Encyclopedia of Early Cinema(Part G) .pdf
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1、 G Gabet, (Baron) Francisque Franois Marie b. 1846; d. 1930 businessman, France Baron Gabet was the tutelary figure on the board of directors of the Compagnie gnrale de Phonographes et Cinmatographes et Appareils de precision (Path-Frres), which he headed from 1900 until his death. A former Lyon sto
2、ckbroker, Gabet represented the business and financial world of the city on the companys board of directors. He also was president of the board of directors of Cinmatographe Monopole (one of six Path concessionary companies for exhibiting and renting films), founded in 1907. Finding it impossible to
3、 support the two companies often contradictory interests, he resigned from the latter in 1909. Gabet served on the boards of directors of many important industrial companies. An advocate of alpine sports and tourism, he headed the Club Alpin Franais from 1919 to 1922. JEAN-JACQUES MEUSY Gad, Urban b
4、. 1879; d. 1947 filmmaker, Denmark Gads mother was a leading Danish playwright, which led him to begin his career as a stage designer. In 1910, he directed the independently produced Afgrunden The Abyss, which gave Asta Nielsen her international breakthrough. This “art film in two acts” was not only
5、 of an unusual length for its time (850 meters), but also dramatically well structured. Gad directed most of Nielsens films until 1914, in Denmark and Germany. In 1919, he published Filmen-dens Midler og Maal Film: Purpose and Practice (translated into German in 1921), the first major book in Danish
6、 on filmmaking. CASPER TYBJERG Encyclopedia of early cinema 376 Gallo, Mario b. 1874; d. 1945 director, producer, Argentina Gallo emigrated from Italy to Argentina in 1905. He had the distinction of making the countrys first fiction film, La revolucin de Mayo The May Revolution (1909), as well as El
7、 fusilamiento de Dorrego The Execution of Dorrego (1910), for the centenary celebrations of Argentine independence. Credited with directing several important historical films, he also founded a film laboratory, film studio, and production company, Actualidades Gallo Film, which released a newsreel b
8、eginning in 1920. As early as 1908, he experimented with synchronizing phonographs and moving pictures, and later be often filmed adaptations of operas and, during exhibition, had singers perform behind the screen. KATHLEEN NEWMAN Ganguly, Dhirendranath b. 1893; d. 1978 painter, photographer, filmma
9、ker, actor, India A painter and art teacher, Ganguly turned to photography and filmmaking when he set up IndoBritish Film in Calcutta in 1918. Its first production, Bilet Pherat England Returned (1921), directed by Nitish C.Lahiri and starring Ganguly himself, is considered a landmark: the first Ind
10、ian film set in a contemporary setting, a genre later called “social.” After a brief stint as producer in Hyderabad, Ganguly returned to Calcutta to establish British Dominion Films (1929) with famous actor-director P.C.Barua. Ganguly continued to direct and act in films well into the sound era. SUR
11、ESH CHABRIA Gardin, Vladimir b. 1877; d. 1965 filmmaker, Russia The “black sheep” of a respectable military family, Gardin abandoned an army career in 1898 for the theater. In 1912, he joined the Khanzhonkov studio as an actor. Gardin quickly moved on to a lucrative career at Thiemann d. 1968 actor,
12、 producer, director, scenarist, costume designer, USA A beautiful, convention-defying woman with a prosperous, aristocratic background, Helen Gardner studied acting and pantomime at the predecessor of the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. She began her film career at Vitagraph in How She Won Him (1
13、910) and achieved critical praise and popularity as Becky Sharp in Vanity Fair (1911). In early 1912, Gardner formed her own production company, Helen Gardner Picture Players, the first American company established by a star and with the purpose of making multiple-reel/feature films. In addition to
14、producing and starring in her own films, made at her Old Tappan (New Jersey) studio, she also worked as editor and costume designer. Her first film, Cleopatra (1912), is considered the first six-reel feature produced in the USA. The steamy roles she created for herself led critics to call Gardner th
15、e screens first vamp. In 1914, after producing eleven features, Gardner closed her company and was hired by Vitagraph and other companies to act, direct and write scenarios. In 1918, she founded another company and produced a remake of Cleopatra. In all, she appeared in more than fifty films from 19
16、10 to 1924. DORIN GARDNER SCHUMACHER Grtner, Adolf b. 1870; d. ? director, writer, Germany Encyclopedia of early cinema 378 A stage actor and director, Grtner was brought into the film business by Oskar Messter in 1910. Only occasionally working in comedy, as with the country-bumpkin subject, Merick
17、e aus Neu-Ruppin kommt nach Berlin Mericke from Neu-Ruppin Comes to Berlin (1911), he soon became the regular director of the companys popular star, Henny Porten. Grtners dramatic treatment of cinematic space and narrative conflict in melodramas such as Tragdie eines Streiks Tragedy of a Strike (191
18、1) or Des Pfarrers Tchterlein The Priests Daughter (1912) decisively shaped Portens star image, before he was replaced by Curt A.Stark in 1912. Grtner, who coauthored some of his films, left Messter in 1913 and turned to work for Ernst Reichers Stuart Webbs-Film Company, where he directed some of th
19、e most remarkable of its popular detective films, including Die Toten erwachen The Dead Awaken (1915) and Der gestreifte Domino The Striped Domino (1915). MICHAEL WEDEL Gasnier, Louis b. 1882; d. 1963 filmmaker, producer, France, USA Hired at Path-Frres in 1905, Gasnier specialized in comic films su
20、ch as Le Cheval emball The Runaway Horse (1908) and directed several installments in the Boireau series as well as the first films featuring Max Linder. Beginning in 1909, he helped Charles Path establish foreign subsidiaries, including Film dArte Italiana and, more important, Path-American, whose n
21、ew studio was located in Bound Brook (New Jersey). Gasnier served as artistic director of the American company and also made films, most notably the famous serial, The Perils of Pauline (1914). Its success enabled him to create his own company, Astra Film, which supplied Path with detective serials
22、well into the 1920s. He then settled in the USA permanently. LAURENT LE FORESTIER Gaumont At the start of World War I, Gaumont was Frances second largest producer, distributor, and exhibitor. It released six globally distributed films a week; it operated the worlds largest movie theater; and its dir
23、ectors contributed to the emerging conception of films as engrossing narratives. With its rival, Path-Frres, Gaumont was instrumental in creating a middle-class mass audience. Lon Gaumont acquired a photographic and portable camera business and named it L.Gaumont Vitagraphs two and three-reel melodr
24、amas; Paths dark social realist films; and D.W.Griffiths exported works. Perret and Feuillade became adept at melodrama in subjects such as Gardien de la Camargue The Camargue Ranger (1910) and Le Coeur et largent Love vs. Money (1912). In 1911, Gaumont released Feuillades social problem films under
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