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1、BS ISO 5667-17:2008 ICS 13.060.45 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BRITISH STANDARD Water quality Sampling Part 17: Guidance on sampling of bulk suspended solids Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:32, Uncontrolled C
2、opy, (c) BSI This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2008 BSI 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 55614 2 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication DateComments BS ISO 5667-17:2008 National foreword This British Standard is the UK imp
3、lementation of ISO 5667-17:2008. It supersedes BS ISO 5667-17:2000 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/3/6, Sampling (of technical committee EH/3 - Water quality). A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
4、 request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South
5、Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:32, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 5667-17:2008 Reference number ISO 5667-17:2008(E) ISO 2008 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5667-17 Second edition 2008-10-01 Water quality Sampling Part 17: Guidance on sampling of bulk suspended solids Qualit de leau chantillonnage Par
6、tie 17: Lignes directrices pour lchantillonnage des matires solides en suspension Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:32, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 5667-17:2008 ISO 5667-17:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In a
7、ccordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe
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9、rinting. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Unless other
10、wise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright
11、 office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reserved Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:32, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS
12、ISO 5667-17:2008 ISO 5667-17:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction. vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Strategies and goals of sampling suspended solids 2 4.1 Sampling programme and sampling plan 2 4.2 The dependency of the
13、 content of suspended solids on discharge. 2 4.3 Sampling frequency, duration, and timing. 3 4.4 Sampling points 3 5 Sampling equipment. 4 5.1 General. 4 5.2 Passive samplers 4 5.3 Bag sampler 4 5.4 Bulk samplers . 4 6 Methods for sampling suspended solids. 5 6.1 General. 5 6.2 Centrifuging methods.
14、 5 6.3 Settling methods. 8 6.4 Filtration methods. 11 6.5 Tangential-flow filtration 12 6.6 Pumping requirements. 13 7 On site measurements . 14 8 Post collection sample handling and analysis 15 8.1 General. 15 8.2 Identification of samples 15 8.3 Sampling record 15 8.4 Preservation 15 8.5 Transport
15、 of samples . 16 9 Quality assurance of field samples. 16 9.1 General. 16 9.2 Quality assurance specific to centrifuges . 16 9.3 Suspended solids characterisation 17 10 Interpretation of data 17 10.1 General. 17 10.2 Variability in time 17 10.3 Variability in space . 18 10.4 Implications for data in
16、terpretation 18 10.5 Field methods for reducing uncertainty. 18 11 Safety precautions 19 Annex A (informative) Information on suspended solids and their sampling. 20 Annex B (informative) Description of sampling devices 22 Bibliography. 27 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank Univ
17、ersity, 16/11/2008 11:32, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 5667-17:2008 ISO 5667-17:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Internation
18、al Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO,
19、 also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical comm
20、ittees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the p
21、ossibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 5667-17 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 6, Sampling (general methods). This s
22、econd edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 5667-17:2000), which has been technically revised. ISO 5667 consists of the following parts, under the general title Water quality Sampling: Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes and sampling techniques Part 3: Guidance on the
23、 preservation and handling of water samples Part 4: Guidance on sampling from lakes, natural and man-made Part 5: Guidance on sampling of drinking water from treatment works and piped distribution systems Part 6: Guidance on sampling of rivers and streams Part 7: Guidance on sampling of water and st
24、eam in boiler plants Part 8: Guidance on the sampling of wet deposition Part 9: Guidance on sampling from marine waters Part 10: Guidance on sampling of waste waters Part 11: Guidance on sampling of groundwaters Part 12: Guidance on sampling of bottom sediments Part 13: Guidance on sampling of sludg
25、es from sewage and water treatment works Part 14: Guidance on quality assurance of environmental water sampling and handling Part 15: Guidance on preservation and handling of sludge and sediment samples Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:32, Uncontrolle
26、d Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 5667-17:2008 ISO 5667-17:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved v Part 16: Guidance on biotesting of samples Part 17: Guidance on sampling of bulk suspended solids Part 18: Guidance on sampling of groundwater at contaminated sites Part 19: Guidance on sampling of marine sediment
27、s Part 20: Guidance on the use of sampling data for decision making Compliance with thresholds and classification systems The following parts are under preparation: Part 21: Guidance on sampling of drinking water distributed by tankers or means other than distribution pipes Part 22: Guidance on desi
28、gn and installation of groundwater sample points Part 23: Determination of significant pollutants in surface waters using passive sampling Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:32, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 5667-17:2008 ISO 5667-17:2008(E) vi ISO 2
29、008 All rights reserved Introduction This part of ISO 5667 reflects the important role of suspended solids in flowing water, especially of the silt plus clay ( 0,45 m; e) fairly inexpensive; f) advantageous when calculating loads, because the dissolved portion, which may not be negligible in determi
30、ning the load, is immediately accessible; g) sample taking can be variable (e.g. for establishing depth and horizontal profiles). 6.4.3 Disadvantages of filtration processes The disadvantages of filtration processes are: a) the filters rapidly become clogged; b) only a very small mass of sediment is
31、 collected, which can lead to relatively large analytical errors; c) filtration can be very slow (vacuum filtration may take several days), and so the original equilibrium may shift from dissolved to particulate-bound; d) as the system is relatively susceptible to contamination (filtering, drying),
32、contamination originating elsewhere, although very slight, can have a strong influence on the results; e) only limited suitability for organic contents; f) because of the small mass of sediment, other analyses such as particle size analysis or analysis of the fine-particle fraction are not possible.
