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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 15166-1:1998 Adhesives Methods of preparing bulk specimens Part 1: Two-part systems ICS 83.180 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:29:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 15166-1:1998 This British Standard, having been prepared under the
2、direction of the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 August 1998 BSI 05-1999 ISBN 0 580 30233 4 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 15166-1:1998 and implements it as the UK national
3、 standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee STI/52, Adhesives, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change,
4、and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or Europe
5、an publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necess
6、ary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the ISO
7、 title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 5 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: s
8、heffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:29:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 15166-1:1998 BSI 05-1999i Contents Page National forewordInside front cover Forewordiii Text of ISO 15166-11 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:29:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled
9、Copy, (c) BSI ii blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:29:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:29:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 15166-1:1998 ii BSI 05-1999 Contents Page Forewordiii In
10、troduction1 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3Definition1 4Mould description1 5Mixing and dispensing of the adhesive2 6Moulding3 7Curing3 8Test report3 Figure 1 Examples of suitable moulds with a) spacers, b) a U-shaped frame and c) a continuous frame2 Figure 2 Casting the adhesive4 Figure 3 Adhesive
11、cast prior to closing the mould5 Descriptors: Plastics, adhesives, test specimens, specimen preparation, bulk products. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:29:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 15166-1:1998 BSI 05-1999iii Foreword ISO (the International Organi
12、zation for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establishe
13、d has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
14、Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 15166-1 was prepared by Technical Committee IS
15、O/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 11, Products. ISO 15166 consists of the following parts, under the general title Adhesives Methods of preparing bulk specimens: Part 1: Two-part systems; Part 2: Elevated-temperature-curing one-part systems. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07
16、:29:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:29:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 15166-1:1998 BSI 05-19991 Introduction Accurate values for the mechanical properties of adhesives are needed in the design of b
17、onded joints to enable calculations of the stress distribution in the loaded joint to be made and failure criteria for the adhesive material to be determined. The use of test methods that employ specimens in the form of a bonded joint for the measurement of these properties is not ideal. This is bec
18、ause the thickness dimension of the bond constitutes the gauge length of the specimen for the determination of strain and, since the thickness is small (typically 1 mm), strains cannot be routinely determined with high accuracy. Furthermore, the failure of a joint specimen usually arises under a mul
19、tiaxial-stress state, the complexity of which depends upon many factors such as the geometry of the joint, the dimensions and properties of the adherends and the geometry of any fillets. The failure data derived from these specimens may be informative for design purposes, but additional data are nee
20、ded corresponding to deformation and failure under more simple stress states such as shear and uniaxial tension. The availability of bulk specimens with suitable dimensions will enable mechanical properties under different loading conditions and environments to be measured using methods developed an
21、d standardized for engineering plastics. These are both accurate and relatively inexpensive. Procedures are described that will enable specimens to be obtained that have structures and properties comparable with those for the adhesive in a bonded joint. Additional tests on joint specimens will be ne
22、cessary to give information relating to the performance of the bond between the adhesive and the adherend. 1 Scope This part of ISO 15166 describes methods for the preparation of bulk specimens of adhesives. The procedures described are suitable for two-part adhesives such as epoxies, polyurethanes,
23、 acrylics, etc. The methods are not suitable for the preparation of bulk specimens of adhesives which require the evaporation of solvents or the liberation of gas for curing. They are also not suitable for pseudo-one-part adhesives that require an initiator to be applied to one of the surfaces to be
24、 bonded. In addition, the methods are not suitable for adhesives whose working life is very short, so that there is insufficient time to mix the components, dispense the adhesive and close the mould. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this t
25、ext, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 15166. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 15166 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of
26、the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 472:1988, Plastics Vocabulary. ISO 2818:1994, Plastics Preparation of test specimens by machining. ISO 3167:1993, Plastics Multipurpose test specimens. 3 Definition For the purpos
27、es of this part of ISO 15166, the following definition, as given in ISO 472:1988, applies. 3.1 pot life; working life the period of time during which an adhesive or resin, prepared for application, remains usable 4 Mould description 4.1 General The mould shall consist of two plates separated by spac
28、ers, a U-shaped frame or a continuous frame (see Figure 1). 4.2 Plates The two plates shall be made of metal and be at least 5 mm thick. This is both to provide a heat sink while curing and to avoid significant bowing of the plates under the forces experienced during moulding. NOTE 1Copper and brass
