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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 857-2:2005 Welding and allied processes Vocabulary Part 2: Soldering and brazing processes ICS 01.040.25; 25.160.50 ? and related terms Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 25 14:25:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 857-2:2005 This British St
2、andard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 12 January 2006 BSI 12 January 2006 ISBN 0 580 47171 3 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 857-2:2005 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its prep
3、aration was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/1, Definitions and symbols for welding, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK intere
4、sts informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in thi
5、s document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a con
6、tract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 28, an in
7、side back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 25 14:25:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Refe
8、rence number ISO 857-2:2005(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 857-2 First edition 2005-11-01 Welding and allied processes Vocabulary Part 2: Soldering and brazing processes and related terms Soudage et techniques connexes Vocabulaire Partie 2: Termes relatifs aux procds de brasage tendre et de brasage f
9、ort BS ISO 857-2:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 25 14:25:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 25 14:25:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 857-2:2005 iii Contents Page Foreword. v Introduction
10、. vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions 1 Annex A (informative) Process descriptions based on energy sources 9 A.1 Soldering . 9 A.2 Brazing. 16 Annex B (informative) List of equivalent English, French and German terms for brazing and soldering processes . 24 Alphabetical
11、index . 28 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 25 14:25:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 857-2:2005 iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of prepari
12、ng International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in lia
13、ison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of
14、technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is
15、drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 857-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 7, Represen
16、tation and terms. Together with ISO 857-1, this part of ISO 857 cancels and replaces ISO 857:1990, which has been technically revised. ISO 857 consists of the following parts, under the general title Welding and allied processes Vocabulary: Part 1: Metal welding processes Part 2: Soldering and brazi
17、ng processes and related terms Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 25 14:25:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI v Introduction ISO 857:1990 has been revised in two new parts, ISO 857-1, Welding and allied processes Vocabulary Part 1: Metal welding processes, and ISO 857-2,
18、Welding and allied processes Vocabulary Part 2: Soldering and brazing processes and related terms. ISO 857-1 is restricted to welding processes for metallic materials and the welding processes are structured in a more systematic way than in ISO 857:1990. The processes have been classified according
19、to their physical characteristics, e.g. pressure or fusion welding, and the type of energy source. A number of new processes have been added and a number of obsolete processes have been removed. ISO 857-2 is restricted to soldering and brazing processes and is organized in the same manner as ISO 857
20、-1. New definitions have been added in order to provide a better understanding of such processes. The numbers in parentheses following the name of the process refer to the numbering used in ISO 4063. Most of the definitions are accompanied by schematic figures given as examples. Requests for officia
21、l interpretations of any aspect of this part of ISO 857 should be directed to the Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 7 via your national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org. BS ISO 857-2:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 25 14:25:25 GMT+00:0
22、0 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 25 14:25:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 1 Welding and allied processes Vocabulary Part 2: Soldering and brazing processes and related terms 1 Scope This part of ISO 857 defines terms used for
23、metal soldering and brazing processes, as well as related terms. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docume
24、nt (including any amendments) applies. ISO 4063, Welding and allied processes Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers 3 Terms and definitions 3.1 soldering/brazing joining processes in which a molten filler material is used that has a lower liquidus temperature than the solidus temperature o
25、f the parent material(s), which wets the surfaces of the heated parent material(s) and which, during or after heating, is drawn into (or, if pre-placed, is retained in) the narrow gap between the components being joined NOTE 1 These processes are generally carried out with metals but they can also b
26、e carried out with non-metallic materials. The filler material always has a different chemical composition from the components being joined. NOTE 2 If the process is carried out without capillary attraction, it is often described as braze welding. 3.1.1 soldering joining process using filler metal w
27、ith a liquidus temperature of 450 C or less 3.1.2 brazing joining process using filler metal with a liquidus temperature above 450 C 3.1.3 coating deposition of a layer or layers of material on a surface to obtain desired properties and/or dimensions 3.1.4 filler metal spreading and gap filling 3.1.
