CGA-G-6.9-2004.pdf
《CGA-G-6.9-2004.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《CGA-G-6.9-2004.pdf(20页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、 CGA G-6.92004 DRY ICE SECOND EDITION COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION, INC. 4221 Walney Road, 5th Floor Chantilly, VA 20151 Phone: 703-788-2700 Fax: 703-961-1831 E-mail: PAGE ii COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION, INC. CGA G-6.92004 PLEASE NOTE: The information contained in this document was obtained from sourc
2、es believed to be reliable and is based on technical information and experience currently available from members of the Compressed Gas Association, Inc. and others. However, the Association or its members, jointly or severally, make no guarantee of the results and assume no liability or responsibili
3、ty in connection with the information or suggestions herein contained. Moreover, it should not be assumed that every acceptable commodity grade, test or safety procedure or method, precaution, equipment or device is contained within, or that abnormal or unusual circumstances may not warrant or sugge
4、st further requirements or additional procedure. This document is subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition. The Associa- tion invites comments and suggestions for consideration. In connection with such review, any such comments or suggestions will be fully rev
5、iewed by the Association after giving the party, upon request, a reasonable op- portunity to be heard. Proposed changes may be submitted via the Internet at our web site, . This document should not be confused with Federal, state, provincial, or municipal specifications or regulations; insurance req
6、uirements; or national safety codes. While the Association recommends reference to or use of this document by government agencies and others, this document is purely voluntary and not binding. A listing of all publications, audiovisual programs, safety and technical bulletins, and safety posters is
7、available via the Internet at our website at . For more information contact CGA at Phone: 703-788-2700, ext. 799. E-mail: . Docket 03-22 Carbon Dioxide Committee NOTETechnical changes from the previous edition are underlined. SECOND EDITION: 2004 FIRST EDITION: 1998 2004 BY THE COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCI
8、ATION, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 4221 WALNEY ROAD, 5TH FLOOR, CHANTILLY, VA 20151 Printed in U.S.A. -,-,- CGA G-6.92004 COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION, INC. PAGE iii Contents Page 1 Introduction.1 2 Scope .1 3 Definitions.1 3.1 Carbon dioxide 1 3.2 Critical point.1 3.3 Critical pressure.1 3.4 Critical t
9、emperature.1 3.5 Dry ice .1 3.6 Saturated condition1 3.7 Sublimation1 3.8 Supercritical fluid.1 3.9 Triple point.1 4 Carbon dioxide .2 4.1 Physical and chemical properties2 4.2 Manufacture.4 4.3 Common packaging practices.5 5 Physiology and toxicology of carbon dioxide5 5.1 General5 5.2 Physiologica
10、l effects of carbon dioxide5 5.3 Physical effects of overexposure to carbon dioxide 5 5.4 Regulatory standards 6 5.5 Safety precautions.6 5.6 Rescue and first aid.6 6 Special hazards6 6.1 General6 6.2 Low temperature effects on materials .6 6.3 Personnel overexposure7 7 Regulations 7 7.1 General7 7.
11、2 Transportation regulations.7 7.3 Workplace regulations.7 7.4 Recommended hazard rating7 7.5 Labeling and placarding 7 8 Storage and handling of dry ice9 8.1 General9 8.2 Storage boxes .9 8.3 Personal protective equipment9 8.4 Handling and use precautions.9 8.5 Disposal of unused dry ice 10 9 Dry i
12、ce applications 10 10 Dry ice converters 11 11 References.11 12 Additional reference .12 -,-,- PAGE iv COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION, INC. CGA G-6.92004 Tables Table 1Physical constants of carbon dioxide.2 Table 2Thermodynamic properties of saturated carbon dioxide solid, liquid, and vapor phases (cust
13、omary U.S. units).13 Table 2Thermodynamic properties of saturated carbon dioxide solid, liquid, and vapor phases (customary U.S. units).13 Table 3Thermodynamic properties of saturated carbon dioxide solid, liquid, and vapor phases (SI units)15 Figures Figure 1Carbon dioxide phase diagram 3 Figure 2P
14、roduction of dry ice disks for airline food module refrigeration.4 Figure 3Hazard warning label for dry ice.8 -,-,- CGA G-6.92004 COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION, INC. PAGE 1 1 Introduction This publication is one of a series compiled by the Compressed Gas Association, Inc. (CGA) to satisfy the de- mand
15、for information relative to the production, storage, transportation, safe handling, and use of compressed and liquefied gases, cryogenic liquids, and related products. 2 Scope This publication provides information on dry ice (including physical and chemical properties, physiology, toxic- ity, specia
16、l hazards, production, regulations, storage, handling, and applications) to users, producers, and dis- tributors. More information on the various aspects of dry ice and its transportation and use may be found in the references cited in this publication, which are listed in Section 11. 3 Definitions
17、For the purposes of this publication the following definitions apply: 3.1 Carbon dioxide A chemical compound consisting of one atom of carbon bonded to two atoms of oxygen expressed by the chemical formula CO2. 3.2 Critical point The condition at which a material exists simultaneously as a liquid, g
18、as, and supercritical fluid. For carbon diox- ide, this occurs at a temperature of 87.9 F (31.1 C) and a pressure of 1056 psig (7280 kPa).1, 2 3.3 Critical pressure The pressure that must be exerted to produce liquefaction at the critical temperature. 3.4 Critical temperature The temperature above w
19、hich a pure gas cannot be liquefied, regardless of the degree of compression. 3.5 Dry ice The common name for solid carbon dioxide. Its temperature is 109.3 F (78.5 C) at atmospheric pressure. 3.6 Saturated condition The condition at which the pressure and temperature of all existing physical states
20、 are at equilibrium. 3.7 Sublimation The process of changing from the solid phase directly to the gas phase without passing through the liquid phase. 3.8 Supercritical fluid A substance that is at a pressure and a temperature equal to or greater than its critical point. A substance that has complete
21、 mutual solubility of the liquid and the gas. 3.9 Triple point The temperature and pressure at which a material exists simultaneously as a solid, liquid, and gas. 1 kPa shall indicate gauge pressure unless otherwise noted as (kPa, abs) for absolute pressure or (kPa, differential) for dif- ferential
22、pressure. All kPa values are rounded off per CGA P-11, Metric Practice Guide for the Compressed Gas Industry 1. 2 References are shown by bracketed numbers and are listed in order of appearance in the reference section. PAGE 2 COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION, INC. CGA G-6.92004 4 Carbon dioxide 4.1 Physi
23、cal and chemical properties Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless, slightly acid gas, which is approximately 50% heavier than air. It is non- flammable and will not support combustion. The physical constants of carbon dioxide are summarized in Table 1. See Tables 2 and 3 for the thermodynamic prop
24、erties of carbon dioxide. Table 1Physical constants of carbon dioxide Chemical Name: Carbon dioxide Synonym: Carbon anhydride, carbonic acid gas, carbonic anhydride, dry ice CAS Registry Number: 124389 Chemical Formula CO2 U.S. Units SI Units Molecular weight 44.01 44.01 Vapor pressure1) at 2 F (16.
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- CGA 6.9 2004
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-3752049.html