BS-ISO-4037-1-1996.pdf
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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 4037-1:1996 X and gamma reference radiation for calibrating dosemeters and doserate meters and for determining their response as a function of photon energy Part 1: Radiation characteristics and production methods ICS 17.240 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov
2、 26 03:29:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 4037-1:1996 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 March 1998 BSI 10-1999 ISBN 0 580 29619 9 N
3、ational foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 4037-1:1996 and implements it as the UK national standard. In conjunction with BS ISO 4037-2:1997, it supersedes BS 5869:1980 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee NCE/2, Health
4、physics instrumentation, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European dev
5、elopments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Cat
6、alogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their
7、 correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 36 and a back cover. This standard has bee
8、n updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:29:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy
9、, (c) BSI BS ISO 4037-1:1996 BSI 10-1999i Contents Page National forewordInside front cover Forewordiv Text of ISO 4037-11 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:29:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:29:
10、57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:29:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 4037-1:1996 ii BSI 10-1999 Contents Page Forewordiii 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3Definitions1 4Continuous reference filtered X radiation
11、3 5Fluorescence X radiation9 6Gamma radiation emitted by radionuclides12 7Photon radiation with energy between eV and 9 MeV15 Annex A (informative) Bibliography35 Figure 1 Low air-kerma rate series spectra19 Figure 2 Narrow-spectrum series21 Figure 3 Wide-spectrum series23 Figure 4 High air-kerma ra
12、te series spectra24 Figure 5 Uranium spectrum26 Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a K-fluorescence X-ray installation27 Figure 7 Example of a collimated installation28 Figure 8 Energy levels and emission probabilities of photon radiation from the decay of 16N (left) and from the de-excitation of 16O for
13、 an incident proton energy of 340,5 keV on 19F (right)2229 Figure 9 Thin-target photon yield as a function of proton energy for the 19F(p, !*)16O reaction30 Figure 10 Example of the photon fluence spectrum of 6 MeV to 7 MeV reference radiation, proton energy 2,7 MeV31 Figure 11 Example of the photon
14、 fluence spectrum of the 4,4 MeV reference radiation, proton energy 5,5 MeV32 Figure 12 Photon spectrum of “titanium beam”33 Figure 13 Photon spectrum of a “nickel beam”34 Figure 14 Example of an irradiation facility for production of capture gamma radiation34 Table 1 List of X and gamma reference r
15、adiation and their mean energies2 Table 2 Specifications of filtered X radiation5 Table 3 Characteristics of low air-kerma rate series5 Table 4 Characteristics of narrow-spectrum series6 Table 5 Characteristics of wide-spectrum series6 Table 6 Characteristics of high air-kerma rate series7 Table 7 A
16、pproximate characteristics of high air-kerma rate series7 Table 8 Inherent filtration8 Table 9 Metal properties8 Table 10 Radiators and filters used for K-fluorescence reference radiation10 Table 11 Examples of air-kerma rates and extraneous radiation measured 30 cm from the radiator centre with a t
17、ube current of 10 mA12 Table 12 Radionuclide properties13 Table 13 Specific activity and recommended chemical form of radioactive nuclides13 Table 14 Example of composition of aperture alloy used in the collimator of Figure 714 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:29:57 GMT+00:0
18、0 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 4037-1:1996 BSI 10-1999iii Page Table 15 Typical photon yields and air-kerma rates for specified proton energies and 14A proton current16 Table 16 Principal photon yields of titanium and nickel per 100 neutron captures18 Table 17 Capture gamma radiation Exam
19、ples of targets, air-kerma rates and reference energies obtained2618 Descriptors: Nuclear radiation, radiation protection, radiation measuring instruments, exposure dose-rate meters, calibration, reference sources, gamma radiation, X rays. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:29
20、:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 4037-1:1996 iv BSI 10-1999 Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
21、 ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborate
22、s closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at le
23、ast 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 4037-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, Subcommittee SC 2, Radiation protection. This first edition of ISO 4037-1, along with ISO-4037-2, cancels and replaces the first edition of ISO 4037:1979, wh
24、ich has been technically revised. ISO 4037 consists of the following parts, under the general title X and gamma reference radiation for calibrating dosemeters and doserate meters and for determining their response as a function of photon energy. Part 1: Radiation characteristics and production metho
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