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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 9220:1995 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Metallic coatings Measurement of coating thickness Scanning electron microscope method The European Standard EN ISO 9220:1994 has the status of a British Standard Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 18 02:22:20 GMT+00
2、:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 9220:1995 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Surface Coatings (other than Paints) Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 29 September 1989 BSI 03-200
3、0 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference SRC/14 Draft for comment 87/53727 DC ISBN 0 580 17640 1 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Surface Coatings (other than Paints) Standard
4、s Policy Committee (SRC/-) to Technical Committee SRC/14, upon which the following bodies were represented: Aluminium Federation Association of Manufacturers of Domestic Electrical Appliances Association of Metal Sprayers British Anodising Association British Industrial Fasteners Federation British
5、Jewellers Association British Telecommunications plc Department of Trade and Industry (National Physical Laboratory) Institute of Metal Finishing Institution of Corrosion Science and Technology Metal Finishing Association Ministry of Defence NDT Trade Association Society of Motor Manufacturers and T
6、raders Limited Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments 8499April 1995Indicated by a sideline in the margin Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 18 02:22:20 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 9220:1995 BSI 03-2000i Contents Page Committees re
7、sponsibleInside front cover National forewordii Foreword2 1Scope3 2Normative references3 3Definition3 4Principle3 5Instrumentation3 6Factors influencing the measurement results3 7Preparation of cross-sections4 8Calibration of instruments4 9Procedure5 10Measurement uncertainty5 11Expression of result
8、s5 12Test report5 Annex A (informative) General guidance on the preparation and measurement of cross-sections6 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their relevant European publications9 Publications referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheff
9、ieldun, na, Sat Nov 18 02:22:20 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 9220:1995 ii BSI 03-2000 National foreword This Part of BS 5411 has been prepared under the direction of the Surface Coatings (other than Paints) Standards Policy Committee. It is identical with ISO 9220:1988 “Metal
10、lic coatings Measurement of coating thickness Scanning electron microscope method”, which was prepared by Technical Committee 107, Metallic and other non-organic coatings, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), with the active participation and approval of the UK. In 1994 the E
11、uropean Committee for Standardization (CEN) accepted ISO 9220:1989 as European Standard EN ISO 9220:1994. As a consequence of implementing the European Standard this British Standard is renumbered as BS EN ISO 9220 and any reference to BS 5411-16 should be read as a reference to BS EN ISO 9220. Othe
12、r Parts of BS 5411 have been published as follows: Part 1: Definitions and conventions concerning the measurement of thickness; Part 2: Review of methods of measurement of thickness; Part 3: Eddy current method for measurement of coating thickness of non-conductive coatings on non-magnetic basis met
13、als; Part 4: Coulometric method for the measurement of coating thickness; Part 5: Measurement of local thickness of metal and oxide coatings by the microscopical examination of cross-sections; Part 6: Vickers and Knoop microhardness tests; Part 7: Profilometric method for measurement of coating thic
14、kness; Part 8: Measurement of coating thickness of metallic coatings: X-ray spectrometric methods1); Part 9: Measurement of coating thickness of electrodeposited nickel coatings on magnetic and non-magnetic substrates: magnetic method; Part 10: Review of methods available for testing adhesion of ele
15、ctrodeposited and chemically deposited metallic coatings on metallic substrates; Part 11: Measurement of coating thickness of non-magnetic metallic and vitreous or porcelain enamel coatings on magnetic basis metals: magnetic method; Part 12: Beta backscatter method for measurement of thickness; Part
16、 13: Chromate conversion coatings on zinc and cadmium; Part 14: Gravimetric method for determination of coating mass per unit area of conversion coatings on metallic materials; Part 15: Review of methods of measurement of ductility. 1) Withdrawn. Cross-references International StandardCorresponding
17、British Standard BS 5411 Methods of test for metallic and related coatings ISO 1463:1982aPart 5:1984 Measurement of local thickness of metal and oxide coatings by the microscopical examination of cross-sections (Identical) ISO 2064:1980Part 1:1980 Definitions and conventions concerning the measureme
18、nt of thickness (Identical) a Referred to for information only. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 18 02:22:20 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 9220:1995 BSI 03-2000iii Additional information. For clarity, read 8.3.2 as “Repeat the measurement at three or more di
19、fferent locations a minimum of 3 mm apart on the photograph to determine the average spacing.” ISO 1463 is not a normative reference, but appears under that heading. This Part describes methods of test only and should not be used or quoted as a specification. Reference to this Part should state that
20、 the method of test used is in accordance with BS 5411-16. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from l
21、egal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, the EN ISO title page, pages 2 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indi
22、cated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 18 02:22:20 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 18 02:22:20 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NOR
23、ME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 9220 October 1994 ICS 25.220.40 Descriptors: Coatings, metal coatings, tests, determination, thickness, thickness measurement English version Metallic coatings Measurement of coating thickness Scanning electron microscope method (ISO 9220:1988) Revtements mtalliqu
