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1、EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15530 January 2008 ICS 77.150.10 English Version Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Environmental aspects of aluminium products - General guidelines for their inclusion in standards Aluminium et alliages daluminium - Aspects environnementaux des pro
2、duits daluminium - Lignes directrices gnrales pour leur intgration dans les normes Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen - Umweltaspekte von Aluminiumerzeugnissen - Allgemeine Leitlinien fr ihre Bercksichtigung in Normen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 December 2007. CEN members are bo
3、und to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the
4、CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same st
5、atus as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Roman
6、ia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved
7、worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15530:2008: E EN 15530:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction.4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 General guidance.6 4.1 Practical procedure on how to introduce provisions dealing with environmental aspects into Eu
8、ropean Standards6 4.2 Life cycle approach for aluminium products7 4.3 Techniques for identifying and assessing environmental impacts .7 4.4 Heavy metals and other hazardous substances 7 5 Overview of environmental aspects of aluminium products in different applications 8 5.1 General8 5.2 Aluminium p
9、roducts for transport application.8 5.3 Aluminium products for building and construction.9 5.4 Aluminium products for packaging applications.10 5.5 Aluminium products for other applications10 Annex A (informative) Guidance how to treat aluminium in life cycle assessments.11 A.1 General requirements
10、of EN ISO 14044.11 A.2 Treatment of energy flows11 A.3 Treatment of recycling 12 Annex B (informative) Checklist addressing environmental aspects16 B.1 General16 B.2 Identification of environmental aspects of the product life cycle by means of the CEN temporary checklist (Step 1)16 B.3 Environmental
11、 checklist to be attached to all draft standards sent out for CEN/TC Technical Enquiry, CEN Enquiry and Formal Vote 17 B.4 Identification of environmental impacts that can be influenced by the European Standard (step 2) 18 B.5 Final consideration of environmental aspects in the European Standard (st
12、ep 3)18 B.6 Example 1: aluminium products in the mass transport sector.19 B.7 Example 2: aluminium products in the building sector.20 Bibliography23 DIN EN 15530:2008-06 EN 15530:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15530:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 132 “Aluminium and alum
13、inium alloys”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Within its program of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 132 entrusted CEN/TC 132/WG 14 “General support” to prepare this document. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical t
14、ext or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible
15、for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germ
16、any, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 15530:2008-06 EN 15530:2008 (E) 4 Introduction European standards often deal with aspects
17、 of trade, quality, health and the safety of products, processes or services. By additionally considering environmental aspects, European standardization is extended to the frame of sustainable development. General guidance for the inclusion of environmental aspects in product standards is given by
18、CEN Guide 4. This Guide covers the consideration of environmental aspects in standards dealing with aluminium products and is intended for standard writers. The aim of CEN Guide 4 is to provide a helpful tool for technical experts in the production chain of the aluminium product, who are involved in
19、 standardization, but are not necessarily environmental experts. The purpose of CEN Guide 4 is: a) to describe the environmental aspects in product standards; b) to outline the relationship between product standards and the environment; c) to help avoid provisions in product standards that may lead
20、to adverse environmental impacts; d) to emphasize that addressing environmental aspects during the development of product standards is a complex process and requires balancing competing priorities; e) to recommend the use of life cycle thinking and recognized scientific techniques when addressing en
21、vironmental aspects of a product being standardized. CEN Guide 4 states that it is supplemented by sectorial guides in order to reflect the diversity of environmental impacts that products may have. This European Standard may be considered as such a sectorial guide, as it considers aluminium product
22、s as a product sector for different applications (e.g. vehicles, building, packaging etc.). It is based on the expertise of representatives of the aluminium industry with environmental knowledge. Depending on the way a European Standard is written, the provisions included and those omitted, the envi
23、ronmental impact of those products and processes may be influenced. The experts writing or revising European Standards should be aware of the relevance of environmental aspects and possible environmental impacts. In order to achieve this, guidance on how to take environmental issues systematically i
24、nto account should be given. DIN EN 15530:2008-06 EN 15530:2008 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard gives guidelines for standard writers who draft standards dealing with aluminium products or dealing with semi-finished products which are intended to be used for aluminium products. It applies to al
25、l applications of aluminium products It provides a structure on how to identify and consider environmental aspects and potential environmental impacts of aluminium products throughout their life cycle, when writing standards taking into account the specific properties of aluminium and specific aspec
26、ts of the life cycle of aluminium products. It gives guidance on how the life cycle of aluminium products should be taken into account, considering the provisions given in EN ISO 14044. It also explains cases where restrictions on aluminium products, which are motivated by environmental consideratio
27、ns, are not appropriate and gives guidance on how to avoid unnecessary requirements. This European Standard does not include health and safety aspects related to the production, use or recycling of aluminium products. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for th
