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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO/IEC 9126-1:2001 Information technology Software product quality Part 1: Quality model ICS 35.080 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 23 01:41:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI B
2、S ISO/IEC 9126-1:2001 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the DISC Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 August 2001 BSI 07-2001 ISBN 0 580 36526 3 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO
3、/IEC 9126-1:2001 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/15,Software Engineering, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary
4、. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Ele
5、ctronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to under
6、stand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprise
7、s a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to vi, pages 1 to 25, and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun
8、, na, Thu Nov 23 01:41:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO/IEC 9126-1:2001(E) OSICEI/ 1002 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 9126-1 First edition 2001-06-15 Software engineering Product quality Part 1: Quality model Gnie du logiciel Qualit des produits Partie 1: Modle de
9、qualit Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 23 01:41:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO/IEC 9126-1:2001(E) DPF dlcsiremia ihTs PDF file mya ctnoain emdeddeb tyfepcaes. In acccnadroe with Aebods licnesign lopic,y this file may be pirntde ro ivwede tub slahl ton eb ideted
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14、.ch ii ISO/IEC 1002 All irthgs resdevre Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 23 01:41:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iii Contents 1 Scope . 1 2 Conformance. 2 3 Normative reference. 2 4 Terms and definitions. 2 5 Quality model framework. 3 5.1 Approaches to quality. 3 5
15、.2 Product quality and the lifecycle. 3 5.3 Items to be evaluated. 6 5.4 Using a quality model. 6 6 Quality model for external and internal quality. 7 6.1 Functionality. 7 6.2 Reliability 8 6.3 Usability 9 6.4 Efficiency 10 6.5 Maintainability. 10 6.6 Portability 11 7 Quality model for quality in us
16、e 12 7.1 Quality in use 12 Annex A (normative) Metrics 14 A.1 Software metrics. 14 A.2 Quality in use metrics 15 A.3 Choice of metrics and measurement criteria. 16 A.4 Metrics used for comparison 16 Annex B (informative) Definitions from other standards 18 Annex C (informative) History of the work 2
17、3 Bibliography. 25 ISO/IEC 9126-1:2001(E) ISO/IEC 1002 All irthgs resdevre Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 23 01:41:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commi
18、ssion) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO
19、 and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Par
20、t 3. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at
21、least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO/IEC 9126 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO/IEC
22、9126-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 7,Software engineering. This first edition of ISO/IEC 9126-1, together with the other parts of ISO/IEC 9126, cancels and replaces ISO/IEC 9126:1991, which has been technically revised. Part 1: Qua
23、lity model Part 2: External metrics Part 3: Internal metrics Part 4: Quality in use metrics Annex A forms a normative part of this part of ISO/IEC 9126-1. Annexes B and C are for information only. ISO/IEC 9126-1:2001(E) ght ISO/IEC 1002 All irthgs resdevre ISO/IEC 9126 consists of the following part
24、s, under the general title Software engineering Product quality: Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 23 01:41:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI v Introduction Computers are being used in an increasingly wide variety of application areas, and their correct operation is oft
25、en critical for business success and/or human safety. Developing or selecting high quality software products is therefore of prime importance. Comprehensive specification and evaluation of software product quality is a key factor in ensuring adequate quality. This can be achieved by defining appropr
26、iate quality characteristics, taking account of the purpose of usage of the software product. It is important that every relevant software product quality characteristic is specified and evaluated, whenever possible using validated or widely accepted metrics. ISO/IEC 9126 (1991): Software product ev
27、aluation - Quality characteristics and guidelines for their use, which was developed to support these needs, defined six quality characteristics and described a software product evaluation process model. As quality characteristics and associated metrics can be useful not only for evaluating a softwa
28、re product but also for defining quality requirements and other usage, ISO/IEC 9126 (1991) has been replaced by two related multipart standards: ISO/IEC 9126 (Software product quality) and ISO/IEC 14598 (Software product evaluation). The software product quality characteristics defined in this part
29、of ISO/IEC 9126 can be used to specify both functional and non-functional customer and user requirements. This part of ISO/IEC 9126 is a revision of ISO/IEC 9126 (1991), and retains the same software quality characteristics. The major differences are: the introduction of normative subcharacteristics
30、, most of which are based on the informative subcharacteristics in ISO/IEC 9126 (1991); the specification of a quality model; the introduction of quality in use; removal of the evaluation process (which is now specified in the ISO/IEC 14598 standards); co-ordination of the content with ISO/IEC 14598