29、 are suggested as a plate material as they are good thermal conductors. However, when using certain components which are aggresive to copper, alternative metallic materials should be used. Make sure that the adhesive does not adhere to the metal plates after cure. NOTE 2This can be achieved by apply
30、ing on the plates a low-surface-energy material such as a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film, or by coating or spraying a release material on the surface of the plates. PTFE sprays need caution so as not to contaminate any other surfaces in the vicinity. When preparing bulk specimens of adhesives t
31、hat cure very rapidly at ambient temperature and where the evolution of large quantities of heat on curing is likely to lead to different properties of the adhesive, the plates in the mould shall be constructed to allow cooling water to pass through them. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na,
32、Mon Nov 27 07:29:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 15166-1:1998 2 BSI 05-1999 4.3 Spacer or frame A U-shaped frame as shown in Figure 1 b) is used for non-free-flowing adhesives. Spacers as shown in Figure 1 a) may be used for non-free-flowing adhesives cured at ambient temperatur
33、e. A continuous frame as shown in Figure 1 c) shall be used for free-flowing adhesives. Make sure that the adhesive does not adhere to the frame or spacers after cure. NOTE 1This can be achieved by applying on the frame or spacers a low-surface-energy material such as a PTFE film, or by coating or s
34、praying a release material on the surface of the frame or spacers. PTFE sprays need caution so as not to contaminate any other surfaces in the vicinity. Alternatively the frame or spacers could be constructed from a low-surface-energy plastic such as PTFE. The thickness of the frame determines the s
35、pecimen thickness and shall be uniform to within 0,5 %. Ensure that the specimen thickness is sufficiently small that the temperature rise resulting from an exothermic cure reaction does not degrade the material (see clause 7). NOTE 2A thickness of 2 mm to 3 mm is suitable for most tests. Where spac
36、ers are used to define the shape of the mould, precautions shall be taken to prevent relative movement of the spacers during casting or curing. Alternatively, a U-shaped frame may be used (see Figure 1). The dimensions of the mould shall be chosen to suit the type of test specimen required. When bul
37、k specimens are to be prepared having the standard multipurpose test specimen geometry specified in ISO 3167, the minimum length of the moulded material shall be greater than 150 mm. Mechanically prepared test specimens shall be machined in accordance with ISO 2818, stamped or cut from the moulded p
38、lates. Alternatively, pre-formed or shaped frames can be used to manufacture specimens of the desired geometry. The machine used for mixing the components may place a constraint on the mould volume (see 5.3). 5 Mixing and dispensing of the adhesive 5.1 Preparation of the individual components Precau
39、tions shall be taken to minimize the volume of any entrapped air in the individual adhesive components, since air bubbles present in the materials before mixing can lead to voids in the final bulk specimen. Entrapped air can be removed from the materials by stirring the individual components under a
40、 vacuum. When there is a risk of losing volatile substances in this process, the operation shall be carried out at sufficiently low temperatures to avoid the removal of these substances. NOTEThe adhesive manufacturer should preferably be consulted on whether vacuum degasssing is feasible. Alternativ
41、ely, and specifically for low-viscosity materials, the components shall be allowed to stand in the mixing apparatus until all visible air bubbles have risen to the surface. In this case, it shall be ensured that the final mixing operation will not introduce any further air. Figure 1 Examples of suit
42、able moulds with a) spacers, b) a U-shaped frame and c) a continuous frame Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:29:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 15166-1:1998 BSI 05-19993 5.2 Mixing The components shall be mixed in the correct ratio in accordance with the
43、manufacturers instructions. Mixing is generally achieved by using static or dynamic mixers. Where a static mixer is used, the nozzle employed shall have a sufficient number of mixing elements to ensure thorough mixing of the components. NOTEWhen a static mixer is employed it is recommended that the
44、mixer is evacuated during mixing to avoid entrapping air. Where a free-flowing adhesive with a long working life is mixed under conditions which could introduce air into the mixture, the final product shall be degassed under a vacuum before moulding. 5.3 Mixture volume When the mixing operation is n
45、ot continuous and thus a limited volume of adequately mixed components is generated by the mixing machine, the mould volume shall be smaller than this discharged volume. 5.4 Dispensing 5.4.1 Non-free-flowing adhesives These adhesives shall be dispensed from cartridges with a nozzle or from more soph
46、isticated dispensing equipment. A continuous, steady flow of adhesive is required while dispensing. NOTE 1Cartridges with static mixers are generally used. Discard the first quantity of material from nozzles in case the “first-out” mix is not to the correct ratio with the mixer nozzles used. The noz
47、zle shall remain within the cast of adhesive at all times to prevent the introduction of air (see Figure 2). Draw the nozzle slowly down the centre of the mould using spacers see Figure 1 a) or a U-shaped frame see Figure 1 b) in a continuous action without lifting the nozzle from the bottom of the
48、mould or stopping the flow of adhesive (see Figure 3). NOTE 2It is recommended that the nozzle is kept at an angle of approximately 30 to the plate (see Figure 2). The height of the dispensed adhesive shall be greater than the spacer thickness. 5.4.2 Free-flowing adhesives Where the components have
49、been mixed by a static mixer or other mixing equipment, follow the procedure described in 5.4.1 but using a continuous-frame mould see Figure 1 c). In this case, ensure that the volume of the adhesive is smaller than the volume of the mould cavity. For long working life adhesives where the components have been mixed and subsequently vacuum degassed, the adhesive shall be degassed in a container with a lip to aid the pouring of the adhesive into the continuous-frame mould. Ensure that the volume of the adhesive is smaller than the volume of
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