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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 18920:2000 ICS 37.
2、040.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Imaging materials Processed photographic reflection prints Storage practices Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been pre
3、pared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 September 2000 BSI 09-2000 ISBN 0 580 36491 7 BS ISO 18920:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments National
4、 foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 18920:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS ISO 6051:1997 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CPW/42, Photography, which has the responsibility to: aid
5、enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizatio
6、ns represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence I
7、ndex, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself co
8、nfer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to vi, pages 1 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issu
9、ed. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 18920:2000(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18920 First edition 2000-07-15 Imaging materials Processed photographic reflection prints Storage practices Matriaux pour image
10、 Tirages photographiques traits par rflexion Directives pour larchivage Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 18920:2000(E) ii Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (
11、c) BSI ISO 18920:2000(E) iii Contents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references2 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Enclosures and containers.3 5 Storage housings.4 6 Storage rooms4 7 Environmental conditions.5 8 Fire-protective storage (see annex H)7 9 Print identification, handlin
12、g, and inspection (see annexes E, F and I)8 Annex A (informative) Numbering system for related International Standards9 Annex B (informative) Humidity during storage 10 Annex C (informative) Temperature during storage11 Annex D (informative) Temperature/relative humidity relationship.12 Annex E (inf
13、ormative) Historic records for photographic prints13 Annex F (informative) Distinction between storage (record) copies and work (reference) copies14 Annex G (informative) Air-entrained and gaseous impurities15 Annex H (informative) Fire protection.16 Annex I (informative) Silver image degradation.17
14、 Bibliography18 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 18920:2000(E) iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of pr
15、eparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, i
16、n liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft Intern
17、ational Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International
18、 Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 18920 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography. This first edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition of ISO 6051 (ISO 605
19、1:1997), and is mainly an editorial revision. This International Standard is one of a series of standards dealing with the physical properties and stability of imaging materials. To facilitate identification of these International Standards, they are assigned a number within the block from 18900 to
20、18999 (see annex A). Annexes A to I of this International Standard are for information only. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 18920:2000(E) v Introduction Photographic and other reflection prints, including hard-copy outpu
21、t from digital imaging systems, have become increasingly important as documentary and pictorial reference material in archives, libraries, government, commerce and academia. This has focused attention on the importance of the preservation of such materials to ensure their longest possible life. The
22、stability and useful life of photographic reflection prints depend on their physical and chemical properties and the processing, as well as on the conditions under which they are stored and used. This International Standard provides recommendations on proper storage conditions and practices. The imp
23、ortant elements affecting the useful life of photographic reflection prints during storage are as follows: ?relative humidity and temperature of the storage environment; ?hazards of fire, water, and light exposure; ?fungal growth and other micro-organisms; ?contact with certain chemicals in solid, l
24、iquid, or gaseous form; ?physical damage. The extent to which the relative humidity and temperature of the storage environment, or variations of both, can be permitted to reach beyond recommended limits without producing adverse effects will depend upon the duration of exposure, biological condition
25、s conducive to fungal growth, and the accessibility of the atmosphere to the print surfaces. The term “archival” is no longer used to express longevity or stability in International Standards on imaging materials since it has been interpreted to have many meanings, ranging from preserving documents
26、“forever”, which is unattainable, to temporary storage of actively used materials. This International Standard defines two levels of recommended storage conditions: medium-term and extended- term. Medium-term storage conditions can be used to preserve information for a minimum of 10 years. Extended-
27、 term storage conditions shall be used when it is desired to preserve information for as long as possible, and these conditions will prolong the life of all prints, even those not optimized for permanence. The space requirements and costs for establishing and operating the two levels of storage cond
28、itions (medium- term and extended-term) differ significantly. Furthermore, the specified limits of temperature and relative humidity for both sets of storage conditions may not be realizable due to budgetary constraints, energy considerations, climatic conditions, building construction, etc. However
