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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 6879:1995 Implementation of ISO 6879:1995 Air quality Performance characteristics and related concepts for air quality measuring methods ICS 13.040.10 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:16:15 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 6879:1995 T
2、his British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Health and Environment Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 May 1996 BSI 11-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference E
3、H/2 Draft for comment 93/506826 DC ISBN 0 580 25689 8 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/2, Air quality, upon which the following bodies were represented: AEA Technology Asbestos Information Centre Ltd. As
4、bestosis Research Council Association of Consulting Scientists British Cement Association British Coal Corporation Chartered Institute of Environmental Health Combustion Engineering Association Department of Health Department of the Environment (Her Majestys Inspectorate of Pollution) Department of
5、Trade and Industry (Laboratory of the Government Chemist) Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association European Resin Manufacturers Association GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.) Health and Safety Executive Institute of Petroleum National Society for Clean Air Royal Society of Chemistry The following bod
6、ies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: BCIRA British Ceramic Research Ltd. British Gas plc British Occupational Hygiene Society Chemical Industries Association Employers Association of Catering Equipment Engineers Ltd. Fibre Cement Manufacturers
7、Association Limited Institute of Energy Institute of Occupational Hygienists Institute of Occupational Medicine London Transport Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:16:15 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO
8、6879:1995 BSI 11-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii Forewordii Introduction1 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3Symbols and abbreviations1 4Rationale2 5Basic concepts and performance characteristics2 Annex A (informative) Bibliography6 Figure 1 Illustration
9、 of detection limit cD, quantification limit cQ and decision limit xD5 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:16:15 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 6879:1995 ii BSI 11-1999 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 6879:1995 and implements i
10、t as the UK national standard. It replaces ISO 6879:1983 which is withdrawn. This British Standard is published under the direction of the Health and Environment Sector Board whose Technical Committee EH/2, has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible i
11、nternational committee any enquiries on interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. NOTEInternational and European Standards, as well as overseas standards, are available from Customer
12、 Services, BSI, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal
13、 obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the ISO title page, page ii, pages 1 to 6 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendme
14、nt table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:16:15 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:16:15 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 6879:1996 ii BSI 11-1999 Foreword ISO (the
15、International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
16、 has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnic
17、al standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 6879 was prepared by Techn
18、ical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 4, General aspects. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 6879:1983), which has been technically revised. Annex A of this International Standard is for information only. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun
19、Nov 26 03:16:15 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 6879:1996 BSI 11-19991 Introduction This International Standard which comprises definitions of terms and performance characteristics used in assessing air quality should be used in conjunction with the specific standard test methods p
20、repared by ISO/TC 146, Air quality. 1 Scope This International Standard defines terms and performance characteristics related to air quality measuring methods. The values of the performance characteristics, determined in accordance with an associated series of test methods, are intended to be used t
21、o confirm whether a method is appropriate when assessing air quality in any given situation. This International Standard does not include specific methods for determining air quality or obtaining representative samples or for selecting the number of measurements necessary for a given task, these bei
22、ng covered in other International Standards. The performance characteristics listed also apply to respective emission measurement procedures. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard.
23、 At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC an
24、d ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO Guide 30:1992, Terms and definitions used in connection with reference materials. ISO 3534-1:1993, Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 1: Probability and general statistical terms. 3 Symbols and abbreviations CAir quality ch
25、aracteristic cValue of C Measured value of C Ciith interferent, with i = 1, 2, ., n ciValue of Ci c0Zero sample value of the air quality characteristic C cDDetection limit cQQuantification limit fAnalytical function gCalibration function IFirst order measure of the value of selectivity related to th
26、e ith interferent nTotal number of interferents considered rRepeatability limit RReproducibility limit SSensitivity XOutput variable xValue of X Mean output signal of a zero sample xDDecision limit , Significance levelsa (see ISO 3534-1) a 5 % by convention. c x0 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffield
27、un, na, Sun Nov 26 03:16:15 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 6879:1996 2 BSI 11-1999 4 Rationale The definitions comprise basic concepts and the three types of performance characteristics (statistical, functional and operational). In order to define the performance characteristics,
28、it is necessary to describe the three terms basic to the measuring process, i.e. value of air quality characteristic1), output signal (5.1.10) and measured value (5.1.7). The value of air quality characteristic c is the true value of the air quality characteristic being investigated. The output sign
