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1、BS EN ISO 1924-2:2008 ICS 85.060 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BRITISH STANDARD Paper and board Determination of tensile properties Part 2: Constant rate of elongation method (20 mm/min) (ISO 1924-2:2008) Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/20
2、09 08:23, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2009 BSI 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 58756 6 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication DateComments BS EN ISO 1924-2:2008 National foreword This Bri
3、tish Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 1924-2:2008. It supersedes BS EN ISO 1924:1995 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps. A list of organizations represented on this committee c
4、an be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. -2 Licensed CopyChinese University
5、 of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:23, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 1924-2 December 2008 ICS 85.060Supersedes EN ISO 1924-2:1995 English Version Paper and board - Determination of tensile properties - Part 2: Constant rate of elongation method (20 mm/
6、min) (ISO 1924- 2:2008) Papier et carton - Dtermination des proprits de traction - Partie 2: Mthode gradient dallongement constant (20 mm/min) (ISO 1924-2:2008) Papier und Pappe - Bestimmung von Eigenschaften bei Zugbeanspruchung - Teil 2: Verfahren mit konstanter Dehngeschwindigkeit (20 mm/min) (IS
7、O 1924-2:2008) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 November 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bib
8、liographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibilit
9、y of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, I
10、reland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marni
11、x 17, B-1000 Brussels 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 1924-2:2008: E Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:23, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 1924-2:2008 EN ISO 1924-2:2008 (E) 3
12、Foreword This document (EN ISO 1924-2:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6 “Paper, board and pulps“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 172 “Pulp, paper and board“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national
13、 standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
14、 CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 1924-2:1995. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standa
15、rd: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. E
16、ndorsement notice The text of ISO 1924-2:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 1924-2:2008 without any modification. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:23, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 1924-2:2008 ISO 1924-2:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page
17、Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions.2 4 Principle2 5 Apparatus.3 6 Calibration and adjustment of apparatus .4 7 Sampling and preparation of test pieces4 7.1 Sampling.4 7.2 Conditioning 4 7.3 Preparation of test pieces.5 8 Procedure.5 9 Calculation and
18、report 6 9.1 General .6 9.2 Tensile strength.6 9.3 Tensile index6 9.4 Strain at break6 9.5 Tensile energy absorption7 9.6 Tensile energy absorption index .7 9.7 Modulus of elasticity.7 10 Precision.8 10.1 General .8 10.2 Repeatability 8 10.3 Reproducibility 8 11 Test report10 Annex A (normative) Cal
19、ibration of the tensile testing machine.11 Bibliography12 Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:23, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 1924-2:2008 ISO 1924-2:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwi
20、de federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on tha
21、t committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in a
22、ccordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard re
23、quires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 1924-2 was prepared by Tech
24、nical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2, Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 1924-2:1994), which has been technically revised with respect to terms and definitions (in order to be in
25、line with the terms and definitions used in ISO 1924-31). The numbering of clauses and their contents have been changed to be congruent with ISO 1924-3. ISO 1924 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paper and board Determination of tensile properties1): Part 2: Constant rate of e
26、longation method (20 mm/min) Part 3: Constant rate of elongation method (100 mm/min) 1) ISO 1924-1, Constant rate of loading method, was withdrawn in 2004 as it was considered obsolete. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:23, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 1924-2:2008 I
27、SO 1924-2:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved v Introduction The method for determination of tensile properties specified in this part of ISO 1924 is the one most commonly used. It is related to the method specified in ISO 1924-3. In this part of ISO 1924 (ISO 1924-2), the constant rate of elongati
28、on applied is 20 mm/min, whereas in ISO 1924-3, the constant rate of elongation applied is 100 mm/min. Since the results of a tensile test depend on the rate of elongation applied, this part of ISO 1924 and ISO 1924-3 will not give the same results. The rate dependence can vary according to paper gr
29、ade and is different for tensile strength, strain at break, tensile energy absorption and modulus of elasticity. NOTE 1 In most cases, the tensile properties can increase by 5 % to 15 % when the rate of elongation is increased from 20 mm/min (180 mm test span length) to 100 mm/min (100 mm test span
