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1、DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENT DD CEN/TS 14567:2004 Postal services Automated processing of mail items Address block locator ICS 03.240 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 04:26:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI DD CEN/TS 14567:2004 This Draft f
2、or Development was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 12 February 2004 BSI 12 February 2004 ISBN 0 580 43395 1 National foreword This Draft for Development is the official English language version of CEN/TS 14567:2004. This publication is not to be regard
3、ed as a British Standard. It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature because it is providing specifications in evolving technologies. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so that information and experience of its practical applica
4、tion may be obtained. Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Development are requested so that UK experience can be reported to the European organization responsible for its conversion to a European standard. A review of this publication will be initiated 2 years after its publication by th
5、e European organization so that a decision can be taken on its status at the end of its 3-year life. Notification of the start of the review period will be made in an announcement in the appropriate issue of Update Standards. According to the replies received by the end of the review period, the res
6、ponsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into a European Standard, to extend the life of the Technical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent in writing to the Secretary of BSI Technical Committee SVS/4, Postal services, at 389 Chiswick High Road, London
7、 W4 4AL, giving the document reference and clause number and proposing, where possible, an appropriate revision of the text. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or Euro
8、pean publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include a
9、ll the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the CEN/TS title page, pages 2 to
10、 41 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 04:26:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled
11、 Copy, (c) BSI TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 14567 January 2004 ICS 03.240 English version Postal services - Automated processing of mail items - Address block locator Services postaux - Traitement automatique des envois postaux - Localisateur dadress
12、e postale Postalische Dienstleistungen - Automatische Verarbeitung von Sendungen - Erkennung des Adressblocks This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 3 February 2003 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two
13、 years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at
14、 national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus,
15、 Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN
16、DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 14567:2004: E Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South
17、Bank University, Sat Dec 09 04:26:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI CEN/TS 14567:2004 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 Introduction.4 1Scope 7 2Normative references 8 3Terms and definitions8 4Symbols and abbreviations10 5Address block locator without information encodation10 5.1General10 5.
18、2Size and layout.11 5.3Placement.11 5.4Print quality 12 6Information-based address block locators.12 6.1General12 6.2String of characters.12 6.3Address block locators based on bar codes13 6.4Address block locators based on two-dimensional symbols.15 6.5Information content .16 Annex A (informative) P
19、ossible algorithm for locating ABLs based on concentric squares19 Annex B (informative) Possible algorithm for locating ABLs based on character strings29 Bibliography41 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 04:26:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (
20、c) BSI CEN/TS 14567:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 14567:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 331, “Postal services“, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Tra
21、de Association. Annexes A and B are informative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this CEN Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Ger
22、many, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 04:26:48 GMT+00:00 200
23、6, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI CEN/TS 14567:2004 (E) 4 Introduction The reliability, speed and cost of mail processing and delivery are the most important aspects of the Quality of Service which is requested by postal service users. Postal operators performance in these respects is highly dependent u
24、pon the level of automation achieved in the mail sorting process. The automatic reading of addresses is one of the techniques which help to speed up and reduce the costs of mail sorting. The first step in address reading is the determination of the location of the address block. Address block locati
25、on is the process by which an address reading machine automatically locates one or more potential address blocks within the electronic image of a postal item before trying to read them. The reliability and ease of address block location directly affects the performance and cost of address reading sy
26、stems. However, address block location may be difficult, especially when addresses are not placed in a pre- specified location and / or when they are printed on, or surrounded by, noisy backgrounds. Noise may be made of text, pictures, logos, drawings, textures, and all sorts of patterns that can be
27、 mistaken for the relevant address block. This difficulty is particularly obvious for plastic-wrapped items for which the address is printed on a label which is affixed on a background (see Figure 1). To overcome the difficulty posed by noisy backgrounds, address reading machines need to be able to
28、filter out non address material in electronic images of postal items. Cost/performance trade-offs generally lead to address reading machines which are not able to reliably locate addresses in all situations. Noise is also detrimental to video-coding operations because it takes longer for human opera
