ISO 3585. Pyknometers shall be as free as possible from visible defects and reasonably free from internal strain. Stoppers or taps shall be made from glass having similar thermal properties to that used for the pyknometers to which they are fitted. 7.2 Mass The m
37、ass of a pyknometer shall not exceed the appropriate maximum value shown in Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4. 7.3 Dimensions Pyknometers shall comply with the appropriate toleranced dimensional requirements shown in Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4. The additional dimensions which are specified by nominal v
38、alues without tolerances are for the guidance of manufacturers. 7.4 Shape 7.4.1 The shapes of the six types of pyknometer shall be generally as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 6 and shall comply with the detailed requirements given in 7.4.2 to 7.4.8. All tapered portions of pyknometers shall be smoothly
39、 formed so as to avoid sharp shoulders which could entrap air bubbles. 7.4.2 Pyknometers of type 1 shall have an oval bulb, as illustrated in Figure 1, which merges gradually into the tubes at each end. The left arm of the pyknometer shall be bent as shown in Figure 1, the distance from the end to t
40、he outside of the bend being (20 2) mm and the included angle being 50 to 55. The two ends of the pyknometer shall be finished square with the axis of the tubes and smoothly fire-polished without constriction. 7.4.3 Pyknometers of type 2 shall have a cylindrical bulb with tapered ends which merge gr
41、adually into the adjoining tubes. The two arms shall be bent at an angle of approximately 75 to the vertical and shall lie in the same plane as the U-portion of the pyknometer. One arm shall be drawn down to a smooth tapered jet, the end of which shall have a bore of approximately 0,5 mm and shall b
42、e ground smooth at right angles to the axis of the tube and slightly bevelled on the outside. The end of the other arm of the pyknometer shall be finished square with the axis of the tube and smoothly firepolished without constriction. 7.4.4 Pyknometers of type 2 that are fitted with ground-on caps
43、at the ends of the side arms shall comply with the following additional requirements. a) The ground zones of the joints shall be such that the two caps are interchangeable, and the joints comply with the requirements for size 5/9 of ISO 383. b) The cones of the joints shall be formed with a minimum
44、distortion of the bore of the tube, and such distortion shall be smoothly tapered. The tip of the jet shall project beyond the small end of the ground zone and c) The caps shall be smoothly ground to a good fit on the cones and shall be of sufficient size to clear the tip of the jet. 7.4.5 Pyknomete
45、rs of types 3, 4, 5 and 6 shall stand vertically without rocking or spinning when placed on a level surface. They shall not topple when placed empty, with the stopper inserted, on a surface inclined at an angle of 15 to the horizontal. 7.4.6 Pyknometers of types 3, 4 and 6 shall have a body shape si
46、milar to that shown in Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 6, in which the plane of maximum diameter is at approximately one-third of the distance from the base to the bottom of the neck. Type 1Lipkin 5 4l Type 2Sprengel 5 4l Type 3Gay-Lussac 10 4l Type 4Reischauer 5 4l Type 5Hubbard 50 4l Type 6Ground-in
47、 thermometer 15 4l Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:21:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 3507:1999 BSI 04-20003 7.4.7 Pyknometers of type 5 shall have a body shape as shown in Figure 5, in which the upper end of the conical portion merges smoothly with the
48、 neck without a sharp shoulder. The radius of curvature between the lower end of the conical portion and the base shall not be less than 5 mm. 7.4.8 Pyknometers of type 6 shall have a capillary side tube smoothly fitted to the body at an angle of approximately 90. The upper part of the capillary sid
49、e tube shall be positioned parallel to the vertical axis of the pyknometer body. The outer diameter of the capillary side tube shall be approximately 6 mm and the upper end shall be ground to a flat surface of approximately 6 mm. 7.5 Necks 7.5.1 For types 3 and 5, the top of the neck of the flask shall be reconstructed so that there is no channel in which liquid can lodge between the stopper and the neck of the bottle. The outer edge of the top of the neck shall be slightly bevelled. The ground zon
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