Fuel Efficient Internal Combustion Engine Technologies Worldwide.pdf
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1、SBI 11200 Rockville Pike Rockville, Maryland 20852 800.706.8242 240.747.3097 Fuel Efficient Internal Combustion Engine Technologies Worldwide February 2012 This page intentionally left blank FUEL EFFICIENT INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE (ICE) TECHNOLOGIES WORLDWIDE FEBRUARY 2012 Fuel Efficient Internal
2、 Combustion Engine (ICE) Technologies Worldwide has been prepared by SBI Energy. Our market intelligence reports are specifically designed to aid the action-oriented executive by providing a thorough presentation of essential data and concise analysis. Vice President of Publishing Don Montuori Publi
3、sher Shelley Carr Author Robert Eckard Research Director David Sprinkle Production Assistant Farah Pierre Assistant Editor Daniel Granderson Publication Date February 2012 Copyright 2012 SBI Energy SB6235243 1-59814-409-X This page intentionally left blank Company Background SBI Energy (Specialists
4、in Business Information), a division of MarketR, publishes research reports in the industrial, energy, building/construction, and automotive/transportation markets. SBI Energy also offers a full range of custom research services. To learn more, visit . Why Buy From Us? In-depth researchexpert analys
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10、t meet the ongoing needs of our clients. Robert Eckard has over a decade of energy and environmental sector experience and leads a small industry research and technical consulting company. Robert has provided global, regional, and local market analysis and economic assessments; environmental analysi
11、s; and technical water and energy reporting to clients ranging from consulting firms, private companies and government organizations. Mr. Eckard is also pursuing a PhD in water and energy resources at the University of California, Davis. About the Author This page intentionally left blank Table of C
12、ontents Fuel Efficient Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Technologies Worldwide i SBI February 2012 Table of Contents Chapter 1 Executive Summary . 1 Scope . 1 Global Fuel Usage and Efficiency 1 Figure 1-1: Realized Transportation Energy Efficiency Savings, Canada, 1990-2008 (Barrels of Oil Equivalen
13、t) 2 Internal Combustion Engines and Fuel Efficient Internal Combustion Engines 3 Figure 1-2: United States Car and Light Truck Fuel Efficiency Standards (CAFE), 1978-2010 4 Existing and Anticipated Applications 4 Fuel Efficient ICE Systems: System Descriptions and Requirements 5 Table 1-1: Overview
14、 of EICE Technologies . 6 Environmental and Social Benefits of Fuel Efficient ICEs 6 Figure 1-3: Percent of Fuel Consumed for EICEs versus Conventional ICEs, Per Unit Output . 7 EICE Market Assessment 8 Engine Deactivation 8 Cylinder Deactivation 8 Variable Valve Timing and Lift 8 Turbochargers and
15、Superchargers . 8 Direct Fuel Injection 9 Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition . 9 Reduced Displacement Engine 9 Hybrid and Partial Hybrid 9 Split Cycle Engines . 9 Opposed Piston/Opposed Cylinder Engines 10 Total EICE Market 10 Figure 1-4: Global Market for EICE Technologies (Billion US Dollars)
16、 11 Industry Trends 11 Conventional ICE Cost Ranges 11 Figure 1-5: Engine Cost Ranges ($/Horsepower) 12 EICE Components Cost Ranges 12 Table 1-2: Additive Incremental Cost Data for EICE Systems, Based on Consumer Class Vehicles in the U.S. (Percent of Total Conventional ICE Cost) 13 Air Emissions Re
17、duction . 13 Table 1-3: Incremental CO2 Emission Reduction of Specialized Components and Auxiliary Systems Implementation . 14 Fuel Efficient Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Technologies Worldwide Table of Contents February 2012 SBI ii Figure 1-6: Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Standards for the U.S., Eur
18、opean Union, Japan, and China, Including Enacted and Proposed Standards. . 15 Balance of Power (Performance) and Efficiency 15 Research and Development 16 EICE Supply Chain 17 Figure 1-7: EICE Technologies Supply Chain . 17 EICE Product Promotion . 18 Job Creation 18 Table 1-4: Annual Worker Product
19、ivity Rates for EICE Technologies (Units Per Full Time Equivalent Per Year) . 19 Figure 1-8: Annualized Jobs Creation for All EICE Technologies, 2007 to 2021e (Full Time Equivalent Jobs Created or Lost Per Year) . 20 Competitive Profiles 20 EICE End Users 20 Table 1-5: EICE End User Categories 21 Fi
20、gure 1-9: Per Capita Disposable Income, 2000 to 2010 (US Dollars) 22 Summary . 23 Figure 1-10: Global Market for EICE Technologies (Billion US Dollars) 24 Chapter 2 Overview of Fuel Efficient Internal Combustion Engines 27 Scope 27 Global Liquid Fuels Usage and Future Trends 27 Fuel Efficiency . 28
21、Figure 2-1: Realized Transportation Energy Efficiency Savings, Canada, 1990-2008 (BOE) 29 Internal Combustion Engines: History and Applicability 30 Fuel Efficient Internal Combustion Engines . 31 Figure 2-2: United States Car and Light Truck Fuel Efficiency Standards (CAFE), 1978-2010 . 32 Existing
22、and Anticipated Applications 33 Figure 2-3: Annual Passenger and Commercial Vehicle Production Rates, 2000 to 2010 33 Transportation and Automotive Industry 33 Power Generation 34 Construction Equipment Industry . 34 Industrial Applications 35 Energy Resource Extraction 35 Materials Extraction and P
23、rocessing 35 Industrial Process 36 Table of Contents Fuel Efficient Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Technologies Worldwide iii SBI February 2012 Other 36 Fuel Efficient ICE Systems: System Descriptions and Requirements 37 Table 2-1: Overview of EICE Technologies . 37 Cylinder Deactivation 38 Variab
24、le Valve Timing and Lift 40 Turbochargers and Superchargers . 41 Direct Fuel Injection 43 Smaller Displacement Engines . 45 Hybrid and Partial Hybrid Systems . 46 Novel System Designs . 47 Split Cycle Engines . 47 Opposed Piston/Opposed Cylinder Engines 48 High Efficiency Hybrid Cycle 48 Non-Engine
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