29、tors to find the address is in a cluttered display (ball-trap effect) than it would take for an address appearing over a homogeneous background. Modern video-coding systems may therefore also be equipped with address block location modules in order to facilitate the task of human operators and to fi
30、t more than one address onto a single display. Multi-Line Optical Character Recognition (MLOCR) and video-coding systems are designed to locate address blocks through their typical features, such as their location relative to the borders of the postal item, their alignment and the number and syntax
31、of lines. However, these features are not sufficient to achieve reliable location of address blocks on all items. One possible approach to resolution of this problem is to impose constraints on the physical placement of addresses on postal items and on the appearance of the non-address zones of the
32、item. However, this approach is limited in practice because mailers require a considerable degree of freedom in the location of addresses and on the visual appearance of postal items. Address Block Locators (ABLs) provide an alternative solution. An address block locator is a specific feature or mar
33、k, added to an item, which can be easily and reliably detected by image processing software and which is unlikely to occur on an item, other than in association with an address block. Since an ABL can be easily detected, placing one in the vicinity of an address block makes it possible to locate the
34、 block whatever its position and background. The use of ABLs, particularly on items with a busy background, may improve automation system performance, thereby allowing constraints on address presentation and position to be relaxed. The European Committee for Standardization (CEN) draws attention to
35、the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may involve the use of a patent concerning ABL. CEN takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of this patent right. The French Post Office states that the ABL standard is in part covered by a patent called Marque de r
36、eprage et procd de localisation dune information par ajout de cette marque, laid down in France the 10/03/1995 for LA POSTE, number 9502827, published the 13/09/1996, number 2 731 535 and delivered the 25/04/1997. The French Post Office commits itself to grant any user of the ABL standard, a license
37、 for using this patent in the countries where the patent has been laid down. To date, the French Post Office has the right to grant a license in France only. This license will be negotiated in reasonable conditions. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may
38、 be the subject of patent rights other than those identified above. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 04:26:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI CEN/TS 14567:
39、2004 (E) 5 Figure 1 A typical image of an address label stuck over a cluttered background To support reliable, low cost, location of address blocks in a manner which is acceptable to mailers, ABLs should: be easily printable, using normally available equipment, by mail producers: in many cases addre
40、ss block locators will have to be printed at the same time as the address. To limit costs and simplify operations, printing should require no special or additional equipment beyond that already used for address printing; be pre-printable: for addresses printed on labels, it should be possible to use
41、 labels on which an ABL has been pre-printed. The ABL then assists in locating the label, which in turn carries the address; allow relaxation of constraints on address presentation: machine readability of addresses imposes a number of constraints on address presentation. Some of these constraints (e
42、.g. fixing the address location on the postal item face) are designed so that addresses can be located more easily. By easing address block location, ABLs allow relaxation of such constraints on address presentation. For example, when using an address block locator, it could be possible to place the
43、 address in any location on the postal item; have minimal negative impact on the aesthetic appearance of postal items; be small in size: for reasons of costs and, above all, of aesthetics and saving space, ABLs should be as small as possible; preferably be usable for information encoding: since ABLs
44、 necessarily use some space on the postal item, that space can desirably also be utilised for encoding information (identifiers, routing codes, proof of payment, non delivery instructions, etc.) which may be useful to the mailer, the postal operator and/or the recipient; give some freedom to mailers
45、, enabling them to choose the most convenient locator (and information content) for any given situation. This implies that there should be not just one ABL, but a small set of consistent and compatibly designed ABLs; Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec
46、09 04:26:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI CEN/TS 14567:2004 (E) 6 not be subject to risk of improper use: ABL specifications should be easy for non specialists to understand, easy to implement without special equipment, and should guarantee proper use in most cases; be distinctive: ABLs
47、 should have characteristics which make it unlikely that they will occur other than in association with an address block and which make them different from marks defined by other standards or for other purposes. The finding of an ABL should be a reliable indication that an address block is nearby; b
48、e easily and reliably locatable, by image processing software, using tractable algorithms: it would in principle be possible to design image processing software that would be able to locate almost any type of ABL. However, to contain costs, it is important that detection systems can be based on simp
49、le algorithms which do not require excessive computing power. Moreover, if an ABL is present, there should be a high probability (95 % to 99 %) of its being detected. Similarly, there should be a low probability (maximum 5 %) of the detection system falsely detecting an ABL where no ABL has been printed; together with the algorithms used to locate them in images, be in the public domain: ABLs should be based on patterns that have not been patented and that can be printed by mailer
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