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1、BRITISH STANDARD MARINE SERIES BS MA 31: 1973 Specification for Ships deck machinery cargo winches UDC 629.12.01:621.863 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:16:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS MA 31:1973 This British Standard, havi
2、ng been approved by the Shipbuilding and Marine Industry Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Executive Board on 20 October 1973 BSI 02-2000 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference SME/6 Draft for comment 71/32385 ISBN 0 580 0799
3、5 3 Foreword This British Standard for cargo winches for ships has been prepared under the Authority of the Ship Building and Marine Industry Standards Committee (SME/-) and forms one of a series dealing with deck machinery for ships. The standard provides requirements for the design, construction,
4、safety, performance and acceptance testing of cargo winches for ships and is based on the ISO Standard being prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8 Shipbuilding details, of the International Organization for Standardization. Other standards in this series are: BS MA 30, Glossary of terms and graph
5、ical symbols for ships deck machinery. BS MA 32, Ships deck machinery mooring winches. BS MA 33, Ships deck machinery warping winches. BS MA 34, Ships deck machinery capstans. This standard makes reference to the following British Standards: BS 365, Galvanized steel wire rope for ships. BS 408, Ship
6、s cargo blocks. BS 1486, Lubricating nipples. BS 1486-1, Lubricating nipples and adaptors for use on machinery and vehicles. BS 1597, Radio-interference suppression on marine installations. BS 1700, Memorandum on ships derrick rigs. BS 1856, General requirements for the metal-arc welding of mild ste
7、el. BS 2949, Rotating electrical machines for use in ships. BS 3399, Transformers for use in ships. BS 6883, Elastomer insulated cables for fixed wiring in ships. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for
8、 their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated
9、 (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:16:04 GMT+00:00 2
10、006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS MA 31:1973 BSI 02-2000i Contents Page ForewordInside front cover 1Scope1 2Definitions1 3Design and construction2 4Performance5 5Acceptance test5 6Marking5 Appendix A On board tests and inspection7 Appendix B Information to be provided by the purchase7 Figure 1 Diag
11、rammatic illustration of a cargo winch1 Figure 2 Types of cargo winches2 Table 1 Design data6 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:16:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii blank Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South B
12、ank University, Sat Dec 09 02:16:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS MA 31:1973 BSI 02-20001 NOTEUsers of this British Standard, Marine Series, should note that while observing requirements of the standard they should at the same time ensure compliance with such statutory requirements,
13、rules and regulations as may be applicable to the individual ship concerned. 1 Scope This British Standard specifies requirements for the design, construction, safety, performance, acceptance testing and marking of ships electric and hydraulic cargo winches of nominal size, up to and including 16 to
14、nnes. The standard does not include requirements for the prime mover used to operate a cargo winch. 2 Definitions For the purpose of this British Standard, the terms and their definitions given in BS MA 30 apply. Terms particularly applicable to this British Standard are defined as follows: 2.1 carg
15、o winch a winch used for hoisting and lowering cargo 2.2 nominal size of cargo winch the nominal size of a cargo winch corresponds to the nominal load, that is, the safe working load, in tonnes, on the hook which the winch may hoist when rigged to a derrick with a single sheave pulley block at the d
16、errick head and a single sheave pulley block at the heel, at the design hoisting speeds V1 given in Table 1 if a cargo winch is provided with a reduction gear change, each reduction step should correspond with a nominal load NOTEThe nominal sizes of cargo winches in Table 1 have been selected from t
17、he R10 series of preferred numbers. 2.3 drum load of a winch the maximum rope tension in kilonewtons (kN) measured at the drum exit when the winch is hauling in at the design speed with the rope on the drum in a single layer. It is equivalent to 1.1 times the nominal load NOTEThe above definitions a
