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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 14963:2003 Mechanical vibration and shock Guidelines for dynamic tests and investigations on bridges and viaducts ICS 17.160; 93.040 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:34:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 14963:2003 This British Sta
2、ndard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 14 July 2005 BSI 14 July 2005 ISBN 0 580 46145 9 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 14963:2003 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation
3、 was entrusted by Technical Committee GME/21, Mechanical vibration and shock, to Subcommittee GME/21/3, Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration and shock, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.
4、 Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British
5、 Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present t
6、o the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside fr
7、ont cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 27 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 2
8、6 04:34:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 14963:2003(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14963 First edition 2003-12-01 Mechanical vibration and shock Guidelines for dynamic tests and investigations on bridges and viaducts Vibrations et chocs mcaniques Lignes directrices p
9、our essais et tudes dynamiques sur ponts et viaducs BS ISO 14963:2003 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:34:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:34:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iii Contents
10、Page Forewordiv Introduction v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references .1 3 Terms and definitions.1 4 Classification.2 4.1 General.2 4.2 Type of superstructure.2 4.3 Static design, methods of construction and substructure.2 4.4 Function classification.4 5 General criteria for testing.4 5.1 General.4 5.2 Cho
11、ice of test techniques 5 5.3 Choice of excitation methods5 5.4 Choice of response measuring system5 6 Testing equipment6 6.1 Excitation equipment6 6.2 Measurement equipment6 6.3 Control, acquisition and analysis systems6 7 Techniques of investigation.7 7.1 General considerations7 7.2 Tests using art
12、ificial excitation .7 7.3 Ambient natural actions.8 8 Testing and inspection.9 8.1 General.9 8.2 Testing during construction (interim inspection)9 8.3 Testing the completed construction.11 8.4 Investigation and controls during operation12 8.5 Monitoring12 9 Final report.13 9.1 General.13 9.2 Test de
13、sign 14 9.3 Test report15 9.4 Analysis of results and conclusions.15 Annex A (informative) Excitation systems and their specification .16 Annex B (informative) Measurement equipment and its specification.22 Bibliography .26 BS ISO 14963:2003 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:
14、34:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Ea
15、ch member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Internatio
16、nal Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standar
17、ds adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
18、of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14963 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration and shock, Subcommittee SC 2, Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration and shock as applied to machines, vehicle
19、s and structures. BS ISO 14963:2003 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:34:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI v Introduction Dynamic investigations can contribute to the control of structures through the measurement, interpretation and reporting of their response to
20、dynamic excitation. The design of the tests should correspond to the specific purposes of the investigation and the type of structure. The measurements usually lead to a characterization of the dynamic behaviour of the whole bridge, including foundations, or local structural elements in the frequenc
21、y and/or time domain. This International Standard is for use with permanent design, temporary works, construction and maintenance of bridges and viaducts as defined. Dynamic tests may be undertaken with the objective of ? evaluating the safety of bridge structures under construction, ? confirming af
22、ter construction the values used in design, ? evaluating dynamic characteristics to be used in wind and earthquake analysis and for live loading, ? monitoring of real bridges in-service and detecting any damage, ? confirming reinforcement effects on bridges, ? bridge diagnosis under an emergency, an
23、d ? diagnostic testing as a basis for condition monitoring. Dynamic investigation may be used as part of the design process (design by testing) for new construction or for maintenance and rehabilitation management. BS ISO 14963:2003 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:34:41 GMT
24、+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:34:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 1 Mechanical vibration and shock Guidelines for dynamic tests and investigations on bridges and viaducts 1 Scope This International Standard provid
25、es guidelines for dynamic tests and investigations on bridges and viaducts. It ? classifies the testing as a function of construction and usage, ? indicates the types of investigation and control for individual structural parts and whole structures, ? lists the equipment required for excitation and
26、measurement, and ? classifies the techniques of investigation with reference to suitable methods for signal processing, data presentation and reporting. This International Standard provides general criteria for dynamic tests. These can supply information on the dynamic behaviour of a structure that
27、can serve as a basis for condition monitoring or system identification. The dynamic tests detailed in this International Standard do not replace static tests. The tests may seek to define all of the dynamic characteristics of each mode of vibration examined (i.e. frequency, stiffness, mode shape and
28、 damping) and their non-linear variation with amplitude of motion. This International Standard is applicable to road, rail and pedestrian bridges and viaducts (both during construction and operation) and also to other works (or types of works), provided that their particular structure justifies its