30、length). NOTE 2 In this part of ISO 1924, the same terminology and symbols are used as in ISO 1924-3 and in general literature concerning materials physics and mechanics. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:23, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 1924-2:2008 Licensed CopyChi
31、nese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:23, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 1924-2:2008 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1924-2:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1 Paper and board Determination of tensile properties Part 2: Constant rate of elongation method (20 mm/min) 1 Scope This part of IS
32、O 1924 specifies a method for measuring the tensile strength, strain at break and tensile energy absorption of paper and board, using a testing machine operating at a constant rate of elongation (20 mm/min). This part of ISO 1924 also specifies equations for calculating the tensile index, the tensil
33、e energy absorption index and the modulus of elasticity. Testing in conformance with this part of ISO 1924 always includes the measurement of tensile strength. Measurement or calculation of other properties is subject to agreement between the parties concerned. This part of ISO 1924 is applicable to
34、 all papers and boards, including papers with a high strain at break if the results are within the capacity of the testing machine. It also applies to the components of corrugated board but not, however, to corrugated board itself. This part of ISO 1924 is not applicable to tissue paper and tissue p
35、roducts for which ISO 12625-42 is applicable. For the determination of tensile properties of laboratory sheets, ISO 52703 is recommended. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited app
36、lies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average quality ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere
37、and conditioning of samples ISO 534, Paper and board Determination of thickness, density and specific volume ISO 536, Paper and board Determination of grammage Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:23, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 1924-2:2008 ISO 1924-2:2008(E) 2 ISO 20
38、08 All rights reserved 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 tensile strength maximum tensile force per unit width that paper and board will withstand before breaking under the conditions defined in this International Standard 3.2 t
39、ensile index tensile strength divided by the grammage 3.3 elongation increase in length of a test piece NOTE Elongation is expressed in millimetres. 3.4 strain ratio of the elongation of a test piece to the initial test length NOTE 1 Strain is expressed as a percentage of the initial test length. NO
40、TE 2 The initial test length of the test piece is the same as the initial span between the clamping lines. 3.5 strain at break ratio of the measured elongation at the moment of rupture of a test piece of paper, when extended under the conditions defined in the standard method of test, to the initial
41、 test length 3.6 tensile energy absorption amount of energy per unit surface area of a test piece when it is strained to the maximum tensile force NOTE Surface area is calculated as test length multiplied by width. 3.7 tensile energy absorption index tensile energy absorption divided by the grammage
42、 3.8 modulus of elasticity maximum slope of the force-elongation curve multiplied by the initial length divided by the width and the thickness of the test piece NOTE See also Figure 2. 4 Principle A test piece of given dimensions is strained to break at a constant rate of elongation using a testing
43、machine that records both the tensile force and, if required, the elongation. If the tensile force and elongation are continuously recorded, the strain at break, the tensile energy absorption and the modulus of elasticity may be determined. From the recorded data, and the knowledge of the grammage o
44、f the sample, the tensile index and the tensile energy absorption index may be calculated. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:23, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 1924-2:2008 ISO 1924-2:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3 5 Apparatus 5.1 Tensile testing machine, desig
45、ned to extend a test piece of given dimensions at an appropriate constant rate of elongation (20 mm/min), and to measure the tensile force and, if required, the elongation produced. The tensile testing machine includes means of measuring and indicating the tensile force to an accuracy of 1 % of the
46、true force and, if required, the elongation to an accuracy of 0,1 % elongation. The tensile force may be recorded as a function of the elongation on an electronic integrator or an equivalent device. NOTE 1 The accuracy of measurement of elongation is very important. An appropriate extensometer, plac
47、ed directly on the test piece, is recommended for accurate measurement of true elongation (see ISO 9513, class 1 or class 0,5). This is to avoid the possibility of including in the measurement any apparent elongation which can result from undetected slippage of the test piece in the clamps or from t
48、he take-up in the joints of the apparatus. The latter is dependent upon the load applied and the error can increase due to wear of the joints of an apparatus which has been in use for some time. It is advisable that means be applied to limit additional loads, which an extensometer would apply to the
49、 test piece, to the required accuracy of the tensile force. The tensile testing machine also includes two clamps, for holding a test piece of the required width (see 7.3). Each clamp shall be designed to grip the test piece firmly, but without damage or slippage, along a straight line across the full width of the test piece and have a means of adjusting the clamping force. The clamping surfaces of the clamps shall be in the same plane and so aligned that they hold the test piece in that plane throughout the test. NOTE
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