CEN-CR-13695-1-2000.pdf
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1、CEN REPORT RAPPORT CEN CEN BERICHT CR 13695-1 March 2000 ICS English version Packaging - Requirements for measuring and verifying the four heavy metals and other dangerous substances present in packaging and their release into the environment - Part 1: Requirements for measuring and verifying the fo
2、ur heavy metals present in packaging Emballage - Exigences pour la mesure et la vrification des quatre mtaux lourds et autres substances dangereuses prsents dans lemballage et leur cession dans lenvironnement - Partie 1: Exigences pour la mesure et la vrification des quatre mtaux lourds prsents dans
3、 lemballage Verpackung - Anforderungen zur Messung und Feststellung der vier Schwermetalle und andere gefhrlichen Substanzen in Verpackungen und deren Freisetzung in die Umwelt - Teil 1: Anforderungen zur Messung und Feststellung der vier Schwermetalle in Verpackungen This CEN Report was approved by
4、 CEN on 16 June 1999. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 261. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerla
5、nd and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2000 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. C
6、R 13695-1:2000 E Page 2 CR 13695-1:2000 Contents Foreword4 Introduction.5 1Scope 6 2Normative references 6 3Terms and definitions6 4The European packaging market at present.6 5The packaging and packaging waste directive.7 6Consideration of factors that influence the presence of Heavy Metals in Packa
7、ging and in emissions from Packaging Waste management 7 6.1Heavy metals in the environment and risk reduction 8 6.2Packaging Intended to come into Contact with Foodstuffs8 6.3Emission control at incineration of mixed municipal solid waste9 6.4Leachate from Landfills.9 7Summary of the present situati
8、on in relevant industrial sectors .10 7.1Possible sources of heavy metals present in packaging10 7.1.1Natural sources10 7.1.2Recycling10 7.1.3Functional use10 7.1.4Cr(VI) in metallic materials10 7.2The situation in individual material sectors10 7.3Main deductions from the survey.18 8Assessing compli
9、ance with the Directive.18 8.1Assessing compliance with article 11 of the Directive18 8.1.1Introduction18 8.1.2Definitions.19 8.1.3Evaluation of the concentration levels of heavy metals in packaging or packaging components.20 8.1.4Compliance with Article 11 of the Directive21 8.2Assessment approach
10、to conform to minimisation according to article 9 and annex II of the directive 21 8.2.1Introduction21 8.2.2Evaluation of the presence of heavy metals in emissions, ash and leachate.22 8.2.3Assessment of compliance with Annex II / Art. 9 of the directive22 8.3Exemptions from the concentration limits
11、 of article 11.1 of the Directive 23 8.3.1Exemptions according to Article 11.3 of the Directive 24 8.3.2Specific measures according to Article 20.1 of the Directive.24 9Survey of existing relevant test methods24 10Measuring the four heavy metals.25 10.1Sampling.25 10.2Preparing the test portion.25 1
12、0.3Analysing the test portion.25 11Conclusions26 Annex A (informative) Survey of existing relevant test methods (chapter 9) : list of analytical methods.27 Annex B (informative) Market dimensions33 Annex C (informative) Opinion of the Scientific Committee for Food on the Toxicity of Lead and Cadmium
13、 in Ceramics .35 Annex D 1 (informative) Aluminium.36 Annex D 2 (informative) Undecorated and decorated glass .39 Page 3 CR 13695-1:2000 Annex D 2 bis (informative) Crystal glass as packaging.42 Annex D 3 (informative) PAPER.43 Annex D 4 (informative) Plastic.46 Annex D 5 (informative) Steel.49 Anne
14、x D 5 bis (informative) Light metal packaging.51 Annex D 5 ter (informative) Steel drums52 Annex D 6 (informative) Wood .53 Annex D 7 (informative) Cork.56 Annex D 8 (informative) Paints and printing inks (coatings) as constituents of packaging components 62 Bibliography63 -,-,- Page 4 CR 13695-1:20
15、00 Foreword This document has been prepared by CEN /TC 261, “Packaging“. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). This document has to be implemented at nat
16、ional level, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, by month year, and conflicting national standards have to be withdrawn by month year. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement t
17、his document: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. -,-,- Page 5 CR 13695-1:2000 Introduction This document is a CEN Report for “the measu
18、rement and verifying of heavy metals present in packaging and their release to the environment“. The European Commission gave a mandate to CEN for promoting the preparation of European Standards and CEN reports in order to support the application of the Directive 94/62/EC of 20 December 1994, in par
19、ticular “the requirements for measuring and verifying heavy metals and other dangerous substances, present in packaging, and their release into the environment“. The Ad-Hoc Group, in charge of the task by a resolution of CEN TC 261 SC4, has set as a priority in the first part of the report the four
20、heavy metals mentioned in Article 11 of the Directive : Lead, Cadmium, Chromium (VI), Mercury, for two reasons : ?To release as early as possible, guidelines for assessing compliance with the Directive for these four metals (cf. Chapter 8). ?Other dangerous substances as mentioned in the mandate are
21、 the subject of the part two of the CEN Report. Have been considered for the development of this work : ?the existing European or national legislation (Directives) ?the CONEG legislation as a source of information ?the CEN standardisation on waste CEN/TC 292. ?the OECD environment monograph series.
22、To better identify and control the main sources of contamination by heavy metals, an extensive enquiry involved the European industry operating on this market and their associations, from raw materials and constituents to finished products (chapter 7). It results in the proposal of an efficient tool
23、 for the industry to assume compliance, i.e. a procedure limiting the need for individual packaging testing in favour of an “up-stream“ assessment more in line with the quality assurance system. It is developed in chapter 8 and covers both packaging and its components; the provided guideline include
24、s minimisation according to art. 9 and annex II, the relevant test methods for measuring being expressed in chapters 9 and 10. The main conclusions of the report (chapter 11), are the identification of only a few needs for intentional use of heavy metals compounds in packaging, a preferable “up-stre
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