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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 18919:1999 Photography Thermally processed silver microfilm Specifications for stability ICS 37.040.20 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18919:1999 This British Standard, having been prepared unde
2、r the direction of the Consumer Products and Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 November 1999 BSI 03-2000 ISBN 0 580 32714 0 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 18919:1999 and implements it as the UK
3、national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CPW/42, Photography, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals fo
4、r change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international
5、 or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all
6、the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and i
7、i, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd.
8、 No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18919:1999 BSI 03-2000i Contents Page National forewordInside front cover Forewordiii Text of ISO 189191 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:26
9、GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18919:1999 ii BSI 03-2000 C
10、ontents Page Forewordiii Introduction1 1Scope1 2Normative references2 3Terms and definitions2 4Safety and hazards3 5Requirements for the film base3 6Requirements for the thermally processed silver microfilm3 7Requirements for the emulsion and backing layers of thermally processed silver microfilm4 8
11、Requirements for image stability4 9Test methods5 10Storage of films9 Annex A (normative) Preparation of standard solution of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide10 Annex B (informative) Numbering system for related International Standards10 Annex C (informative) Effect of residual compounds on the thermally
12、 processed silver image12 Annex D (informative) Accelerated image stability test for thermally processed silver microfilms12 Annex E (informative) BibliographyInside back cover Figure D.1 Time vs. temperature for thermally processed silver microfilms (after four post-UV exposures)14 Table 1 Limits f
13、or tensile properties and loss in tensile properties on accelerated ageing of polyester-base film4 Table 2 Limits for changes in image density and contrast retention for the microfilm reader test4 Table 3 Conditions for image stability test9 Table B.1 New ISO numbers11 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun she
14、ffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18919:1999 BSI 03-2000iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is
15、 normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part
16、 in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standa
17、rd requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 18919 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography. This International Standard is one of a series of standards dealing with the physical properties and stability of imaging materials.
18、 To facilitate identification of these International Standards, they are assigned a number within the block from 18900 to 18999 (see Annex B). Annex A forms an integral part of this International Standard. Annex B, Annex C, Annex D and Annex E are for information only. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun she
19、ffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18919:1999 BSI 03-20001 Introduction Thermally processed silver (TPS) films are used widely for comp
20、uter-output microfilming (COM) and for document recording. This International Standard is intended to provide the desired information on the stability of IPS images as well as other relevant properties of TPS microfilms. The basic elements of the TPS imaging process are also reviewed. The first comm
21、ercial TPS imaging product for the micrographic market was a photothermographic paper, called dry silver paper. It was introduced in 1964. This paper was designed for exposure by projection and for processing with a heated drum in a combination reader-printer processor. A TPS film based on this tech
22、nology, but adopted for COM recording, followed in 1968. Since then, several other TPS-type films for computer-output and source-document microfilming have been introduced by several manufacturers. Special TPS products for other imaging applications have also been developed, including films for grap
23、hic arts and for duplication of aerial photographs, radiographic applications, as well as for line recording and remote sensing systems using laser beam and cathode-ray tube (CRT) imaging devices. However, these special products are not covered by this International Standard. It covers only the curr
24、ently available TPS microfilms based on the present state of photothermographic technology. The unique feature of TPS microfilm and its major advantage over conventional silver-gelatin products is its one-step, dry processing method. Another notable difference is that the image-forming components an
25、d, therefore, also the final silver image are dispersed in a non-gelatin binder, primarily poly(vinylbutyral). This renders them inert to moisture and its deleterious effects. The support of TPS films is normal, photographic grade PET poly(ethylene terephthalate) safety film (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). In m
26、ost contemporary TPS films, the metallic silver that forms the image is contributed by light-insensitive silver behenate salts that react with an incorporated reducing agent during heat development. This reaction is catalyzed by latent image silver formed during light exposure of silver halide cryst
27、als that are also incorporated in the imaging layer. Accordingly, the reaction occurs, at a much higher rate in exposed than in unexposed areas, akin to the different rate of reduction of exposed and unexposed silver halide crystals by a chemical developer in a conventional photographic system. Two
28、important advantages offered by the TPS process include rapid, relatively simple and convenient dry processing and inertness to oxidation of silver images. These images are relatively stable, based on behaviour under normal user and storage conditions as well as on accelerated ageing studies. (7, 8,
29、 9). Since TPS films are heat-processed by raising the temperature to between 119 C and 125 C, which is well above any expected use and recommended storage temperatures, no chemical fixation is required. Hence, TPS films do not fall within the provisions of ISO 10602 that apply to chemical fixation.
