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1、Guidelines for Electromagnetic Interference Testing in Power Plants Revision 1 Technical Report L I C E N S E D M A T E R I A L WARNING: Please read the Export Control and License Agreement on the back cover before removing the Wrapping Material. Effective December 6, 2006, this report has been made
2、 publicly available in accordance with Section 734.3(b)(3) and published in accordance with Section 734.7 of the U.S. Export Administration Regulations. As a result of this publication, this report is subject to only copyright protection and does not require any license agreement from EPRI. This not
3、ice supersedes the export control restrictions and any proprietary licensed material notices embedded in the document prior to publication. Guidelines for Electromagnetic Interference Testing in Power Plants Revision 1 TR-102323-R1 2409; 4409 Final Report, January 1997 Prepared for Electric Power Re
4、search Institute 3412 Hillview Avenue Palo Alto, California 94304 EPRI Project Manager R.W. James Operations OR (B) ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING ANY CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF EPRI OR ANY EPRI REPRESENTATIVE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY O
5、F SUCH DAMAGES) RESULTING FROM YOUR SELECTION OR USE OF THIS REPORT OR ANY INFORMATION, APPARATUS, METHOD, PROCESS, OR SIMILAR ITEM DISCLOSED IN THIS REPORT. ORGANIZATION(S) THAT PREPARED THIS REPORT: PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC to provide a basis for recommended EMI limits and obtain NRC approval. APPR
6、OACHThe EPRI project team reviewed emissions measurements collected at nuclear power plants in response to regulatory requirements and assessed the threat to operating digital systems. They also analyzed emissions data collected by the NRC in the 1980s from two plants in operating and shutdown modes
7、. Additional data were obtained in 1993 and 1994 from seven plants representing different geo- graphical conditions, plant configurations, and NSSS vendor designs. The data obtained according to newly defined proceduresallowed investigators to compre- hensively assess the ambient environment for bot
8、h steady-state and transient EMI. Based on observed levels of EMI in nuclear power plants, the team developed guidelines for equipment susceptibility tests and testing levels as well as control of equipment emissions. Substantial technical dialogue with the NRC ensured its con- currence with the dev
9、eloped approach. RESULTSThis guide defines recommended, generic EMI susceptibility and emis- sions test levels to be used in establishing equipment electromagnetic compatibility for nuclear power plant applications. Specifically, the guide identifies emissions sources in nuclear power plants; recomm
10、ends appropriate standards for equipment testing; defines plant and equipment emissions limits; and details proper grounding, cable separation, emissions control of portable transceivers, and restriction of EMI sources in the vicinity of EMI-sensitive equipment. Recommended tests are refer- enced in
11、 standards defined by the military and commercial sectors, and the levels are conservative based on the analyzed data. EPRI RS-102323-R1Electric Power Research Institute After initial issuance of the report in September 1994, a final NRC review occurred over the following year. Conditional on incorp
12、oration of a num- ber of clarifications and publication of a revised report, the NRC issued a Safety Evaluation Report in April 1996 endorsing the revised report. The modifications incorporated into Revision 1 of this report as a result of the NRC review provide additional technical bases and clarif
13、ications related to the recommended susceptibility and emissions testing levels. None of the quantitative levels recommended in the initial report have changed, and the generic representativeness of the recommended levels is supported by the NRC, assuming no special circumstances leading to unusuall
14、y high susceptibility or emissions. As noted in the Safety Evalu- ation Report, plants will need to evaluate the systems to which they wish to apply the guidelines to ensure that none of the special conditions (as defined in the report) are present. EPRI PERSPECTIVEOperating experience has shown tha
15、t nuclear power industry EMI/RFI problems are primarily due to infrequent tran- sients rather than steady-state EMI. Site survey maps recently required by the NRC are designed to measure steady-state emissions and are unlikely to capture a transient event. This guide recommends equipment susceptibil
16、ity levels based on measurements of ambient emissions levels at nuclear power plants. Such measurements allowed definition of generic bounding EMI test limits. Since its original publication in September 1994, this document has been used by numerous utilities in equipment specifi- cation activities.