29、al x is the value of the output variable of a measuring system obtained as a response related to the concentration or value of the air quality characteristic contained in the air sample being considered. The output variable may be an output voltage, a turning angle of an indicator, a scale reading,
30、quantity of standard volumetric solution used for titration, etc. The measured value is the estimated value of the air quality characteristic, derived from output signals, and generally involves calculations related to the calibration process and conversion to required quantities. The calibration fu
31、nction (5.2.4) is the relation between output variables and quantifiable properties (concentration, particle size, etc.) of reference materials used during the calibration process. The analytical function (5.2.2) is the relation between the measured values and the output variables and is estimated f
32、rom regression analysis of air quality characteristic values versus output variables. These relations are not deterministic but stochastic, usually unstable (see 5.2.9) and biased (see 5.2.3). Statistical performance characteristics quantify, for measured values, the possible deviations resulting fr
33、om the random part of the measuring process; these are, for example, repeatability or instability. Functional performance characteristics are estimates of the deterministic part of the measuring process, for example, sensitivity, calibration function or response time. Operational performance charact
34、eristics deal with the influence of the physical and chemical environment and maintenance problems, for example, input voltage, temperature, supply of certain substances, set-up time, warm-up time or period of unattended operation. The statistical and functional performance characteristics given sho
35、uld be sufficient in most cases. For practical reasons, the list of operational performance characteristics is limited. In special cases, the user is asked to adopt performance characteristics not listed in 5.2, but which are suitable for the special method or instrument under consideration. 5 Basic
36、 concepts and performance characteristics 5.1 Basic concepts 5.1.1 air quality characteristic: One of the quantifiable properties relating to an air mass under investigation, for example, concentration of a constituent. 5.1.2 air sample: Amount of air which is assumed to be representative of the air
37、 mass under investigation, and which is examined for air quality characteristics. 5.1.3 blank reading: Output signal for a zero sample. 5.1.4 failure of the system: Termination of the ability of a measuring system to perform its required function. NOTE 1Any system is a collection of instruments and
38、components that are electrically and mechanically joined to perform a specific function. System failures can therefore be defined as having occurred when the operating characteristics of a component, or a group of components, change to the extent that the system can no longer satisfactorily perform
39、its expected function. 5.1.5 interferent: Component of the air sample, excluding the measured constituent, that effects the output signal. 5.1.6 measured constituent: Component of the air sample for which a quantity is to be determined by measurement. 5.1.7 measured value: Estimated value of the air
40、 quality characteristic derived from an output signal; this usually involves calculations related to the calibration process and conversion to required quantities. 5.1.8 memory effect: Temporary dependence of an output signal on one or several previous values of the air quality characteristics. 1) D
41、efined as measurand in 1 in Annex A. c Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:16:15 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 6879:1996 BSI 11-19993 5.1.9 method: Procedure for sampling and determining one or more air quality characteristics, the accuracy of which is estab
42、lished using either a reference material or reference procedures. NOTE 2Two or more methods are considered equivalent if the values for their statistical and functional performance characteristics, for example bias, precision or sensitivity, fall within minimum specified limits and tolerances in the
43、 presence of specified interferent(s) and under specified operating conditions. 5.1.10 output signal: Value of output variable of a measuring system obtained as a response related to the value of the air quality characteristic. 5.1.11 reference material (RM): Material or substance one or more of who
44、se property values are sufficiently homogeneous and well established to be used for the calibration of an apparatus, the assessment of a measurement method, or for assigning values to materials. ISO Guide 30 5.1.11.1 reference material (RM): gair quality measuring methods Substance or mixture of sub
45、stances, the composition of which is known within specified limits, and one or more of the properties of which are sufficiently well established over a stated period of time to be used for the calibration of an apparatus, the assessment of a measuring method, or for assigning values to materials. 5.
46、1.12 reference procedure: Agreed set of theoretical and practical operations for determining one or more air quality characteristics where it is not practical to produce a reference material; the result obtained is defined as the measure of the air quality characteristic. 5.1.13 zero sample: Substan
47、ce or mixture of substances resembling, as closely as possible, the matrix of the actual air sample to be measured, but characterized by a value of the air quality characteristic which is not detectable by the method used. NOTE 3In practice, the value of the air quality characteristic is considered
48、to be zero. 5.2 Performance characteristics 5.2.1 accuracy: The closeness of agreement between a test result and the accepted reference value. ISO 3534-1 5.2.1.1 accuracy: gair quality measuring methods Closeness of agreement between a single measured value and the value of the air quality character
49、istic itself, or the accepted reference value. 5.2.2 analytical function: Inverse of the calibration function. 5.2.3 bias: The difference between the expectation of the test results and an accepted reference value. ISO 3534-1 5.2.3.1 bias: gair quality measuring methods Consistent deviation of the measured value from the value of the air quality characteristic itself, or the accepted reference value. NOTE 4Bias is often called “systematic error”. 5.2.4 calibration function: Output variable X as a function of the air quality characteristic C und
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