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1、MANUAL DESIGN OF MULTIPLE-PIPE SLUG CATCHERS DEP 31.40.10.12-Gen. July 1998 DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE This document is confidential. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed to any third party without the prior written consent of Shell International Oil Products B.V. an
2、d Shell International Exploration and Production B.V., The Hague, The Netherlands. The copyright of this document is vested in these companies. All rights reserved. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any
3、means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic, recording or otherwise) without the prior written consent of the copyright owners. PREFACE DEP (Design and Engineering Practice) publications reflect the views, at the time of publication, of: Shell International Oil Products B.V. (SIOP) and Shell Interna
4、tional Exploration and Production B.V. (SIEP) and Shell International Chemicals B.V. (SIC) The Hague, The Netherlands, and other Service Companies. They are based on the experience acquired during their involvement with the design, construction, operation and maintenance of processing units and faci
5、lities, and they are supplemented with the experience of Group Operating companies. Where appropriate they are based on, or reference is made to, national and international standards and codes of practice. The objective is to set the recommended standard for good design and engineering practice appl
6、ied by Group companies operating an oil refinery, gas handling installation, chemical plant, oil and gas production facility, or any other such facility, and thereby to achieve maximum technical and economic benefit from standardization. The information set forth in these publications is provided to
7、 users for their consideration and decision to implement. This is of particular importance where DEPs may not cover every requirement or diversity of condition at each locality. The system of DEPs is expected to be sufficiently flexible to allow individual operating companies to adapt the informatio
8、n set forth in DEPs to their own environment and requirements. When Contractors or Manufacturers/Suppliers use DEPs they shall be solely responsible for the quality of work and the attainment of the required design and engineering standards. In particular, for those requirements not specifically cov
9、ered, the Principal will expect them to follow those design and engineering practices which will achieve the same level of integrity as reflected in the DEPs. If in doubt, the Contractor or Manufacturer/Supplier shall, without detracting from his own responsibility, consult the Principal or its tech
10、nical advisor. The right to use DEPs is granted by SIOP, SIEP or SIC, in most cases under Service Agreements primarily with companies of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group and other companies receiving technical advice and services from SIOP, SIEP or SIC. Consequently, three categories of users of DEPs can
11、 be distinguished: 1)Operating companies having a Service Agreement with SIOP, SIEP, SIC or other Service Company. The use of DEPs by these Operating companies is subject in all respects to the terms and conditions of the relevant Service Agreement. 2)Other parties who are authorized to use DEPs sub
12、ject to appropriate contractual arrangements. 3)Contractors/subcontractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers under a contract with users referred to under 1) or 2) which requires that tenders for projects, materials supplied or - generally - work performed on behalf of the said users comply with the relev
13、ant standards. Subject to any particular terms and conditions as may be set forth in specific agreements with users, SIOP, SIEP and SIC disclaim any liability of whatsoever nature for any damage (including injury or death) suffered by any company or person whomsoever as a result of or in connection
14、with the use, application or implementation of any DEP, combination of DEPs or any part thereof. The benefit of this disclaimer shall inure in all respects to SIOP, SIEP, SIC and/or any company affiliated to these companies that may issue DEPs or require the use of DEPs. Without prejudice to any spe
15、cific terms in respect of confidentiality under relevant contractual arrangements, DEPs shall not, without the prior written consent of SIOP and SIEP, be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever and the DEPs shall be used exclusively for the purpose for which they have been provided to
16、 the user. They shall be returned after use, including any copies which shall only be made by users with the express prior written consent of SIOP and SIEP. The copyright of DEPs vests in SIOP and SIEP. Users shall arrange for DEPs to be held in safe custody and SIOP or SIEP may at any time require
17、information satisfactory to them in order to ascertain how users implement this requirement. All administrative queries should be directed to the DEP Administrator in SIOP. NOTE: In addition to DEP publications there are Standard Specifications and Draft DEPs for Development (DDDs). DDDs generally i