17、 PROJECT 2409; 4409 EPRI Project Manager: R. W. James Operations CHAR Services; EPRI NDE Center For ordering information about this report, call the EPRI Distribution Center (510) 934-4212. For membership information, call (415) 855-2514. EPRI Licensed Material v ABSTRACT Nuclear power plants undert
18、aking digital upgrades have been required to conduct expensive, site-specific electromagnetic surveys to demonstrate that electromagnetic interference (EMI) will not affect the operation of sensitive electronic equipment. This study was prompted by utilities desiring a more complete understanding of
19、 the EMI problem and to provide technically sound alternatives. Emissions data acquired previously from two nuclear plants and data collected by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission in the 1980s from two plants in the operating and shutdown modes were analyzed. Based on the emissions levels and ex
20、pected types and levels of interference in nuclear power plants, guidelines for equipment susceptibility tests were developed. The recommended tests are included in standards defined by the military and commercial sectors, and the levels are conservative based on the analyzed data. The working group
21、 defined specifications to obtain additional emissions data to validate these guidelines, develop a basis for equipment emissions testing, bound highest observed emissions from nuclear plants and eliminate the need for site surveys. Data were obtained from seven additional plants in 1993 and 1994. T
22、he report includes minimum EMI limiting practices and guidance on equipment and plant emission levels. Revision 1 of this report incorporates additional technical details and discussion which resolve comments made by Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) staff in their review of the initial publicatio
23、n of the report. The NRCs review of this report is documented in their Safety Evaluation Report dated April 16, 1996 (Ref. 28) and is included in this report as Appendix . This revision also incorporates corrections of typographical errors summarized the January 30, 1995 letter to all report holders
24、. The nature of the revisions to the report are generally to add more detail in areas where the NRC felt that more emphasis was needed and/or that misinterpretation was possible. The recommended susceptibility test limits and frequency ranges have not changed. The most substantive changes were an in
25、crease of the margin between the allowable plant emissions limit and the susceptibility limit from 6 dB to 8 dB in Chapter 7, removal of the statement that the continuous wave, radiated electric field test (10 kHz-1 Ghz) is interchangeable with the continuous wave, conducted emissions test (50 kHz-
26、400 MHz) in Appendix B, recommendation of low frequency emissions tests over a reduced frequency range for FCC Part 15, Class A equipment, and recommendation of radiated magnetic field emissions tests under selected special conditions. EPRI Licensed Material vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This guide was develo
27、ped based on emissions data acquired at several nuclear plants. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance rendered by the following plant personnel, listed in alphabetical order, in providing the data cited in this report: Cliff Bailey, Arizona Public Service John Chiarella, Connecticut Yank
28、ee Ken Cutler, Philadelphia Electric Company Tom Hokemeyer, Carolina Power and Light Lee Huniger, Florida Power and Light Tony Langley, Tennessee Valley Authority Rick Mason, Commonwealth Edison Lori McGuire, Centerior Energy Ky Nguyen, Arizona Public Service and Ifti Rana, Southern Nuclear Company
29、The authors are grateful to National Testing Systems, Acton, Mass., which performed the emissions testing at several plant sites. Marty Metcalf, Craig Irish and Chris Burr deserve special mention. The members of the EPRI Electromagnetic Interference Working Group provided critical reviews and commen
30、ts and the authors are grateful for their contributions. The members are listed in Appendix A. Carl Yoder, Baltimore Gas and Electric, the Chairman of the Working Group, provided valuable guidance throughout. EPRI Licensed Material ix CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 Background 1-1 The EPRI/Utility EMI W
31、orking Group . 1-1 Purpose 1-2 Report Organization. 1-2 2 EMISSIONS DATA DESCRIPTION 2-1 Introduction 2-1 Standards. 2-2 Nuclear Plant Emissions Data 2-5 Turkey Point 2-5 Zion. 2-5 Plant Emissions Data Comparison Between Operating and Shut-Down Conditions 2-6 Procedure for Obtaining Early Emissions
32、Data 2-6 3 EVALUATION OF PLANT EMISSIONS DATA 3-1 Introduction 3-1 Conducted Emissions. 3-1 Electric Fields. 3-2 Portable Transceiver Emissions. 3-3 Radiated Magnetic Fields. 3-4 4 EQUIPMENT SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTS 4-1 5 GUIDELINES FOR GENERIC PLANT EMISSIONS MEASUREMENTS. 5-1 Generic Measurements Proc
33、edure 5-1 Recommended Emissions Measurements. 5-2 Collecting Emissions Data at EMI/RFI Sensitive Equipment 5-3 Selecting Systems for EMI Survey. 5-5 EPRI Licensed Material x Generic Emissions Measurements Data 5-6 Haddam Neck. 5-6 Browns Ferry 5-6 Brunswick . 5-7 Perry. 5-7 Vogtle 5-7 Peach Bottom .