29、, it must be recognized that any deviation from the specified conditions will reduce the effectiveness of the storage environment. If such deviation is unavoidable, the lowest possible storage temperature should be provided. In any event, the best preservation of prints will be attained with extende
30、d-term storage conditions. The recommendations of this International Standard for the storage of photographic reflection prints encompass the following: ?storage enclosures, housing, and rooms; ?atmospheric and environmental conditions; ?fire protection; Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, S
31、un Nov 26 12:59:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 18920:2000(E) vi ?handling and inspection procedures. With the exception of fire and associated hazards that are sufficiently common to warrant inclusion of protective measures, this International Standard does not pertain to means or
32、 methods for protecting photographic reflection prints against natural or man-made catastrophes. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18920:2000(E) 1 Imaging materials Processed photographic reflection p
33、rints Storage practices 1 Scope 1.1 This International Standard specifies dark storage conditions, storage facilities, and procedures for the handling and inspection of photographic reflection prints of all types and sizes. 1.2 This International Standard is applicable to photographic reflection pri
34、nts on the following opaque supports: ?fibre-base paper; ?RC (resin coated) paper; ?plastic films (polyester, cellulose acetate, etc.). 1.2.1 This International Standard is applicable to the following black-and-white silver gelatin prints: ?wet-processed, including those that have been chemically tr
35、eated to improve the permanence of the silver image and/or to modify its colour (e.g. with gold, selenium or sulfur formulations); ?diffusion transfer (e.g. Polaroid and Fuji Photo Film instant prints1); ?stabilization-processed (which contain the silver image as well as invisible, chemically stabil
36、ized silver halides); ?heat-processed. 1.2.2 This International Standard is applicable to the following multicolour and monochrome photographic prints: ?chromogenic, washed and stabilized; ?silver dye bleach; ?dye transfer; ?diffusion transfer (e.g. Polaroid and Fuji Photo Film instant prints1), pee
37、l-apart or integral); ?pigmented gelatin (carbon, carbro, etc.). 1.2.3 This International Standard is applicable to black-and-white and colour photographic reflection prints made with the following systems: ?thermal dye transfer (commonly referred to as dye sublimation); 1)Polaroid and Fuji Photo Fi
38、lm instant prints are examples of suitable products available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of these products. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:43 GMT+00:00
39、 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 18920:2000(E) 2 ?thermal wax transfer; ?electrophotographic; ?ink jet; ?diazo. 1.3 Recommendations for storage of photographic films are given in ISO 18911 and for storage of processed photographic plates in ISO 18918. Print material on translucent film supports
40、 intended to be viewed primarily by transmitted light should be stored in accordance with ISO 18911. 1.4 This International Standard is applicable to medium-term and extended-term storage conditions as defined in clause 3. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions w
41、hich, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the p
42、ossibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 14523:1999, Photography Proc
43、essed photographic materials Photographic activity test for enclosure materials. ISO 18902:2), Imaging materials Processed films, plates and papers Filing enclosures and storage containers. ISO 18911:2), Imaging materials Processed safety photographic films Storage practices. ISO 18918:2000, Imaging
44、 materials Processed photographic plates Storage practices. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 archival medium recording material that can be expected to retain information forever, so that such information can be r
45、etrieved without significant loss when properly stored NOTE There is, however, no such material and it is not a term to be used in International Standards or system specifications. 3.2 extended-term storage conditions storage conditions suitable for the preservation of recorded information having a
46、permanent value 2)To be published. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 18920:2000(E) 3 3.3 fire-protective storage facility designed to protect records against excessive temperatures, water and other fire-fighting agents, and
47、 steam developed by insulation of safes or caused by the extinguishing of fires and collapsing structures 3.4 fire-resistant vaults fire-resistant vaults as defined in appropriate national standards and regulations 1, 23? 3.5 insulated record containers (Class 150) insulated record containers (Class
48、 150) as defined in appropriate national standards and regulations 3, 4 3.6 life expectancy LE length of time that information is predicted to be acceptable in a system at 21 ?C and 50 % RH 3.7 medium-term storage conditions storage conditions suitable for the preservation of recorded information fo
49、r a minimum of 10 years 3.8 storage container box or can used to store prints 3.9 storage enclosure any item in close or direct contact with recording material such as folders, envelopes, sleeves, albums and mats 3.10 storage housing physical structure supporting materials and their enclosures NOTE It may consist of drawers, racks, shelves or cabinets. 4 Enclosures and containers All enclosures and containers used for medium-term and extended-term storage shall meet the requirements of ISO 18902 and ISO 14523. Thi
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