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1、BS ISO 22856:2008 ICS 65.060.40 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BRITISH STANDARD Equipment for crop protection Methods for the laboratory measurement of spray drift Wind tunnels Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:48, Uncontrolled Copy,
2、(c) BSI This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2009 BSI 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 55605 0 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication DateComments BS ISO 22856:2008 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implement
3、ation of ISO 22856:2008. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AGE/15, Equipment for crop protection and application of liquid fertilizer. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does n
4、ot purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:48, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 228
5、56:2008 Reference number ISO 22856:2008(E) ISO 2008 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22856 First edition 2008-11-15 Equipment for crop protection Methods for the laboratory measurement of spray drift Wind tunnels Matriel de protection des cultures Mthodes de mesurage en laboratoire de la drive du jet Souf
6、fleries Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:48, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 22856:2008 ISO 22856:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited u
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9、 In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any mean
10、s, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyri
11、ghtiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reserved Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:48, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 22856:2008 ISO 22856:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative refere
12、nces. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Principles. 2 5 Test methods. 3 6 Test report . 5 7 Calculation of results . 5 Annex A (normative) Characterisation of the wind tunnel air flow. 6 Annex B (normative) Selection and handling of spray drift samplers and collectors 9 Annex C (informative) Typical de
13、sign and layout of wind tunnel . 11 Annex D (normative) Required content of the test report 12 Annex E (informative) Example of calculation of results. 13 Bibliography. 14 Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:48, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 22856:2008 ISO 22856:2008(E) i
14、v ISO 2008 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body intere
15、sted in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
16、Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the tec
17、hnical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO
18、 shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 22856 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry, Subcommittee SC 6, Equipment for crop protection. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:48
19、, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 22856:2008 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22856:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1 Equipment for crop protection Methods for the laboratory measurement of spray drift Wind tunnels 1 Scope This International Standard establishes general principles for the measureme
20、nt of spray drift potential in wind tunnels under controlled laboratory conditions. This International Standard is applicable where comparative assessment or classification of the relative spray drift potential from spray generators (e.g. nozzles) or spray liquids is needed. 2 Normative references T
21、he following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5682-1, Equipment for crop protection Spraying
22、 equipment Part 1: Test methods for sprayer nozzles ISO 25358, Crop protection equipment Droplet-size spectra from atomizers Measurement and classification 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 spray drift quantity of spray liquid t
23、hat is carried out of the sprayed (treated) area by the action of air currents during the application process 3.2 spray drift potential fraction of the spray, as a percentage of the output of a spray generator, that is displaced downwind as airborne spray 3.3 boundary layer layer of air in the immed
24、iate vicinity of the wind tunnel floor where the local mean horizontal air velocity is retarded to less than 95 % of the nominal air speed Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:48, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 22856:2008 ISO 22856:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3.4
25、 nominal air speed v average velocity of the wind tunnel horizontal air flow (in the main direction of the air flow) outside the boundary layer NOTE 1 The nominal air speed is expressed in meters per second (ms1). NOTE 2 See A.3. 3.5 degree of turbulence T variation of the horizontal air velocity re
26、lated to the nominal air speed NOTE 1 The degree of turbulence is expressed in percentage. NOTE 2 See A.4. 3.6 local variability of air velocity S local variation of horizontal air velocity (in the main direction of the air flow) related to the nominal air speed NOTE 1 The local variability of air v
27、elocity is expressed in percentage. NOTE 2 See A.5. 3.7 sprayed area area to which the spray treatment is intended 3.8 virtual wind tunnel floor virtual plane parallel to the wind tunnel floor situated at, or above, the edge of the boundary layer 4 Principles The measurement of spray drift potential
28、 in a wind tunnel comprises the application of a material generally being, or simulating, a plant protection product formulation by a spray generator positioned within the wind tunnel. The spray generator can be static or moved, normally by traversing at right angles to the air flow. Wind tunnels us
29、ed for these tests shall be capable of generating and maintaining the nominal air speed with a low degree of turbulence. They shall be of a sufficient size to permit the spray generator to be used so that the air flow is not disturbed by the proximity of internal walls or the spray generator (or its
