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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 14807:2001 Photography Transmission and reflection densitometers Method for determining performance ICS 37.040.10 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolle
2、d Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 14807:2001 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 15 October 2001 BSI 15 October 2001 ISBN 0
3、 580 38473 X National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 14807:2001 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CPW/42, Photography, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represente
4、d on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence I
5、ndex”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself
6、 confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and pro
7、mulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 11 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since p
8、ublication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 14807:2001(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14807 First edition 2001-10-15 Photography Transmission and reflection densitometers Method for de
9、termining performance Photographie Densitomtres transmission et rflexion Mthode pour la dtermination de la performance Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 14807:2001(E) DPF dlcsiremia ihTs PDF file mya ctnoain emdeddeb tyfepc
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13、8:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 14807:2001(E) iii ContentsPage Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1Scope 1 2Normative references1 3Terms and definitions .1 4Sampling and handling .5 5Determination of performance .5 5.1General5 5.2Repeatability determination5 5.3Stability determination6 5
14、.3.18 h stability determination6 5.3.27 day stability determination6 5.4Bias estimate determination.7 6Reporting (individual instrument performance).8 6.1General8 6.2Repeatability reporting8 6.3Stability reporting9 6.4Bias estimate reporting.9 7Reporting (performance specifications) .10 Bibliography
15、11 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 14807:2001(E) iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Inter
16、national Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison wit
17、h ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Stand
18、ards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may
19、 be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 14807 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled
20、 Copy, (c) BSI ISO 14807:2001(E) v Introduction Over the past few years, the subject of densitometer performance specifications has been discussed at length, with the observation made that the densitometer customer is met with a plethora of claims and specifications, in a variety of formats, pertain
21、ing to densitometer performance. Furthermore, various manufacturers have often used different terminology for describing what is speculated to be the same characteristic. With this in mind, this International Standard was developed and it identifies three characteristics of performance: ISO repeatab
22、ility, ISO stability and ISO bias estimate. Standardized methods for evaluating these characteristics are presented herein. Any or all three of these characteristics can be evaluated and used to describe the performance of an individual densitometer and will be useful in comparisons of the performan
23、ce of densitometers. The first two of these characteristics, ISO repeatability and ISO stability, are evaluated in such a way that, by use of suitable periodic sampling of production, a densitometer manufacturer can report average or typical repeatability and stability as specifications for a partic
24、ular class, type or model of densitometer. However, ISO bias estimate cannot necessarily be meaningfully averaged over such a class, type or model, since by determining a mean bias estimate, any instruments that are biased positively will be offset by any that are biased negatively. Because of this,
25、 bias estimate for a class, type or model of densitometer (if determined as a simple arithmetic mean of the bias estimates determined for individuals of that class, type or model) is of limited (if any) value and should not be reported. If determined as such an arithmetic mean, it may only be meanin
26、gful if that entire class, type or model is fraught with a systematic design defect. There is currently no agreement as to the most meaningful way to provide an ISO bias estimate for a class, type or model of densitometer. The standardized methods for determination of ISO repeatability and ISO stabi
27、lity provide manufacturers with a uniform basis for stating densitometer performance characteristics as specifications, thereby providing the customer with the most useful information. To clarify and provide mutual understanding, a list of definitions applicable to the performance characteristics ha
28、s been provided. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 14807:2001(E) 1 Photography Transmission an
29、d reflection densitometers Method for determining performance 1Scope This International Standard defines a common set of reporting parameters and describes the methods to be used in the determination and presentation of individual densitometer performance and manufacturer-reported performance specif
30、ications.ThisInternationalStandardappliestotransmissionandreflectiondensitometerstypically manufactured for and used by the photographic, graphic arts and radiographic trades. 2Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