28、e application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12258-1:1998, Aluminium and aluminium alloys Terms and definitions Part 1: General terms EN ISO 14044:200
29、6, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Requirements and guidelines (ISO 14044:2006) CEN Guide 4:2005, Guide for the inclusion of environmental aspects in products standards 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12258-1:1998 and th
30、e following apply. 3.1 aluminium product product which contains a significant portion of aluminium in metallic form in order to achieve the desired functions NOTE Aluminium products can be offered to a consumer or delivered to further downstream manufacturing. 3.2 standard writer any person taking p
31、art in the preparation of European Standards CEN Guide 4:2005 3.3 environmental aspect element of an organizations activities or products or services that can interact with the environment NOTE A significant environmental aspect has or can have a significant environmental impact. DIN EN 15530:2008-0
32、6 EN 15530:2008 (E) 6 EN ISO 14001:2004 3.4 environmental impact any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organizations environmental aspect EN ISO 14001:2004 3.5 life cycle consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw ma
33、terial acquisition or generation from natural resources to their final disposal EN ISO 14044:2006 4 General guidance 4.1 Practical procedure on how to introduce provisions dealing with environmental aspects into European Standards 4.1.1 Many European Standards about aluminium products exist without
34、any provisions to make the user aware of environmental aspects and potential environmental impacts. This need not lead directly to products which are less environmentally friendly, because the designer has other incentives to consider environmental aspects, such as economic considerations, legal req
35、uirements etc. However, the inclusion of environmental provisions encourages the consideration of environmental aspects in cases where such incentives do not exist. 4.1.2 In many cases it is sufficient to include the necessary provisions when revising European Standards about aluminium products by t
36、he inclusion of a new clause or subclause where the relevant environmental aspects are formulated. EXAMPLE In EN 13981-1:2003 requirements and guidance on aluminium profiles for railway application are formulated, without mentioning possible environmental aspects. For the next revision of this Europ
37、ean Standard it would be advisable to include an additional clause stating that mass savings generate savings of electricity or diesel during the whole use stage of the railway car of about 30 years. Each weight reduction of 1 kg in a railway car saves about 60 kg to 80 kg CO2 equivalents of green-h
38、ouse gas for long distance trains and 100 kg to 150 kg CO2 equivalents of green-house gas for short distance trains, trams and subway trains 1, 2 4.1.3 Environmental impacts related to a product can be affected due to product standardization. This aspect should be balanced against other factors, suc
39、h as: product function; performance; safety and health; cost; marketability; quality; legal and regulatory requirements. DIN EN 15530:2008-06 EN 15530:2008 (E) 7 4.2 Life cycle approach for aluminium products 4.2.1 Any inclusion of environmental aspects into product standards shall consider the life
40、 cycle of the product. This means that all stages of the life cycle of the relevant aluminium product, including production of the product from raw material, use of the product, end-of-life of the product, should be considered by a systematic procedure in order to identify significant environmental
41、aspects: see Annex B. 4.2.2 Standard writers should be aware of the consequences of the provisions, based on environmental considerations, which they include in European Standards. Especially, it makes no sense to require a high content of recycled aluminium in an aluminium product, because recycled
42、 aluminium usually has the same inherent properties as primary aluminium and would be missing in another product. Instead, standard writers should consider design for (end-of-life) recycling, i.e. make sure that a high portion of the aluminium is recycled. 4.2.3 Guidance how to treat aluminium in LC
43、As, based on EN ISO 14044, with special regard to recycling issues, is given in Annex A. 4.3 Techniques for identifying and assessing environmental impacts 4.3.1 For the design of aluminium products, the guidance given in ISO/TR 14062 should be considered. 4.3.2 For the most important sectors where
44、aluminium is used, i.e. transport, building and packaging, the most important environmental aspects to be considered are specified in Clause 5. 4.3.3 In accordance with CEN Guide 4, additional environmental aspects, specific for the relevant design and product life cycle, shall be identified by scre
45、ening procedures as laid down in Annex B. 4.3.4 If a proposed measure has both positive and negative consequences on the environment (trade-offs), then resulting environmental provisions should be based on life cycle assessments. 4.4 Heavy metals and other hazardous substances 4.4.1 There is a need
46、to protect the environment against heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and mercury, since they have ecotoxic effects including bioaccumulation. However, if such metals exist as impurities in aluminium, they are present in solid solution in the metallic grid or as dispersed constituents of a size smal
47、ler than 1 m. Such impurities do not leach out when aluminium is exposed to atmosphere or neutral water during its use or in rare cases where it is littered or land-filled after the end-of-life of a product. NOTE Aluminium is not considered as a hazardous substance by European legislation. 4.4.2 Sta
48、ndard writers should consider that too strict limitations of impurities can hamper the recycling of aluminium. EXAMPLE Mixed shredded scrap can easily be recycled into foundry alloys when the lead limit for such alloys is 0,35 % by mass: see EN 1676. With lower limits, aluminium recycling is hampere
49、d. 4.4.3 Hexavalent chromium is a hazardous substance which can be used for the pre-treatment of aluminium surfaces before coating. Standard writers should consider that for higher intended life times of the aluminium product, substitutes according to the state of the art can compromise the total life time of the product. DIN EN 15530:2008-06 EN 15530:2008 (E) 8 NOTE The term “hexavalent chromium” is not applicable for the chemical analysis of metals as specified in EN 573-3 or EN 1676. 4.4.4 Other hazardous substances are poss
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