30、 mounting) and have enough height and downwind distance to contain sufficient arrays of sampling devices or collectors for assessment of spray drift potential (see Annex A). Spray drift potential shall be measured by sampling or collecting spray displaced by the air flow in a defined downwind area w
31、hich is commonly done by using traceable materials which are collected by defined passive sampling surfaces, normally standard line collectors. If results are to be used to classify relative spray drift potential of spray generators then the sampler or collector used shall provide comparable results
32、 to the standard sampling line collectors (see Annex B). Spray drift potential is calculated using a computational algorithm or formula to translate the measurements made in the wind tunnel into the likely spray drift from the spray generator in field use. The results should only be used to classify
33、 relative spray drift potential when compared to a reference spray generator and only results from individual statically mounted spray generators should be used for spray drift potential classification purposes. Multi-nozzle spray drift potential can be calculated to represent a typical field sprayi
34、ng application from field crop sprayers and the result may be used to calculate distances required for safe application away from sensitive areas such as water courses. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:48, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 22856:2008 ISO 22856:2008(E) ISO
35、2008 All rights reserved 3 5 Test methods 5.1 Wind tunnel design and layout Wind tunnels shall be large enough to generate and maintain the nominal air velocity at which the measurements are to be made with a uniform velocity profile, with a maximum local variability of air velocity of 5 %, whilst n
36、ot exceeding a maximum degree of turbulence of 8 % along the whole length of the wind tunnel where drift measurements are being made (see Annex A). A commonly used layout is shown in Annex C, with 2 ms1 being the airspeed commonly used for measurements for classification of relative spray drift pote
37、ntial. Different wind tunnel designs and layouts may be acceptable for measurement with different airflows and speeds but to measure relative spray drift potential for spray generators that would be mounted on field crop sprayers travelling at forward speeds u20 kmh1, then the wind tunnel shall have
38、 a minimum height of 1 m and a minimum width of 2 m and be capable of generating nominal air speeds in excess of 2 m.s1. The length of the wind tunnel working section should be at least 2 m longer (at least 1 m at both ends) than the distance over which spray generators and samplers or collectors ar
39、e mounted (see Annex C). The floor of the wind tunnel shall be designed to minimise any spray liquid splashes or spray droplet bounce by, for example, using an artificial turf surface or grid. The spray generator mounting, control and supply lines shall be arranged so as to minimise disturbance to t
40、he air flow. 5.2 Preparation of test equipment For measurement of the airborne spray profile downwind of spray generators, spray generators shall be mounted in the centre of the wind tunnel and at a height recommended by the manufacturer above the virtual floor of the wind tunnel; the virtual floor
41、being at least at the upper edge of the boundary layer (see A.6). NOTE Some modification of these measuring technique(s) can be required to accommodate some spray generator designs, arrays, or uses. For example, it is sometimes required to test arrays of spray generators, such as part of a complete
42、short boom section. Any modifications to the measuring technique(s) used will give consideration to any effect this can have on air speed and turbulence around the spray generator and downwind as well as any disturbance to the movement, and distribution, of the airborne spray drift that can affect t
43、he sampling or collecting technique. The spray liquid supply to the spray generator shall be via solenoid valve(s) or similar control devices with a rapid switch-on and cut-off. A minimum spray time of 5 s should be used but appropriate spray times should be verified prior to measurement to avoid sa
44、turation of samplers or collectors, particularly regarding liquid retention capacity of sampling lines (see Clause 4 and Annex B). Supplies of atomising air (where applicable) and any power inputs to the spray generator (e.g. electrical supply to a motor) shall be controlled and measured via a pre-s
45、et controlled supply system. 5.3 Sampling and collection techniques A variety of sampling or collecting devices can be used in the defined downwind sampling area, but these shall be appropriate for sampling from the entire spray plume emitted, i.e. the whole cloud of airborne spray. Since spray drif
46、t is principally of smaller spray droplets, any samplers or collectors used shall be appropriate in having a high collection efficiency (see Annex B). Airborne spray shall be sampled or collected on horizontal and vertical samplers or collectors arranged across the wind tunnel (ensuring that they ca
47、n sample or collect from the entire spray plume). Spray droplets are commonly captured on a defined passive sampling surface, normally polythene polyethylene (PE) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sampling lines of 1,98 mm or 2,00 mm in diameter arranged across the tunnel in both vertical and horizo
48、ntal arrays at various downwind distances from the spray generator. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:48, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 22856:2008 ISO 22856:2008(E) 4 ISO 2008 All rights reserved If the spray liquid is collected on sampling lines, then it shall be quant
49、ified by recovering the tracer captured on the lines by a known quantity of solvent such as de-ionised water and then using appropriate analytical techniques calibrated against samples of the original spray liquid taken from the spray generator (see Annex B). Sampling times used shall not allow any overloading, and therefore loss, of spray liquid retained on collectors. NOTE If using sampling lines, this applies at any location along their length. Saturation levels can generally be simply assessed by correlating
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