34、 5-7 Palo Verde 5-7 Generic Plant Emissions Data Analysis . 5-8 Conducted Emissions-Low Frequency 5-8 Conducted Emissions-High Frequency . 5-8 Radiated Magnetic Emissions. 5-12 Radiated Electric Field 5-13 Conducted Transient Emissions. 5-15 Confidence in Measured Transient Levels . 5-15 Improving S
35、usceptibility Test Waveform. 5-16 Generic Measurements Conclusions . 5-17 6 MINIMUM EMI LIMITING PRACTICE 6-1 Purpose 6-1 Application 6-1 Requirements. 6-1 Recommendations . 6-1 Definitions 6-2 Controlling Emissions Sources. 6-2 Portable Transceivers (Walkie-Talkies) 6-2 Arc Welding 6-4 Grounding 6-
36、4 Equipment and Cable Separation 6-5 Equipment Emissions Testing versus Design Requirements. 6-7 Option 1 6-7 Option 2 6-8 Power Distribution Design Practices 6-8 Design Configuration Control Practices . 6-8 7 PLANT AND EQUIPMENT EMISSIONS LIMITS . 7-1 EPRI Licensed Material xi Plant Emissions 7-1 E
37、quipment Emissions. 7-1 Equipment Conducted Emissions, 30 Hz to 50 kHz. 7-2 Equipment Conducted Emissions, 50 kHz to 400 MHz 7-3 Equipment Radiated Magnetic Field Emissions, 30 Hz to 100 kHz 7-4 Equipment Radiated Electric Field Emissions, 10 kHz to 1GHz. 7-5 8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . 8-1 9 REFERE
38、NCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 9-1 A EMI WORKING GROUP MEMBERS.A-1 B EMI SUSCEPTIBILITY GUIDE B-1 C SAMPLE EMISSIONS DATA COLLECTED AT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTSC-1 D NRC QUESTIONS AND EPRI/UTILITY EMI WORKING GROUP RESPONSESD-1 E NRC SAFETY EVALUATION REPORT.E-1 EPRI Licensed Material xii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2
39、-1 Limit for CEO3/CE102 Narrowband Emissions 2-3 Figure 2-2 Limit for REO2/RE102 Narrowband Emissions. 2-4 Figure 5-1 Schematic Illustration of EMI Sources from Surrounding Equipment and Measurement Locations. 5-5 Figure 5-2 Composite Highest Observed Plant Conducted Emissions CEO1 Envelope at Seven
40、 Nuclear Power PlantsError! Bookmark not defined. Figure 5-3 Composite Highest Observed Plant Conducted Emissions CEO3 Envelope at Seven Nuclear Power Plants . 5-10 Figure 5-4 Composite Highest Observed Plant Radiated Emissions REO1 Envelope at Seven Nuclear Power Plants . 5-11 Figure 5-5 Composite
41、Highest Observed Plant Radiated Emissions REO2 Envelope at Seven Nuclear Power Plants 5-12 Figure 5-6 Composite Highest Observed Transient Plant Emissions at Seven Nuclear Power Plants . 5-13 Figure 6-1 Recommended Minimum Exclusion Distance (in meters) as a Function of Transceiver Field Strength (V
42、/m) at 1 meter 6-4 Figure 6-2 Illustration of Equipment and Cable Separation Requirements for Power Generation EMI/RFI Emitters. 6-7 Figure 7-1 Recommended Allowable Plant and Equipment Conducted Emissions Levels between 30 Hz to 50 kHz. 7-3 Figure 7-2 Recommended Allowable Plant and Equipment Condu
43、cted Emissions Levels between 50 kHz to 400 MHz . 7-4 Figure 7-3 Recommended Allowable Plant and Equipment Radiated Emissions Levels between 30 Hz to 100 kHz. 7-5 EPRI Licensed Material xiii Figure 7-4 Recommended Allowable Plant and Equipment Radiated Emissions Levels between 10 kHz to 1,000 MHz. 7
44、-6 EPRI Licensed Material xiv LIST OF TABLES Table 4-1 Plant EMI Sources and Recommended Susceptibility Tests. 4-2 Table 6-1 Equipment and Cable Separation Requirements for New Power Generation EMI/RFI Emitters. 6-6 EPRI Licensed Material 1-1 1 INTRODUCTION Background Nuclear power plants are undert
45、aking the replacement of obsolete analog instrumentation and control (I radiated emission data according to RE01 and RE02; and DC magnetic field data. While the general measurement procedures were followed in obtaining this data, it should be pointed out that the intent of MIL-STD-461 is to measure
46、emissions from a specified equipment under rigorous set up conditions with the measurement probes located at precise distances and to preclude all emissions coming from external sources. The emissions measurements in the MIL-STD therefore describe the equipment levels and not the plant levels. In ad
47、dition, due to spatial constraints in the plant in setting up antennas EPRI Licensed Material Emissions Data Description 2-7 for measurement of radiated fields, it was not always possible to follow the exact measurement procedure specified in the military standards. For instance, the radiated magnet
48、ic field measurement under RE01 calls for the probe to be 7 cm. ( 3 in.) from the surface of the device under test: data collected at Zion indicates that the probe was 50 cm. (20 in.) from cabinet surfaces. For the radiated electric field measurement under RE02 standard, the antenna must be located
49、1 meter from the device under test with no back reflections. The data acquired at Zion indicates that the antenna was located in the center of aisles (maximum clearance) which again does not match the requirements. In recognition of these differences, direct comparison of the plant emissions data to MIL-STD 461 equipment emissions limits is not possible. MIL-HDBK-235 (8) gives some guidance to determining the electromagnetic environment. This handbook is general in nature; however, paragraph 4.3.2, titled “Conditions Precluding Exposure“ mentions dimensional restrictions which contrib
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