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1、BS ISO 80000-7:2008 ICS 01.060 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BRITISH STANDARD Quantities and units Part 7: Light Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 02/02/2009 03:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard was publish
2、ed under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 200 BSI 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 54867 3 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication DateComments BS ISO 80000-7:2008 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 80000-7:2008. It supersedes
3、BS ISO 31-6:1992 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee SS/7, General metrology, quantities, units and symbols. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purpo
4、rt to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. 9 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 02/02/2009 03:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c
5、) BSI BS ISO 80000-7:2008 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 80000-7 First edition 2008-11-15 Reference number ISO 80000-7:2008(E) ISO 2008 Quantities and units Part 7: Light Grandeurs et units Partie 7: Lumire Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 02/02/2009 03:37, Uncontrolle
6、d Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 80000-7:2008 ISO 80000-7:2008(E) ii ISO 2008 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are lice
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9、to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocop
10、ying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzer
11、land Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 02/02/2009 03:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 80000-7:2008 ISO 80000-7:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction. vi 1Scope 1 2Normative references 1 3Names, symbols and definitions 1
12、 Bibliography 44 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 02/02/2009 03:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 80000-7:2008 ISO 80000-7:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of nat
13、ional standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Interna
14、tional organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the r
15、ules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by a
16、t least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 80000-7 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO
17、/TC 12, Quantities, units, symbols, conversion factors in cooperation with IEC/TC 25, Quantities and units, and their letter symbols. This first edition of ISO 80000-7 cancels and replaces the third edition of ISO 31-6:1992. It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 31-6:1992/Amd.1:1998. The major tech
18、nical changes from the previous standard are the following: the presentation of numerical statements has been changed; 0.5.3 Photopic quantities, 0.5.4 Scotopic quantities and 0.5.5 Values have been added; the normative references have been changed; new items have been added and denoted by dash (see
19、 0.1); the order and the definitions of luminous terms have been changed to bring the presentation more in line with the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary. ISO 80000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Quantities and units: Part 1: General Part 2: Mathematical signs and
20、symbols to be used in the natural sciences and technology Part 3: Space and time Part 4: Mechanics Part 5: Thermodynamics Part 7: Light Part 8: Acoustics Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics Part 10: Atomic and nuclear physics Part 11: Characteristic numbers Part 12: Solid state physics
21、Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 02/02/2009 03:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 80000-7:2008 ISO 80000-7:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved v IEC 80000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Quantities and units: Part 6: Electromagnetism Pa
22、rt 13: Information science and technology Part 14: Telebiometrics related to human physiology Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 02/02/2009 03:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 80000-7:2008 ISO 80000-7:2008(E) vi ISO 2008 All rights reserved Introduction 0.1Arran
23、gements of the tables The tables of quantities and units in this International Standard are arranged so that the quantities are presented on the left-hand pages and the units on the corresponding right-hand pages. All units between two full lines on the right-hand pages belong to the quantities betw
24、een the corresponding full lines on the left-hand pages. Where the numbering of an item has been changed in the revision of a part of ISO 31, the number in the preceding edition is shown in parenthesis on the left-hand page under the new number for the quantity; a dash is used to indicate that the i
25、tem in question did not appear in the preceding edition. 0.2Tables of quantities The names in English and in French of the most important quantities within the field of this International Standard are given together with their symbols and, in most cases, their definitions. These names and symbols ar
26、e recommendations. The definitions are given for identification of the quantities in the International System of Quantities (ISQ), listed on the left hand pages of the table; they are not intended to be complete. The scalar, vector or tensor character of quantities is pointed out, especially when th
27、is is needed for the definitions. In most cases only one name and only one symbol for the quantity are given; where two or more names or two or more symbols are given for one quantity and no special distinction is made, they are on an equal footing. When two types of italic letters exist (for exampl
28、e as with and ; and ; a and ; g and ) only one of these is given. This does not mean that the other is not equally acceptable. It is recommended that such variants should not be given different meanings. A symbol within parenthesis implies that it is a reserve symbol, to be used when, in a particula
29、r context, the main symbol is in use with a different meaning. In this English edition, the quantity names in French are printed in an italic font, and are preceded by fr. The gender of the French name is indicated by (m) for masculine and (f) for feminine, immediately after the noun in the French n