18、ntroduce new procedures or techniques that will probably need updating as further experience develops during their use. The above requirements for distribution and use of DEPs are also applicable to Standard Specifications and DDDs. Standard Specifications and DDDs will gradually be replaced by DEPs
19、. DEP 31.40.10.12-Gen. July 1998 Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.INTRODUCTION.4 1.1SCOPE 4 1.2DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS4 1.3DEFINITIONS 4 1.4CROSS-REFERENCES6 2.GENERAL DESIGN ASPECTS.7 2.1INTRODUCTION.7 2.2TYPES OF SLUG CATCHER7 3.HYDRAULIC DESIGN.9 3.1GENERAL 9 3.2SLUG CA
20、TCHER SIZE.11 3.3SLUG CATCHER GEOMETRY AND COMPONENTS.12 3.4Liquid outlet header.17 3.5LIQUID LEVEL INDICATION AND CONTROL.18 3.6RECOMMENDED SEQUENCE OF CALCULATION19 4.MECHANICAL DESIGN20 4.1GENERAL 20 4.2MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE OPERATING PRESSURE.20 4.3DESIGN FACTOR FOR HOOP STRESS.20 4.4OTHER STRESS.20
21、 4.5SUPPORTS AND ANCHORS.20 4.6MATERIAL SELECTION.21 4.7WELDING 21 4.8INTERNAL/EXTERNAL CORROSION PROTECTION.21 4.9OVERPRESSURE PROTECTION22 4.10MAINTENANCE.22 4.11EMERGENCY DEPRESSURISATION22 5.HAZARDAND RISK MANAGEMENT23 5.1OBJECTIVE. 23 5.2HAZARD AND RISK MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT.23 5.3LOSS OF CONTA
22、INMENT23 5.4ESCALATION SCENARIOS23 5.5DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS.23 6.REFERENCES25 7.FIGURES. 26 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1LIQUID STORAGE CAPACITY OF A MULTIPLE-PIPE SLUG CATCHER 39 APPENDIX 2SEPARATION OF LIQUID DROPS IN A PRIMARY BOTTLE.40 DEP 31.40.10.12-Gen. July 1998 Page 3 1.INTRODUCTION 1.1SCOPE This n
23、ew DEP specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design of multiple-pipe slug catchers to be installed on land. Vessel-type slug catchers and parking loop slug catchers are only briefly described. 1.2DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS Unless otherwise authorised
24、by SIOP and SIEP, the distribution of this DEP is confined to companies forming part of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group or managed by a Group company, and to Contractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers nominated by them (i.e. the distribution code is “F”, as described in DEP 00.00.05.05-Gen.). This DEP is i
25、ntended for use in gas plants, exploration and production facilities and supply/marketing installations. If national and/or local regulations exist in which some of the requirements may be more stringent than in this DEP, the Contractor shall determine by careful scrutiny which of the requirements a
26、re the more stringent and which combination of requirements will be acceptable as regards safety, environmental, economic and legal aspects. In all cases the Contractor shall inform the Principal of any deviation from the requirements of this DEP which is considered to be necessary in order to compl
27、y with national and/or local regulations. The Principal may then negotiate with the Authorities concerned with the object of obtaining agreement to follow this DEP as closely as possible. 1.3DEFINITIONS 1.3.1General definitions The Contractor is the party which carries out all or part of the design,
28、 engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning or management of a project, or operation or maintenance of a facility. The Principal may undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor. The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party which manufactures or supplies equipment and services to perfo
29、rm the duties specified by the Contractor. The Principal is the party which initiates the project and ultimately pays for its design and construction. The Principal will generally specify the technical requirements. The Principal may also include an agent or consultant authorised to act for, and on
30、behalf of, the Principal. The word shall indicates a requirement. The word should indicates a recommendation. 1.3.2Specific definitions terms of slug catcher parts Bottle, primaryPipe-type part of a multiple-pipe slug catcher for separation of the fluid and storage of the liquids, sloping down under
31、 small angle(s) from the lower end of the downcomer (see Figure 3). Bottle, secondaryPipe-type part of a multiple-pipe slug catcher for storage of the liquids only, sloping down towards the liquid outlet header (see Figure 3). DowncomerVertical or steeply sloping pipes of a multiple-pipe slug catche
32、r between the inlet header and the primary bottles (see Figure 3). EqualizerA header interconnecting the bottles of a multiple-pipe slug catcher for the purpose of equalizing the pressure in the various bottles of the slug catcher (see Figure 3). DEP 31.40.10.12-Gen. July 1998 Page 4 Gas outlet head
33、erPart of a multiple-pipe slug catcher on top of and connecting allrisersforcollectionoftheoutgoinggasstreams (see Figure 3). Inlet headerPart of a multiple-pipe slug catcher in which the fluid is evenly distributed before entering the downcomers and in which fluid flowconditionsarefurtherimprovedfo