29、application. The application of this International Standard to special structures (stayed or suspension bridges) requires specific tests which take into account the particular characteristics of the work. NOTE Hereinafter in this International Standard, the term “bridges” means “bridges and viaducts
30、”. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2041, Vibration and
31、 shock Vocabulary 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041 apply. BS ISO 14963:2003 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:34:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 14963:2003 2 4Classification 4.1General
32、The dynamic behaviour of bridges is highly influenced by the type of superstructure, static design and construction method, deck cross-section, support conditions, foundation type and elevation substructures (piers and abutments). Since these characteristics need to be considered in dynamic tests, a
33、 classification of bridges is given in 4.2 to 4.4. This classification aids the proper reporting of measurements. 4.2 Type of superstructure The main categories of bridge deck with respect to the superstructure material are the following: a) reinforced concrete bridge decks (either in situ or precas
34、t); b) prestressed concrete bridge decks (either in situ or precast); pretensioned or post-tensioned, or combined pre- and post-tensioned units are generally used; c) steel bridge decks (with orthotropic plate or longitudinal stiffeners); d) composite steel beam and concrete slab bridge decks; e)mas
35、onry bridges; f) new materials (e.g. fibre reinforced concrete, fibre reinforced plastic). 4.3 Static design, methods of construction and substructure 4.3.1Static design The static design and the support conditions influence the dynamic behaviour of the structure and they should be taken into accoun
36、t in programming the tests. With respect to static design, bridges can be classified as follows: a) single-span bridges or bridges with simply supported independent spans; b) viaducts with spans resting with their extremities supported and suitably constrained, yet independent in every span; c) mult
37、i-span continuous bridges, generally with significant variations in the longitudinal flexural rigidity along the span; d) a statically determinant Gerber-type continuous span; the longitudinal profile can be of constant or variable cross section; e)framed bridges; f)arch bridges; g)truss bridges; h)
38、 prefabricated modular bridges; i) tubular steel arch bridges. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:34:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 14963:2003 3 4.3.2 Methods of construction Bridges are generally erected using different construction methods that may effe
39、ct both global dynamic behaviour and the theoretical modelling of the structure. As an example, some common construction methods are the following: ? in-situ construction with precast concrete or steel beams and concrete (in-situ or precast) slab; ? precast segmental or staging construction. Further
40、more, strengthening or retrofit effects need to be considered in the test design. 4.3.3 Type of deck cross-section The main categories of bridge deck cross-section are as follows: ? slab on girder cross-sections with steel or concrete girder (usually connected by means of transverse beams); ? single
41、-cell or multi-cell box girder; ? solid or hollow slab cross-sections. 4.3.4 Type of foundation The main categories of foundations are the following: ? strip, slab or mass concrete foundations on competent soils or directly on rock; ? pile or sheet-pile foundations; ? caisson foundations. The behavi
42、our of such foundations on the ground may influence the degree of constraint of the structures (piers and abutments) and it is suggested that, whenever possible, investigation of their behaviour is undertaken during construction. 4.3.5 Piers, abutments and parapets 4.3.5.1 Piers Most pier systems co
43、nsist of the following: ? wall-type piers; ? single-column (hollow or solid, straight or tapered) piers; ? multiple-column (hollow or solid, straight or tapered) bents; ? framed piers. Other types of pier may be classified as a combination of the above main categories. 4.3.5.2 Abutments Abutment sys
44、tems generally consist of the following: ? reinforced concrete cast-in-place abutments (solid or with counterforts); ? hollow reinforced concrete cast-in-place abutments; Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:34:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 ? precast reinforced
45、 concrete abutments; ? mechanical stabilized earth abutments, e.g. soil reinforcements. 4.3.5.3 Parapets Parapet constructions are generally made of the following: ? concrete; ? masonry. 4.3.6 Special bridges Special bridges such as the following require special attention: ? skew bridges (with angle
46、 of skew ? 15); ? curved bridges (R/L ? 10); ? inclined bridges (with slope angle ? 5 %); ? cable-stayed bridges; ? suspended bridges; ? mobile bridges (e.g. swing and lifting bridges); ? floating bridges. 4.4 Function classification With respect to function, bridges may be classified as a) road bri
47、dges, b) railway bridges, c) pedestrian bridges, d) product and services bridges, or e) a combination of the above. 5 General criteria for testing 5.1 General It is advisable for investigations to be preceded by theoretical models and/or by numerical analysis to obtain the order of magnitude of valu
48、es to be measured. If similar works have already been investigated, it is reasonable to anticipate a similar order of values. This could concern a whole bridge, or elements, or structural parts. This initial analysis should supply the likely values of displacements, deformations, natural frequencies
49、, mode shapes and damping as guidelines in the choice of the following: ? investigation technique; ? excitation method (type, duration of excitation, spectral distribution); BS ISO 14963:2003 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:34:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 5 ? choice of measuring instruments; ? location of transducers and/or exciters. 5.2 Choice of test techniques The choice of the test techniques depends on many factors such
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