30、ame. 0.3Tables of units 0.3.1General The names of units for the corresponding quantities are given together with the international symbols and the definitions. These unit names are language-dependent, but the symbols are international and the same in all languages. For further information, see the S
31、I Brochure (8th edition 2006) from BIPM and ISO 80000-11). The units are arranged in the following way. a)The coherent SI units are given first. The SI units have been adopted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (Confrence Gnrale des Poids et Mesures, CGPM). The use of coherent SI unit
32、s, 1)To be published. ag Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 02/02/2009 03:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 80000-7:2008 ISO 80000-7:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved vii and their decimal multiples and submultiples formed with the SI prefixes are recommended,
33、 although the decimal multiples and submultiples are not explicitly mentioned. b)Some non-SI units are then given, being those accepted by the International Committee for Weights and Measures (Comit International des Poids et Mesures, CIPM), or by the International Organization of Legal Metrology (O
34、rganisation Internationale de Mtrologie Lgale, OIML), or by ISO and IEC, for use with the SI. Such units are separated from the SI units in the item by use of a broken line between the SI units and the other units. c)Non-SI units currently accepted by the CIPM for use with the SI are given in small
35、print (smaller than the text size) in the “Conversion factors and remarks” column. d)Non-SI units that are not recommended are given only in annexes in some parts of this International Standard. These annexes are informative, in the first place for the conversion factors, and are not integral parts
36、of the standard. These deprecated units are arranged in two groups: 1)units in the CGS system with special names; 2)units based on the foot, pound, second, and some other related units. e)Other non-SI units given for information, especially regarding the conversion factors, are given in another info
37、rmative annex. 0.3.2Remark on units for quantities of dimension one, or dimensionless quantities The coherent unit for any quantity of dimension one, also called a dimensionless quantity, is the number one, symbol 1. When the value of such a quantity is expressed, the unit symbol 1 is generally not
38、written out explicitly. EXAMPLE 1Refractive index Prefixes shall not be used to form multiples or submultiples of this unit. Instead of prefixes, powers of 10 are recommended. EXAMPLE 2Reynolds number Considering that plane angle is generally expressed as the ratio of two lengths and solid angle as
39、the ratio of two areas, in 1995 the CGPM specified that, in the SI, the radian, symbol rad, and steradian, symbol sr, are dimensionless derived units. This implies that the quantities plane angle and solid angle are considered as derived quantities of dimension one. The units radian and steradian ar
40、e thus equal to one; they may either be omitted, or they may be used in expressions for derived units to facilitate distinction between quantities of different kind but having the same dimension. 0.4Numerical statements in this International Standard The sign is used to denote “is exactly equal to”,
41、 the sign is used to denote “is approximately equal to”, and the sign is used to denote “is by definition equal to”. Numerical values of physical quantities that have been experimentally determined always have an associated measurement uncertainty. This uncertainty should always be specified. In thi
42、s International Standard, the magnitude of the uncertainty is represented as in the following example. EXAMPLE In this example, , the numerical value of the uncertainty indicated in parentheses is assumed to apply to the last (and least significant) digits of the numerical value of the length . This
43、 notation is used when represents the standard uncertainty (estimated standard deviation) in the last digits of . The numerical example given above may be interpreted to mean that the best estimate of the numerical value of the length (when is expressed in the unit metre) is and that the unknown val
44、ue of is believed to lie between and with a probability determined by the standard uncertainty and the normal probability distribution of the values of . n =1,531=1,53 Re =1,32103 = := l =2,347 82(32)m l = a(b)mb al ba l l2,347 82l (2,347 820,000 32) m(2,347 82+0,000 32) m 0,000 32 ml Licensed Copy:
45、 London South Bank University, South Bank University, 02/02/2009 03:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 80000-7:2008 ISO 80000-7:2008(E) viii ISO 2008 All rights reserved 0.5Special remarks 0.5.1Quantities ISO 80000-7 contains a selection of quantities pertaining to light and other electromagnetic
46、 radiation. “Radiant” quantities relating to radiation in general may be useful for the whole range of electromagnetic radiations, whereas “luminous” quantities pertain only to visible light. In several cases, the same symbol is used for a trio of corresponding radiant, luminous and photon quantitie
47、s with the understanding that subscripts e for energetics, v for visible and p for photon will be added whenever confusion between these quantities might otherwise occur. For ionizing radiations, however, see ISO 80000-10. Systematically, different fonts are used to distinguish between italic “vee”
48、for speed and Greek “nu” for frequency. Several of the quantities in ISO 80000-7 can be defined for monochromatic light, i.e. light of a single frequency only. They are denoted by their reference quantity as an argument like . An example is speed of light in a medium or the refractive index in a med
49、ium . Some of those quantities are fractions of a quantity corresponding to the light with wavelength in the interval , divided by the range of that interval. These quantities are called spectral quantities and are denoted by subscript .They are additive so that the integral yields the overall quantity, e.g. radiance (item 7-15). Instead of frequency , other reference quantities of light may be used: angular frequency , wavelength , wavelength in vacuum , wavenumber in medium , wavenumber in vacuum , etc. A
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