BS-ISO-7004-2002.pdf
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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 7004:2002 Photography Industrial radiographic films Determination of ISO speed, ISO average gradient and ISO gradients G2 and G4 when exposed to X- and gamma-radiation ICS 37.040.25 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled
2、 Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 7004:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 16 October 2002 BSI 16 October 2002 ISBN 0 5
3、80 40553 2 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 7004:2002 and implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS ISO 7004:1987 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CPW/42, Photography, which has the respo
4、nsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International
5、Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Sta
6、ndard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and Europ
7、ean developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the d
8、ocument was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 7004:2002(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7004 Second edition 2002-10-01 Photography Indust
9、rial radiographic films Determination of ISO speed, ISO average gradient and ISO gradients G2 and G4 when exposed to X- and gamma-radiation Photographie Films pour radiographie industrielle Dtermination de la sensibilit ISO, du contraste moyen ISO et des contrastes ISO G2 et G4 aprs exposition des r
10、ayons X ou gamma BS ISO 7004:2002 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 7004:2002 ii Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS:4007 O2002(E) I SO 2002 All i
11、rthgs ersedevr iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction. v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Sampling and storage. 3 5 Method of test 3 5.1 Principle . 3 5.2 Safelights . 3 5.3 Exposure 3 5.4 Processing. 5 5.5 Densitometry . 5 5.6 Evaluation 6 6 Product classification
12、. 6 6.1 Speed calculation 6 6.2 Average gradient calculation. 9 6.3 Point gradient determination . 9 6.4 Uncertainty. 10 7 Marking and labelling 10 7.1 ISO speed. 10 7.2 ISO average gradient 10 7.3 ISO gradients G2 and G4 11 7.4 General. 11 Annex A (informative) Units of measured energy . 12 Annex B
13、 (informative) Scattered radiation measurement 13 Annex C (informative) Calibration of ionization chambers 14 Annex D (informative) Improvement of the reproducibility of measurement of X-radiation. 15 Annex E (informative) Derivation of the relationship used in the determination of G2 and G4 . 16 An
14、nex F (informative) Radiation quality code17 Bibliography 18 BS ISO 7004:2002 iii Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS:4007 O2002(E) vi I SO 2002 All irthgs ersedevr Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardizat
15、ion) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be r
16、epresented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards
17、 are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies castin
18、g a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 7004 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42
19、, Photography. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 7004:1987), of which it constitutes a technical revision. Annexes A to F of this International Standard are for information only. BS ISO 7004:2002 iv Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:32 GMT+00:
20、00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS:4007 O2002(E) I SO 2002 All irthgs ersedevr v Introduction This International Standard specifies methods for measuring the ISO speed, ISO average gradient and ISO gradients G2 and G4 of industrial radiographic film systems when exposed directly to X- and -radia
21、tion. Many countries have had national standards relating to this subject for many years and may provide values which are different from those obtained by following the procedure specified in this International Standard. Because the photographic characteristics of a film system are dependent on the
22、energy distribution in the wavelength spectrum, four representative sources are specified for determining sensitometric characteristics. To minimize the differences between national standards and this International Standard, the minimum requirements for X-ray tubes and X-ray generators have been con
23、sidered mandatory and have been clearly specified in the subclause on radiation quality (5.3.3). This International Standard imposes limiting specifications on the thickness of the metallic screens often used in conjunction with the film as specified in the basic rules for good radiographic practice
24、 in ISO 5579. Photographic results are also dependent on the chemical process used to develop the film. This International Standard does not attempt to specify the processing method; therefore, when ISO speed or ISO gradient values are given for a film system, it is necessary to specify not only the
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