18、re a basis for arriving at a standard range of winches. For all other configurations of derrick rig it is necessary to allow for sheave friction as given in BS 408 and BS 1700. In all cases due allowance is to be made for the number of layers of the rope on the drum. Figure 1 Diagrammatic illustrati
19、on of a cargo winch Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:16:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS MA 31:1973 2 BSI 02-2000 3 Design and construction 3.1 Right-hand and left-hand cargo winches. Cargo winches may be designed for right-hand
20、 or left-hand operation. A winch is termed a right-hand winch in relation to an observer situated on the side of the motor, power supply or controller (in the case of a symmetrical winch) when the reduction gear or the drive for the drum is on the right-hand side of the drum. A winch is termed a lef
21、t-hand winch, in relation to an observer situated on the side of the motor, power supply or controller (in the case of a symmetrical winch) when the reduction gear or the drive for the drum is on the left-hand side of the drum. 3.2 Cargo winches with warping ends. Cargo winches may be designed with
22、or without warping ends. When warping ends are specified it shall be necessary to state: 1) whether one or two warping ends are required; 2) if only one warping end is required, at which end it is to be placed; 3) whether or not the drum is required to be declutchable. NOTESee Appendix B, Informatio
23、n to be provided by the purchaser. 3.3 Design stress levels. The stress calculations of the mechanical parts are based on: 1) the drum load on the winch, in which case the allowable stress of any part of the winch based on the simple elastic theory, shall not exceed 0.4 times the 0.2 % proof stress
24、of the material. 2) the maximum torque of the motor corresponding to the most severe working conditions, in which case the allowable stresses shall be within 0.9 of the 0.2 % proof stress of the material. Figure 2 Types of cargo winches Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank
25、University, Sat Dec 09 02:16:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS MA 31:1973 BSI 02-20003 3.4 Drum design. A safety factor of 5 shall be applied to the drum load of the winch to establish the required breaking strength of the rope. It is upon this basis that the rope diameter shall be de
26、termined and in consequence the minimum drum dimensions established in accordance with the following. 1) The drum diameter shall be not less than 18 times the diameter of the steel wire rope. For standard sizes of steel wire rope, see BS 365. 2) The drum capacity shall be sufficient to accommodate t
27、he complete length of the rope to be stored on the drum. 3) During all operating conditions the distance between the top layer of the wire rope when evenly wound on the drum and the outer edge of the drum flanges shall be at least 2.5 times the diameter of the wire rope. NOTERequirement 3) only conc
28、erns drums not fitted with special wire rope guards to prevent over spilling of the wire rope. 3.5 Brake design 3.5.1 Control brake system 3.5.1.1 Winches shall be provided with an automatic braking system which operates when bringing the operating device to zero, or to the braking position, and als
29、o when there is no power on the winch. The travel in this case shall be not more than the distance which would be covered at this speed within one second. 3.5.1.2 The control brake system shall be able during lowering to arrest a load corresponding to the nominal load of the winch, with maximum lowe
30、ring speed provided by the motor. 3.5.1.3 The control brake system shall be capable of effectively arresting and holding a load at least 1.5 times the nominal load. Means should also be provided for lowering the load in the event of power failure. NOTEFor hydraulic driven winches equipped with an au
31、tomatic brake effected by cutting off the whole oil flow from the motor when the operating device is set in the stop position, it is not necessary to provide the winch with an additional automatic brake. To eliminate the sag due to the unavoidable internal leakage in the hydraulic system, a brake (m
32、anual, electric, electro-hydraulic, pneumatic etc.) can be fitted. 3.5.2 Drum brake 3.5.2.1 Winches with a declutchable drum shall be also provided with a locking device or a holding brake on the drum. If automatic braking or holding of the declutchable drum is required, this shall be specified by t
33、he purchaser. 3.5.2.2 Brakes applied by hand shall require a force not exceeding 160 N in order to exert a braking torque at least 25 % in excess of the driving torque required to maintain the drum load. The force to be applied to a foot pedal to exert the same braking torque shall not exceed 320 N.