31、-1. The relationship between the standards in the ISO/IEC 9126 and ISO/IEC 14598 series (see Annex D) is illustrated in Figure 1. ISO/IEC 9126-1:2001(E) ISO/IEC 1002 All irthgs resdevre Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 23 01:41:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI vi 1459
32、8-3 14598-4 14598-5 9126-1 14598-1 9126-29126-49126-3 Resources and environment Evaluation process Effect of the software product Software product Evaluation support 14598-2 14598-6 Evaluation process Internal metrics External metrics Quality in use metrics Figure 1 - Relationship between ISO/IEC 91
33、26 and ISO/IEC 14598 standards ISO/IEC 9126-1:2001(E) ISO/IEC 1002 All irthgs resdevre Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 23 01:41:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 1 1Scope This part of ISO/IEC 9126 describes a two-part model for software product quality: a) internal qu
34、ality and external quality, and b) quality in use. The first part of the model specifies six characteristics for internal and external quality, which are further subdivided into subcharacteristics. These subcharacteristics are manifested externally when the software is used as a part of a computer s
35、ystem, and are a result of internal software attributes. This part of ISO/IEC 9126 does not elaborate the model for internal and external quality below the level of subcharacteristics. The second part of the model specifies four quality in use characteristics, but does not elaborate the model for qu
36、ality in use below the level of characteristics. Quality in use is the combined effect for the user of the six software product quality characteristics. The characteristics defined are applicable to every kind of software, including computer programs and data contained in firmware. The characteristi
37、cs and subcharacteristics provide consistent terminology for software product quality. They also provide a framework for specifying quality requirements for software, and making trade-offs between software product capabilities. Normative Annex A provides recommendations and requirements for software
38、 product metrics and quality in use metrics. Examples of these metrics are contained in other parts of ISO/IEC 9126. These metrics are applicable when specifying the quality requirements and the design goals for software products, including intermediate products. An explanation of how this quality m
39、odel can be applied in software product evaluation is contained in ISO/IEC 14598-1. This part of ISO/IEC 9126 enables software product quality to be specified and evaluated from different perspectives by those associated with acquisition, requirements, development, use, evaluation, support, maintena
40、nce, quality assurance and audit of software. It can for example be used by developers, acquirers, quality assurance staff and independent evaluators, particularly those responsible for specifying and evaluating software product quality. Examples of uses of the quality model defined in this part of
41、ISO/IEC 9126 are to: validate the completeness of a requirements definition; identify software requirements; identify software design objectives; identify software testing objectives; identify quality assurance criteria; identify acceptance criteria for a completed software product. NOTE 1This part
42、of ISO/IEC 9126 can be used in conjunction with ISO/IEC 15504 (which is concerned with the software process assessment) to provide: a framework for software product quality definition in the customer-supplier process; Software engineering Product quality Part 1: Quality model ISO/IEC 1002 All irthgs
43、 resdevre INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO/IEC 9126-1:2001(E) Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 23 01:41:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 support for review, verification and validation, and a framework for quantitative quality evaluation, in the support process; support fo
44、r setting organisational quality goals in the management process. NOTE 2This part of ISO/IEC 9126 can be used in conjunction with ISO/IEC 12207 (which is concerned with the software lifecycle) to provide: a framework for software product quality requirements definition in the primary lifecycle proce
45、ss; support for review, verification and validation in supporting lifecycle processes. NOTE 3This part of ISO/IEC 9126 can be used in conjunction with ISO 9001 (which is concerned with quality assurance processes) to provide: support for setting quality goals; support for design review, verification
46、 and validation. 2Conformance Any software product quality requirement, specification or evaluation that conforms to this part of ISO/IEC 9126 shall either use the characteristics and subcharacteristics from clauses 6 and 7, giving the reasons for any exclusions, or describe its own categorisation o
47、f software product quality attributes and provide a mapping to the characteristics and subcharacteristics in clauses 6 and 7. A software product quality requirement or specification that contains metrics used for comparison shall state whether the metrics have the properties specified in A.4. 3Norma
48、tive reference The following normative document contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO/IEC 9126. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based
49、 on this part of ISO/IEC 9126 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the normative document indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO/IEC 14598-1:1999, Information technology Software product evaluation Part 1: General overview. 4Terms and definitions For the purposes of all parts of ISO/IEC 9126, the foll
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