34、rseparation (see Figure 3). Also called distribution header. Liquid outlet headerThe lowest part of the multiple-pipe slug catcher, in which the liquid is collected for export (see Figure 3). Also called liquid header. Gas riserVertical pipe on top of a bottle, through which gas exits (see Figure 3)
35、. SeparatorEquipment for separating gas and liquids or various liquids of a mixed fluid. Slug catcherPart of a gas pipeline system for separation of the gas and liquid phases and for temporary storage of the liquids. Slug catcher, multiple-Slug catcher, made of pipe material. pipe type Slug catcher,
36、 parkingSlug catcher, where the separator is located apart from the loop typestorage part. The separator can be a vessel type and the storage part is made of pipeline material, which can be located away from the separator (see Figure 7). Slug catcher, vesselSlug catcher of limited dimensions and cap
37、acity, where typeseparator and storage parts are combined within one or a combination of vessels (see Figure 1). SplitterInlet of a multiple-pipe slug catcher in which the fluid stream is split up for even dstribution over the inlet header. (see Figure 2 and Figure 3). 1.3.3Symbols Cw drag coefficie
38、nt d diameter of droplet (m) D diameter (m) H hold-up fraction ggravity constant (m/s2) Llength (m) mnumber of risers per bottle nnumber of bottles Vvelocity (m/s) Volvolume (m3) Qgas flow rate (m3/s) ReReynolds number Greek symbols dynamic viscosity (N.s/m2) load factor (m/s) DEP 31.40.10.12-Gen. J
39、uly 1998 Page 5 or volumetric fraction of liquid in two-phase flow angle between bottle and horizontal plane density (kg/m3) Subscripts b bottle bufferbuffer lohliquid outlet header Ggas intintercept L liquid goh gas outlet header pb primary bottle pipeline pipeline s settle sb secondary bottle SC s
40、lug catcher SG superficial gas SL superficial liquid 1.3.4Abbreviations Dbottleinternal diameter of the multiple-pipe slug catcher bottles Ddowncornerinternal diameter of the downcorner Dgohinternal diameter of the gas outlet header Doutletinternal diameter of the gas outlet Driserinternal diameter
41、of the gas risers DPdifferential pressure MAOPmaximum allowable operating pressure SMYSspecified minimum yield strength SGVsphere-generated volume 1.4CROSS-REFERENCES Where cross-references to other parts of this DEP are made, the referenced section number is shown in brackets. Other documents refer
42、enced in this DEP are listed in (6) and (7). DEP 31.40.10.12-Gen. July 1998 Page 6 2.GENERAL DESIGN ASPECTS 2.1INTRODUCTION A two-phase flow pipeline is intended for transporting the gas and liquid phases simultaneously. The slug catcher situated at the end of the pipeline is intended to separate th
43、e phases and to provide temporary storage for the liquid received. There are different modes under which liquid can be produced from the pipeline. These include: the continuous liquid flow production mode under normal steady flow conditions; the intermittent or transient liquid production mode occur
44、ring when flow rates are varied; and the pigging or sphering mode when liquid is displaced from the pipeline into the slug catcher in a relatively short time. In the past ten years, the range of application of two-phase pipeline transportation has broadened considerably. Conditions under which slug
45、catchers are required to operate have extended to higher flowrates involving also mist and droplet flow conditions for which more stringent separation requirements have become necessary and in some cases very large liquid quantities have to be handled. This DEP has combined existing design approache
46、s with results based on an additional investigation of liquid separation under high velocity conditions so that the revised design requirements can be met. In the new approach, the function of separation at high flow velocities in a multiple-pipe slug catcher is assigned to the horizontal parts of p
47、rimary bottles before the gas risers. In the previous approach, the gas risers had to be sized to prevent liquid carry-over at the highest flow rate; with the new approach they have to be sized only to prevent carry-over during pig arrivals which occur at lower flow conditions and when the slug catc
48、her may be nearly full. The result of the different approach will be that the section of primary bottles required for liquid separation will be longer, compared to some older models, while the need for excessively large gas risers can be avoided. 2.2TYPES OF SLUG CATCHER Slug catchers can be broadly
49、 classified into the three following categories: 1.vessel type; 2.multiple-pipe type; 3.parking-loop type. 2.2.1Vessel-type slug catcher The geometry of the vessel-type slug catcher could range from a simple knock-out vessel to a more sophisticated lay-out (Figure 1). Since the overall length of vessel-type slug catchers is relatively short for a given volume this type is preferred in the case of limited plot sizes (e.g. offshore platforms). When larger liquid volumes have to be accommodated, say of more than 100 m3, either the multiple-pipe or the parking-loop type should be used. 2.2
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