34、 3.5.3 Brake linings. Mechanical brakes shall be fitted with brake linings of incombustible material which shall not be unduly affected by heat and moisture. The maximum pressure on linings shall not exceed that recommended by the lining manufacturer for the particular application. 3.5.4 Emergency s
35、top. The winch shall be fitted with a quick acting local emergency stop mechanism, which when operated removes power from the winch and applies the control brake system. The emergency stop shall be located in a clearly marked and accessible position close to a remotely controlled winch and adjacent
36、to a manually controlled winch. 3.6 Control methods and movements 3.6.1 Methods of control. The methods of control shall be either manual or remote. A combination of the terms may be used to describe control methods, eg Manual/Remote. Manual control is where the cargo winch is directly controlled by
37、 an operator and there is no facility for automatic control. Remote control is where the control position is at a distance from the cargo winch being controlled. The control position may be fixed or portable. 3.6.2 Power sources. Cargo winches shall be designed for operation powered by either electr
38、ic or hydraulic drive, designated E for electric or H for hydraulic. 3.6.3 Direction of motion of the operating devices 3.6.3.1 The direction of motion of the operating devices shall be such that the load is raised by clockwise movement of a hand-wheel or crank handle, or by movement of a hand-lever
39、 towards the operator. 3.6.3.2 Whatever the form of motive power, the operating device shall be arranged to return to the braking position automatically unless otherwise specified by the purchaser. NOTEAttention is also drawn to the I.L.O. “Code of practice on safety and health in dock work ”. 3.6.3
40、.3 All control handles, handwheels and push buttons shall be clearly and permanently marked with their purpose and mode of operation, unless this is obvious from their design and purpose. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:16:04 GMT+00:00 2006, U
41、ncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS MA 31:1973 4 BSI 02-2000 3.6.3.4 The direction of rotation when raising the load shall be clearly and permanently marked on drums. 3.6.4 Handwheels. A clockwise movement shall cause the machine to raise the load and an anticlockwise movement shall cause the machine to lo
42、wer the load. If applied to a braking system a clockwise movement shall apply the brake, an anticlockwise movement shall release it. 3.6.5 Levers 3.6.5.1 The maximum travel of a control handle shall not exceed 600 mm in one direction or 300 mm each side of a central position. 3.6.5.2 Those having a
43、side to side movement shall cause the machine to raise the load when the lever is moved to the right and lower when moved to the left. If applied to a braking system, movement to the right shall apply the brake and movement to the left shall release it. 3.6.5.3 Levers having a backward-forward movem
44、ent shall cause the machine to raise the load when the handle is moved towards the operator and lower the load when moved away from the operator. When applied to a braking system a movement towards the operator shall apply the brake and a movement away from the operator shall release it. 3.6.5.4 Lev
45、ers having movements in the vertical direction shall cause the machine to lower the load when depressed and raise the load in the raised position. When applied to a brake an upward movement shall apply the brake and a downward movement shall release it. 3.6.6 Foot pedals. Foot pedal operated brakes
46、shall be applied when the pedal is depressed and released when raised. The maximum travel of the pedal shall not exceed 250 mm. 3.6.7 Push buttons 3.6.7.1 Where push buttons are fitted but where they are not associated with automatic sequential control separate push buttons shall be provided for eac
47、h motion of the deck machinery, e.g. one push button to raise the load and a separate button to lower the load. 3.6.7.2 The buttons shall be depressed to actuate the machine and when cancelled shall cause the machine to be stopped and effectively braked. 3.6.7.3 The positional relationship between c
48、ontrol push buttons shall be such as to represent the action they are to initiate, e.g. a “raise” button shall be placed above its associated “lower” button. 3.6.8 Gear levers. Gear levers, when fitted, shall be positively located in any gear position or neutral by click stops or other similar means
49、. 3.7 Construction. Materials used for construction of the winch shall be in accordance with the appropriate British Standard for the material selected to ensure compliance with 3.3. 3.7.1 Welding. All welding shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of BS 1856. 3.7.2 Access. Access openings to prime movers, reduction gearing, bearings, brakes and control mechanisms shall be provided to ensure that adequate inspection and maintenance is facilitated. 3.7.3 Lubrication. The winch shall be designed to ensure that all bearing surfaces are lub
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