24、es Mesurage de lpaisseur de revtement Mthode au microscope lectronique balayage (ISO 9220:1988) Metallische berzge Messung der Schichtdicke Verfahren mit Rasterelektronenmikroskop (ISO 9220:1988) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-10-26. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/C
25、ENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to an
26、y CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. C
27、EN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Eu
28、ropisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1994 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN ISO 9220:1994 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 18 02:22:20 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 9220:1994 BSI 03-2000 2 Foreword
29、This European Standard was taken over by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 262, Protection of metallic materials against corrosion, from the work of ISO/TC 107, Metallic and other inorganic coatings, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). CEN/TC 262 had decided to submit the final
30、 draft for formal vote. The result was positive. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 1995, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 1995. Acco
31、rding to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. NOTENorma
32、tive references to international publications are listed in Annex ZA (normative). Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 18 02:22:20 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 9220:1994 BSI 03-20003 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for the measurement of the
33、 local thickness of metallic coatings by examination of cross-sections with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is destructive and has an uncertainty of less than 10 % or 0,1 4m, whichever is greater. It can be used for thicknesses up to several millimetres, but it is usually more practical to
34、use a light microscope (ISO 1463) when applicable. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject t
35、o revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards listed below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 1463:1982, Metallic a
36、nd oxide coatings Measurement of coating thickness Microscopical method. ISO 2064:1980, Metallic and other non-organic coatings Definitions and conventions concerning the measurement of thickness. 3 Definition For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definition applies. local t
37、hickness the mean of the thickness measurements, of which a specified number is made within a reference area (See ISO 2064.) 4 Principle A test specimen is cut, ground, and polished from a cross-section of the coating for metallographic examination by a scanning electron microscope. The measurement
38、is made on a conventional micrograph or on a photograph of the video waveform signal for a single scan across the coating. 5 Instrumentation 5.1 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) The SEM shall have a resolution capability of 50 nm or better. Suitable instruments are available commercially. 5.2 SEM
39、stage micrometer A stage micrometer or graticule is required for calibration of the magnification of the SEM. The stage micrometer or graticule shall have an uncertainty of less than 5 % for the magnification employed. Suitable stage micrometers or graticules are available commercially. 6 Factors in
40、fluencing the measurement results The following factors may affect the accuracy of a measurement of coating thickness. 6.1 Surface roughness If the coating or its substrate is rough relative to the coating thickness, one or both of the interfaces bounding the coating cross-section may be too irregul
41、ar to permit accurate measurement of the average thickness in the field of view. 6.2 Taper of cross-section If the plane of the cross-section is not perpendicular to the plane of the coating, the measured thickness will be greater than the true thickness. For example, an inclination of 10 to the per
42、pendicular will contribute a 1,5 % error. 6.3 Specimen tilt Any tilt of the specimen (plane of cross-section) with respect to the SEM beam may result in an inaccurate measurement. NOTEIf the tilt of the test specimen is different from that used for calibration, inaccuracies may result. 6.4 Coating d
43、eformation Detrimental deformation of the coating can be caused by excessive temperature or pressure during the mounting and preparation of cross-sections of soft coatings or coatings that melt at low temperatures, and by excessive abrasion of brittle materials during preparation of cross-sections.
44、6.5 Rounding of edges of the coating If the edge of the coating cross-section is rounded, i.e. if the coating cross-section is not completely flat up to its edges, the observed thickness may differ from the true thickness. Edge rounding can be caused by improper mounting, grinding, polishing, or etc
45、hing (see 6.6 and clause A.1). 6.6 Overplating Overplating of the test specimen serves to protect the coating edges during preparation of cross-sections and thus to prevent an inaccurate measurement. Removal of the coating material during surface preparation for overplating can cause a low thickness
46、 measurement. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 18 02:22:20 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 9220:1994 4 BSI 03-2000 6.7 Etching Optimum etching will produce a clearly defined and narrow dark line at the interface between the two metals. A wide or poorly defined li
47、ne can result in an inaccurate measurement. 6.8 Smearing Polishing may leave smeared metal that obscures the true boundary between two metals and results in an inaccurate measurement. This may occur with soft metals like lead, indium, and gold. To help identify whether or not there is smearing, repe
48、at the polishing, etching, and measurement several times. Any significant variation in readings is an indication of possible smearing. 6.9 Poor contrast The visual contrast between metals in an SEM is poor when their atomic numbers are close together. For example, bright and semi-bright nickel layer
49、s may not be discriminable unless their common boundary can be brought out sufficiently by appropriate etching and SEM techniques. For some metal combinations, energy dispersive X-ray techniques (see A.3.5) or backscatter images (see A.3.6) can be helpful. 6.10 Magnification For a given coating thickness, measurement errors tend to increase with decreasing magnification. If practical, the magnification should be chosen so that the field of view is between 1,5 and 3 times the coating thickness. The magnif
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