30、 These attractive features should be weighed against the disadvantage that, in the TPS process, the residual image-forming components are not removed during processing. Therefore, the potential for formation of excessive fog exists throughout the life of the record; such fog may render the image unu
31、sable. This may occur during dark storage at elevated temperatures, or on prolonged exposure to ambient illumination, or especially on excessive exposure to light and heat in a reader-printer or to heat generated by a nearby fire. In the case of fire, the temperature inside a “fireproof” vault or sa
32、fe can also rise to cause image degradation. Concerns with these possible causes of degradation have led to the adoption of considerably lower life expectancy ratings of TPS films in these specifications than indicated by accelerated ageing studies. This International Standard includes all the requi
33、rements for the stability of wet-processed silver-gelatin films on safety bases, set forth in ISO 10602. They also include special thermal requirements applicable to TPS films and the requirement of at least ten duplications with a high-intensity mercury vapour lamp, stipulated for diazo and vesicul
34、ar films. A few other relevant requirements for thermally processed vesicular films (ISO 9718) and ammonia processed diazo films (ISO 8225) are also included. 1 Scope This International Standard establishes specifications for the stability of photographic films intended for storage of records; speci
35、fically, microfilms with a base of safety polyester poly(ethylene terephthalate) having predominantly silver behenate salts dispersed in nongelatinous emulsions, and thermally processed to produce a black-and-white silver image. This International Standard applies to thermally processed silver (TPS)
36、 microfilms having ultrasonic or dielectric (induction-heated) splices. It does not cover films with splices made by means of adhesive tape. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18919:1999 2 BSI 03-2000 This International S
37、tandard does not cover other types of black-and-white TPS films, black-and-white paper, colour images and colour prints that are produced with thermally processed silver behenate systems. It does not apply to films to which lacquers have been applied. It also does not apply to conventional black-and
38、-white silver images that are produced by wet processing of silver-gelatin films (see ISO 10602). 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions in
39、dicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid
40、International Standards. ISO 5-2:1991, Photography Density measurements Part 2: Geometric conditions for transmission density. ISO 5-3:1995, Photography Density measurements Part 3: Spectral conditions. ISO 527-3:1995, Plastics Determination of tensile properties Part 3: Test conditions for films an
41、d sheets. ISO 543:1990, Photography Photographic films Specifications for safety film. ISO 6077:1993, Photography Photographic films and papers Wedge test for brittleness. ISO 7565:1993, Micrographics Readers for transparent microforms Measurement of characteristics. ISO 8225:1995, Photography Ammon
42、ia-processed diazo photographic film Specifications for stability. ISO 9718:1995, Photography Processed vesicular photographic film Specifications for stability. ISO 10602:1995, Photography Processed silver-gelatin type black-and-white film Specifications for stability. 3 Terms and definitions For t
43、he purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 archival medium recording material that can be expected to retain information for ever so that it can be retrieved without significant loss when properly stored NOTEThere is, however, no such material and it is not a te
44、rm to be used in International Standards or system specifications. 3.2 life expectancy LE length of time that information is predicted to be retrievable in a system under extended-term storage conditions NOTEHowever, the actual useful life of film is very dependent upon the existing storage conditio
45、ns (for example, see ISO 546619 and ISO 10214)21. 3.3 LE designation rating for the “life expectancy” of recording materials and associated retrieval systems; the number following the LE symbol is a prediction of the minimum life expectancy, in years, for which information can, be retrieved without
46、significant loss when stored under extended-term storage conditions NOTEFor example, LE-100 indicates that information can be retrieved for at least 100 years storage. 3.4 extended-term storage conditions storage conditions suitable for the preservation of recorded information having a permanent val
47、ue 3.5 medium-term storage conditions storage conditions suitable for the preservation of recorded information for a minimum of ten years 3.6 film base plastic support for the emulsion and backing layers 3.7 emulsion layer(s) image or image-forming layer(s) of photographic films, papers and plates 3
48、.8 non-curl backing layer layer, usually made of gelatin, applied to the side of the film base opposite to that of the emulsion layer, for the purpose of preventing curl NOTE 1It is comparable to the emulsion layer in thickness and is not removed in processing. NOTE 2Antihalation or other layers rem
49、oved are excluded from this definition. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 12:59:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18919:1999 BSI 03-20003 3.9 safety photographic film photographic film which passes the ignition time test and burning time test as specified in ISO 543 3.10 safety poly(ethylene terephthalate) base polyester film base composed mainly of a polymer of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid 4 Safety and hazards 4.1 Hazard warnings Some of the chem
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