33、 6.5 Tangential-flow filtration 6.5.1 General This type of particle/fluid separation, also known as ultra-filtration, is generally used for the separation of the 3 m fraction including colloids. However, this size is dependent upon the nominal pore size of the filters used, flow rate and other facto
34、rs. A sample is initially collected using other samplers, such as those from the passive category or by pumping into a storage container. The system employs a stack of membrane filters, separated by gaskets that channel the flow across the surface of the membranes. The suspended solid/water mixture
35、is pumped (generally with a peristaltic pump) across the filters with the retained suspended solid (that of a size larger than the nominal pore size of the filters) swept tangentially across the filter stack and out into the original sampler container where it is recycled through the system again. F
36、iltrate and suspended solid which is small enough to pass through the pores of the filters is removed from the system. This recycling process is generally continued until the original sample volume is reduced to less than 1 l (References 13, 14). Deployment strategies for tangential flow filtration
37、can be found in References 13 and 14. Operation of the unit should be according to manufacturers specifications. There is no published literature on quality assurance of tangential-flow units. CAUTION Re-use of filters and attached tubing requires cleaning, with reagent or pesticide-grade solvents.
38、Handling and disposal of such solvents requires great care and should be in accordance with national regulations. Care should be taken to collect samples in appropriately cleaned sample Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:32, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI B
39、S ISO 5667-17:2008 ISO 5667-17:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 13 containers (see ISO 5667-3) and with proper inert utensils when working with the bulk suspended solids. 6.5.2 Operational considerations for tangential flow filtration The following factors should be considered. a) The final susp
40、ended solid sample can contain particle sizes into the colloidal size range, depending on the filter pore size employed. This size fraction, because of its large surface area, has the highest concentration of adsorbed chemical substances. However, suspended solid separation is relatively slow (slowe
41、r than continuous-flow centrifugation). b) Filter clogging can result in a downward shift in nominal pore size, resulting in better retention of very small particles, but at reduced flow rates. c) Frequent filter replacement is often required, depending on the manufacturer and nature of use, can inv
42、olve significant cost and generally has a greater clean-up time required than for other methods. d) This technique has not been widely used in routine field situations. Thus, there is relatively little known of the operational problems associated with tangential flow apparatus from different manufac
43、turers. e) This system is much smaller than continuous-flow systems and is less expensive to purchase, but can be more expensive to operate because of cost of replacement filters (Reference 14). 6.6 Pumping requirements Most bulk samplers require that the suspended solids/water mixture be pumped fro
44、m the water column into the bulk sampler or into a storage container. There are numerous types of pump ranging from submersible to peristaltic pumps, which have been used for water quality sampling. The composition (plastics such as PTFE, metal, etc.) of pump parts that are in contact with the water
45、, and the composition of the hosing that carries the water to the sampling apparatus can be important, depending on the type of chemical analyses required in the sampling programme. Submersible pumps should be magnetically driven so that there is no chance of leakage of lubricating and cooling oil f
46、rom the submersible electric motor into the impeller housing. Pumped samples are appropriate for all aquatic environments, providing that isokinetic sampling (3.3) is not a requirement of the sampling protocol. Very few pumps can sample isokinetically. However, in practice, this is not generally a p
47、roblem, especially as: a) in many rivers the majority of suspended solids are silt plus clay particles; and b) the particle-size range of interest in the chemistry of suspended solids is usually the 63 m fraction (Reference 20). Pumps are difficult to use for depth-integrated sampling. Therefore, if
48、 a river transports a significant proportion of sand particles, pump samplers are likely to undersample this population (sand is generally transported near the bed). For environmental chemistry this might not be critical, because chemical enrichment of solids is mainly in the silt plus clay 63 m fra
49、ction. There are a number of practical advantages to using pumps as follows. a) Pumps are the only practical means of moving large volumes of water to the bulk sampler and can be easily deployed in any aquatic environment. b) Because of the length of time involved, pumps average out any short-term temporal variations in solids chemistry that are commonly observed in the water column. c) Pumps are relatively inexpensive and are easily dismantled for cleaning. Licensed Copy: L
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