28、4.1 wetting spreading and adhesion of a thin continuous layer of molten filler metal on the surfaces of the components being joined BS ISO 857-2:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 25 14:25:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 3.1.4.2 de-wetting separation of solid fi
29、ller material which, although it had spread over the surfaces of the components to be joined, had failed to bond to them because of e.g. inadequate cleaning or fluxing 3.1.4.3 flow path distance through which the molten filler metal flows in the joint 3.1.4.4 capillary attraction force, caused by su
30、rface tension, which draws the molten filler metal into the gap between the components being joined, even against the force of gravity 3.1.4.5 bonding process process by which a bond is created between the liquid phase of the filler metal and the solid parent metal due to metallurgical reaction 3.2
31、materials for soldering or brazing 3.2.1 filler metal added metal required for soldered or brazed joints, which can be in the form of wire, inserts, powder, pastes, etc. 3.2.2 flux non-metallic material which, when molten, promotes wetting by removing existing oxide or other detrimental films from t
32、he surfaces to be joined and prevents their re-formation during the joining operation 3.2.3 binder substance with which filler metals and/or fluxes are bound as powders or pastes so that they can be applied to the joint as paste or can be moulded into filler metal shapes 3.2.4 soldering and brazing
33、stop-off substance used to prevent undesirable spreading of molten filler metal 3.2.5 parent material material being brazed/soldered 3.2.6 protective atmosphere for soldering or brazing gas atmosphere or vacuum round a component, either to remove oxide or other detrimental films on the surfaces to b
34、e joined or to prevent the re-formation of such films on surfaces which have previously been cleaned 3.2.6.1 reducing gas atmosphere gas which reduces oxides owing to its high affinity for oxygen 3.2.6.2 inert gas atmosphere gas which prevents the formation of oxides during the soldering or brazing
35、process BS ISO 857-2:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 25 14:25:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 3 3.2.6.3 vacuum pressure sufficiently below atmospheric so that the formation of oxides will be prevented to a degree sufficient for satisfactory soldering or brazing
36、, because of the low partial pressure of the residual gas NOTE As a vacuum can only eliminate oxides to a very limited extent, preparatory cleaning of the surfaces to be wetted is of the greatest importance. 3.3 process conditions 3.3.1 characteristic temperatures 3.3.1.1 melting temperature range o
37、f the filler metal temperature range extending from the commencement of melting (solidus temperature) to complete liquefaction (liquidus temperature) NOTE Some filler metals have a melting point rather than a melting range. 3.3.1.2 soldering or brazing temperature temperature at the joint where the
38、filler metal wets the surface or where a liquid phase is formed by boundary diffusion and there is sufficient material flow NOTE With some filler metals, this is below the liquidus temperature of the filler metal. 3.3.1.3 equalizing temperature preheating temperature temperature at which the compone
39、nts being joined are held so that they are uniformly heated through NOTE It is lower than the solidus temperature of the filler metal. 3.3.1.4 effective temperature range temperature range within which a flux or a protective atmosphere is effective 3.3.2 characteristic times 3.3.2.1 soldering or bra
40、zing time time period for the soldering or brazing cycle 3.3.2.2 heating time time during which the soldering or brazing temperature is reached NOTE It includes the equalizing (preheating) time and can also include other times, e.g. the degassing time. 3.3.2.3 equalizing time preheating time time du
41、ring which the components to be soldered or brazed are held at the equalizing/preheating temperature 3.3.2.4 holding time time during which the joint is kept at the soldering or brazing temperature BS ISO 857-2:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 25 14:25:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Unco
42、ntrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 3.3.2.5 cooling time time during which the joint cools down from the soldering or brazing temperature to ambient temperature NOTE It can include the time necessary for the post heat treatment of the soldered or brazed parts. 3.3.2.6 total time period which includes the heati
43、ng time, the holding time and the cooling time 3.3.2.7 effective time time during which the flux remains effective during the soldering or brazing operation NOTE It is dependent on the procedure used. 3.4 soldering or brazing geometry 3.4.1 closed joint joint in which the gap is filled principally b
44、y capillary action with filler metal, i.e. either a butt joint or a lap joint between parallel faces of the components to be soldered or brazed NOTE 1 See Figures 1 and 2. NOTE 2 The lap width and length determine the area over which the components will be joined. NOTE 3 For soldering/brazing with r
45、adiation and soldering/brazing with an electric arc, mixtures of joint types, i.e. butt weld at raised edge or butt weld at lap joint, are also possible. Key 1 closed joint length 2 closed joint width (assembly gap) 3 component thickness Figure 1 Closed butt joint BS ISO 857-2:2005 Licensed Copy: sh
46、effieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 25 14:25:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 5 Key 1 closed joint length 2 closed joint width (assembly gap) 3 lap length 4 component thickness Figure 2 Closed lap joint 3.4.2 open joint joint in which the gap is filled with filler metal by gravity NOTE 1
47、 See Figure 3, which shows two components with parallel faces prepared for soldering or brazing. NOTE 2 This process is often described as braze welding. NOTE 3 For soldering/brazing with radiation and soldering/brazing with an electric arc, mixtures of joint types, i.e. butt weld at raised edge or
48、butt weld at lap joint, are also possible. Key 1 open joint length 2 open joint width (assembly gap) 3 component thickness Figure 3 Open butt joint (square butt joint) 3.4.3 soldering or brazing gap narrow, mainly parallel gap between the components to be soldered or brazed, measured at the solderin
49、g or brazing temperature BS ISO 857-2:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 25 14:25:25 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 6 3.4.4 assembly gap narrow, mainly parallel gap between the components to be soldered or brazed, measured at room temperature 3.5 soldered/brazed assemblies Terms relating to soldered/brazed assemblies are illustrated in Figures 4 and 5. soldered/brazed assembly/component I parent material zone II soldered/brazed joint III heat
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