31、 provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions
32、of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 5-1:1984, Photography Density measurements Part 1: Terms, symbols and notati
33、ons ISO 5-2:2001, Photography Density measurements Part 2: Geometric conditions for transmission density ISO 5-3:1995, Photography Density measurements Part 3: Spectral conditions ISO 5-4:1995, Photography Density measurements Part 4: Geometric conditions for reflection density ISO 554:1976, Standar
34、d atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing Specifications 3Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTEThere are a number of terms that are commonly used in connection with the subject of measurement, such as bias, repeatab
35、ility, stability and traceability. One can avoid confusion by using such terms in a way that is consistent with other international documents. Definitions of many such terms are given in the International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology2 1) , the title of which is commonly abbrevi
36、ated, as VIM. The VIM was developed by ISO Technical Advisory Group 4 (TAG 4). 3.1 true value (of a quantity) value consistent with the definition of a given particular quantity NOTE 1This is a value that would be obtained by a perfect measurement. 1)Throughout this International Standard, raised nu
37、mbers in square brackets refer to informative documents listed in the bibliography. 1 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 14807:2001(E) 2 ISO 1002 All rights rsedevre NOTE 2True values are by nature indeterminate. NOTE 3The i
38、ndefinite article “a”, rather than the definite article “the”, is used in conjunction with “true value” because there may be many values consistent with the definition of a given particular quantity. VIM:1993, 1.19 3.2 conventional true value (of a quantity) value attributed to a particular quantity
39、 and accepted, sometimes by convention, as having an uncertainty appropriate for a given purpose VIM:1993, 1.20 NOTE 1“Conventional true value” is sometimes called assigned value, best estimate of the value, conventional value or reference value. NOTE 2An assigned value of a certified reference mate
40、rial is one type of conventional true value. 3.3 measurand particular quantity subject to measurement EXAMPLEVapour pressure of a given sample of water at 20 C. NOTEThe specification of a measurand may require statements about quantities such as time, temperature and pressure. VIM:1993, 2.6 3.4 repe
41、atability (of results of measurements) closeness of the agreement between the results of successive measurements of the same measurand carried out under the same conditions of measurement NOTE 1These conditions are called repeatability conditions. NOTE 2Repeatability conditions include: ?the same me
42、asurement procedure ?the same observer ?the same measuring instrument, used under the same conditions ?the same location ?repetition over a short period of time. NOTE 3Repeatability may be expressed quantitatively in terms of the dispersion characteristics of the results. VIM:1993, 3.6 3.5 experimen
43、tal standard deviation s for a series of n measurements of the same measurand, the quantity s characterizing the dispersion of the results and given by the formula: ? 2 1 1 n i i xx s n ? ? ? ? ? 2 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c)
44、 BSI ISO 14807:2001(E) ISO 1002 All rights rsedevre3 xibeing the result of the ith measurement andxbeing the arithmetic mean of thenresults considered VIM:1993, 3.8 3.6 systematic error mean that would result from an infinite number of measurements of the same measurand carried out under repeatabili
45、ty conditions minus a true value of the measurand VIM:1993, 3.14 NOTELike true value, systematic error and its causes cannot be completely known. 3.7 stability ability of a measuring instrument to maintain constant its metrological characteristics with time NOTE 1Where stability with respect to a qu
46、antity other than time is considered, this should be stated explicitly. NOTE 2Stability may be quantified in several ways, for example: ?in terms of the time over which a metrological characteristic changes by a stated amount, or ?in terms of the change in a characteristic over a stated time. VIM:19
47、93, 5.14 3.8 error (of indication) of a measuring instrument indication of a measuring instrument minus a true value of the corresponding input quantity VIM:1993, 5.20 3.9 bias (of a measuring instrument) systematic error of the indication of a measuring instrument NOTEThe bias of a measuring instru
48、ment is normally estimated by averaging the error of indication over an appropriate number of repeated measurements. VIM:1993, 5.25 3.10 traceability property of the result of a measurement or the value of a standard whereby it can be related to stated references, usually national or international s
49、tandards, through an unbroken chain of comparisons all having stated uncertainties NOTE 1The concept is often expressed by the adjective traceable. NOTE 2The unbroken chain of comparisons is called a traceability chain. VIM:1993, 6.10 EXAMPLEIf a ruler used to measure the width of a sheet of paper has been calibrated to a more accurate ruler and this, in turn, has been calibrated to precision gauge blocks, the measured value of the width of the paper would be traceable to the gauge blocks (provided the uncertaintie
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