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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 6989:1981 Textiles fibres Determination of length and length distribution of staple fibres (by measurement of single fibres) ICS 59.060.01 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:17:03 GM
2、T+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 6989:1981 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Materials and Chemicals Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 20 May 2002 BSI 20 May 20
3、02 ISBN 0 580 39663 0 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 6989:1981 and implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS 6176:1981 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee TCI/24, Physical testing of texti
4、les, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalo
5、gue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their co
6、rrect application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests i
7、nformed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, ISO title page, the ISO foreword page, pages 1 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed
8、in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:17:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI International Standard INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION*MEW
9、YHAPOAHAFI OPrAHM3AWlR fl0 CTAHAPTM3ALWl.ORGANISATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION Textile fibres - Determination of length and length distribution of staple fibres (by measurement of Single fibres) Fibres textiles - LMermination de Ia longueur et de Ia distribution de longueur des fibres discon
10、tinues (par Ie mesurage de fibres individuelles) First edition - 1981-05-15 lJ DC 677.017222 Ref. No. ISO 69894981 (EI Descriptors : textiles, fibres, dimensional measurement, length, physical tests, dimensional stability tests, classification, test results. ecirP desab no 6 segap Licensed Copy: she
11、ffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:17:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national Standards institutes (ISO member bedies). The work of developing Inter- national Standards is carried out t
12、hrough ISO technical committees. Every member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been set up has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. Draft Interna
13、tional Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the ISO Council. International Standard ISO 6989 was developed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles, and was circulated to the member bodi
14、es in November 1979. lt has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries : Australia Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Canada China Cyprus Czechoslovakia Denmark Egypt, Arab Rep. of Finland The member bodies of on technical grounds : the fol lowing countries expressed disapproval of the docu
15、France Germany, F. R. Ghana India Israel Italy Korea, Rep. of Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Hungary Japan USSR 0 lanoitanretnI noitazinagrO rof ,noitazidradnatS 1891 Portugal Romania South Africa, Rep. of Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom USA detnirP ni dnalreztiwS Licensed Copy
16、: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:17:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 69894981 (E) Textile fibres - Determination of length and length distribution of staple fibres (by measurement of Single fibres) 0 Introduction This International Standard is inte
17、nded to replace two existing International Standards, ISO 270, Textile fibres - Determina- tion of fibre length by measuring individual fibres, and ISO 1822, Wool - Determination of fibre length using a single- fibre length measuring machine. The determination of fibre length by measuring the length
18、 of individual fibres is advocated for the following reasons : a) the fibre length is better defined than by measurement of the fibre held in combs; b) this is a general method, and its range of application is . not limited by the length or diameter of the fibres tested; c) the risk of accidental or
19、 systematic errors is less than with other methods, particularly with collective measurements of the length of a group of fibres. lt should be noted that measurements by this method are made on straightened fibres with the crimp removed, and may give different results from those obtained by other me
20、thods of measurement. In the case of fibres which have inherent crimp, straightening the fibres may also include errors due to stret- ching. Nevertheless, other methods (for example, the comb Sorter) are quicker for some fibres (for example, cotton or other short fibres), and for this reason may be
21、preferred, for routine tests, to the more exact method of measuring individual fibre lengths. ISO 2646, Wool - Measurement of the length of fibres pro- cessed on the worsted System, using a fibre diagram machine, may be used for the determination of the distribution of the length of fibres by measur
22、ement carried out on specimens of sliver processed on the worsted System. 1 Scope and field of application This International Standard specifies - three methods for determination of the length of staple fibres by measuring individual fibres; - different methods of expressing the length distribution
23、from values obtained by measurement of individual fibres. lt applies to all discontinuous textile fibres, except those in which strong inherent crimp would render the procedure inap- plicable. lt does not apply to fibrous bundles of bast fibres. 2 References ISO 139, TextIes - Standard atmospheres f
24、or conditioning and tes ting. ISO 1130, TextJe fibres - Some methods of sampling for tes ting. 3 Principle Measurement of the individual length of each fibre - method A : on a straightened fibre on a graduated rule, under a light tension applied with the aid of forceps and grease. This method shall
25、be used for reference in cases of dispute, unless strong inherent crimp renders it inap- plicable. - method B : by measuring by use of an opisometer the length of the image of the fibre enlarged by projection on a Screen. - method C : by use of a semi-mechanical device. Expression of the length dist
26、ribution of fibres from the values of fibre length, classing the fibres into groups of length. 4 Apparatus and materials 4.1 Method A (Reference method) 4.1 .l Polished glass plate, with a millimetre scale engraved or photographed on it. 4.1.2 Pointed forceps. 4.1.3 White Petroleum jelly or liquid P
27、araffin. 4.2 Method B 4.2.1 Projector and Screen, with means for mounting fibres on the projector slide. 4.2.2 Opisometer and calibration slide, or other means for determining projector magnification. 4.2.3 White Petroleum jelly or liquid Paraffin. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov
28、 27 02:17:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 69894981 (E) 4.3 Method C sion at its two extremities. Measure the length of the fibre along the scale. Repeat the Operation for each fibre to be tested. 4.3.1 Apparatus for carrying out semi-automatic measure- ment of the fibre length unde
29、r controlled tension, classification of fibre length in groups or classes in intervals of determined length, and registering the number of fibres in each of these groups. 7.1.2 Method B. image of a fibre Measurement of the length of the Smear the slide (4.2.2) with a thin film of the white Petroleum
30、 jelly or liquid Paraffin (4.2.31, applied with a Paper tissue. Lay a convenient number of fibres on the oiled slide; bend the fibres if they are longer that the projection field. Place a clean cover- glass on top of the fibres and hold the assembly firmly together with a small piece of adhesive tap
31、e. A convenient apparatus for use in this method is described in the annex. 4.3.2 Pointed forceps. 4.3.3 Short graduated rule, having two marks, 5 mm apart. For fibres less than 90 mm in length, use a magnification of 10 x . For longer fibres, a magnification of 5 x is sufficient. 5 Atmospheres for
32、conditioning and testing Determine the magnification of the equipment by measuring the image length of the calibration slide with the opisometer (4.2.2). Measure the length of the images of the fibres in turn with the opisometer. Condition the fibres and keep them in the Standard atmosphere for test
33、ing, as defined in ISO 139, i.e. an atmosphere having a relative humidity of (65 + 2) % and a temperature of 20 1,96s in absolute value : A (mm) = + - dq Cni is the total number of fibres in all classes; 1,96 cv - relative value : A % = + - fi CIZili is the sum of the products Yli X li for all class
34、es. This latter value coincides with the percentage frequency by mass only if fibres of different lengths have the same mass per unit length. This is not always the case, especially for natura1 fibres. 8.2.4 Expression of the frequency distribution If a length distribution graph is required, express
35、 it 8.2 Characteristic distri bution values - by a frequency histogram representing the percentage of the number of fibres in each length interval employed, expressed as a function of the length; 8.2.1 Lengths The following characteristic distribution values are commonly calculated (other quantities
36、 may also be calculated for par- ticular purposes) : - by a cumulative frequency diagram indicating the percentage as a function of fibres greater than a given length, expressed as a function of the length. a) the modal length (the central length of the most numerous class); 9 Test report The test r
37、eport shall include the following particulars. b) the mean length of the individual fibres : DZili L=- C?i 9.1 The number of fibres measured : - the mean length of individual fibres L; c) the length-biased mean length of fibres in a sliver, roving or yarn section : L Ihil =- Z?lili Express these len
38、gths in millimetres. - the coefficient of Variation; - the frequency histogram or the cumulative frequency diagram, if a distribution graph is required; - the number of fibres, if not zero, in any classes ex- cluded from the calculation of mean length and coefficient of Variation. 3 Licensed Copy: s
39、heffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:17:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 69894981 (EI 9.2 If required : - the percentage by number of the fibres in each class; 9.3 Reference to this International Standard and the method used, including the type of apparatus if method C was empl
40、oyed, - the class intervals used; 9.4 All operations not specified in this International Stan- dard, and all incidents likely to have had an effect on the - the modal class length; results. - the length-biased mean length of the fibres; - the confidence limits (normally the 95 % confidence limits).
41、Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 02:17:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 6989-1981 (E) Annex “Wira” fibre length machinel) (Forms part of the Standard. 1 A.l Characteristics The principal features of this machine are the means for automatically measuring fibre l
42、ength under controlled tension, means for automatically classifying the fibre lengths into 5 mm groups and means for registering the number of fibres in each of these groups. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the essential feafures.2) ,1- A.2 Calibration Switch on the machine, depress the operating key as
43、far as it will go, and check that the fibre detector wire (11) falls into the space between the anvil (3) and the fibre support (121, and that its end just dips into the mercury, thus actuating the stop- motion and stopping the traverse screw (9). If the detector wire does not fall into its correct
44、place, adjust its lateral Position by carefully bending it with a dissecting needle at a Point near its fixed end. Check also that the fibre detector wire lies parallel to the pressure plate (2) when in the raised Position and about 0,5 mm below it. If it does not do so, adjust the vertical posi- ti
45、ons by bending it with a dissecting needle near its fixed end. By means of the forceps, select a fibre and measure its length in the way specified in 7.1, noting whether the screw (9) is stopped immediately the fibre end Slips clear of the anvil. If it is not, adjust the level of the mercury until t
46、he screw is being stopped satisfactorily on release of a fibre. A.3 Measurement A.3.1 Position the fibres to be measured on a Velvet board at a height such that fibres may be gripped and drawn over the approach pad and through the fibre guide (10). 1) The information results may be used given on thi
47、s machine is not intended to favour its use or to give preference to this apparatus. Other apparatus giving equivalent 2) Full details of the Operation of S.L. Anderson and R .C. Palmer. the machine are given in J. Test. hst., 1953, 44,3, T95 : “A machine for measuring the length of Single fibres”,
48、by A.3.2 Reset all the counters to zero by rotating the counter reset wheel in a clockwise direction and rotating the counters towards the front of the machine until they are all stopped. The counter reset wheel is then rotated as far as it will go in an anti- clockwise direction, thus freeing the c
49、ounters. A.3.3 Measure and record the length of each fibre in the Sample in the following way : Grip the end of a fibre with the pointed forceps (6) and with the operating key in the up Position pull the fibre over the approach pad and introduce it into the fibre guide (10). Depress the operating key with the left forefinger and move the forceps to the right, parallel with the traverse screw (9), until only a short length of the fibre remains to be drawn through the guide. The forceps shall not tauch the traverse screw during this Operation. Push the Points of the forceps ho
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