GMW-14057-2006.pdf
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1、 WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Material Specification Metals GMW14057 Weld Acceptance Criteria and Repair Procedures Resistance Spot Welds Steel Copyright 2006 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved January 2006 Originating Department: North American Engineering Standards Page 1 of 10 1 Sc
2、ope This standard applies to steels approved by GM for Resistance Spot Welding (RSW). 1.1 Purpose. This standard provides the acceptance criteria and repair procedures for resistance spot welds in automotive products for which GM is responsible for establishing or approving product design. 1.2 Appli
3、cation. The criteria established in this standard become mandatory when referenced on a weld design document. Deviations from any weld criteria provided in this standard must be identified on a weld design document or other product design document and be approved using the Global Deviation Approval
4、Process (GWS-8). 1.3 Usage. Welded structures are considered satisfactory when they carry the intended service loads for a required period. Service loads on weldments in a vehicle are varied in both type and magnitude and cannot be addressed by this standard. Therefore, while the weld quality criter
5、ia of this standard are consistent with service loading requirements, they have been established specifically for use in process and product monitoring. Any attempted application of this document to other uses, such as post-crash weld quality assessment, may lead to an erroneous result or conclusion
6、. Discrepant welds by retaining a portion of their engineering properties may still contribute to the integrity of the assembly. 1.4 Process Control. The welding source is responsible for establishing practices and test methods to assure that the criteria of this standard are met, and are consistent
7、 with applicable Welding Process Control Procedures. 1.5 Clarification. For clarification of this standard or editorial comments, email the GMNA Weld Council at . Proposed changes to this standard must be presented to the GMNA Weld Council. To suggest a change to this standard, reference the “Proced
8、ure for Weld Standard Changes” on the GMNA Weld Councils webpage. 2 References Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified. 2.1 External Standards/Specifications. None 2.2 GM Standards/Specifications. GMW3059 GMW3001 GMW14058 2.3 Additional References. GWS-8 3
9、Requirements 3.1 Categories of Spot Welds. There are two categories of spot welds: structural and process. 3.1.1 Structural Spot Welds. Structural spot welds are installed for performance of the welded product. All spot welds are structural unless specifically noted as process welds on the weld desi
10、gn document. Structural spot welds shall be evaluated to the full requirements of sections 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4 of this standard. 3.1.2 Process Spot Welds. Process spot welds are installed to facilitate in-process assembly, but are not required for structural performance of the product. Process spot wel
11、ds must be approved by Product and Manufacturing Engineering and shown on the weld design document. Process spot welds shall be evaluated to the requirements of sections 3.2.1.2, 3.2.1.4 and 3.2.2.1 of this standard. GMW14057 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Copyright 2006 General Motors Corporati
12、on All Rights Reserved Page 2 of 10 January 2006 3.2 Individual Spot Weld Criteria. There are 15 attributes used to evaluate spot weld quality. These attributes are divided into two categories: attributes that make the weld discrepant; and attributes that do not make the weld discrepant, but the att
13、ribute is undesirable for appearance or processing. 3.2.1 Attributes Discrepant Welds. Welds that exhibit any of the following attributes are discrepant welds. The welding process shall be adjusted to its original qualified setup to eliminate the discrepant condition. 3.2.1.1 Cracks. Spot welds with
14、 any surface crack(s), that are visible without the aid of magnification, are discrepant welds. See Figure 3. 3.2.1.2 Holes. Spot welds that contain holes extending through the weld are discrepant welds. See Figure 7. 3.2.1.3 Edge Welds. Welds in which the spot weld imprint, as defined by the impres
15、sion left by the electrodes, is not contained within all edges of the sheet metal being welded are discrepant. See Figure 5, welds E & F. 3.2.1.4 Missing Welds. When fewer welds exist than are specified on the weld design document, the omitted welds are discrepant. 3.2.1.5 Cold Welds. Weld locations
16、 that do not produce a weld button after a chisel, pry or destruct test or do not indicate a nugget when the weld location is cross-sectioned are classified as cold welds. Cold welds are discrepant welds. 3.2.1.6 Weld Location. Spot welds must be properly located relative to design location as indic
17、ated on the weld template and to each other as follows. In a pattern consisting of a single in-line row of welds in which a distinct product feature provides visual reference to the end weld, an end weld installed greater than 10mm in radial distance from the design location is a discrepant weld. A
18、distinct product feature must be a visible trim edge or other recognizable part feature that is perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the row of welds and within 30mm of the end weld. For all other welds, a spot weld installed greater than 20mm in a radial distance from the design location is a d
19、iscrepant weld. If the spacing between two adjacent welds in a pattern consisting of a single in-line row of welds exceeds the design spacing by greater than 20mm, the weld furthest from the design location is a discrepant weld. -,-,- GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14057 Copyright 2006 Genera
20、l Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved January 2006 Page 3 of 10 3.2.1.7 Minimum Weld Size. The weld size may be measured by either using the weld button (Figure 10) or the weld nugget (Figure 13). The minimum weld sizes shown in Table 1 are based on the formula four times the square root of the D
21、etermining Thickness (DT), with the DT expressed in millimeters. A spot weld is discrepant when the weld size is less than the minimum acceptable weld size specified in Table 1. Table 1: Minimum Acceptable Weld Size Determining Thickness (DT) Minimum Acceptable Weld Size 0.65 - 1.29mm 4.0mm 1.30 - 1
22、.89mm 5.0mm 1.90 - 2.59mm 6.0mm 2.60 - 3.25mm 7.0mm With certain steels or types of loading, a weld button may not always result from destructive testing. In these cases metallurgical examination of the fusion zone must be used to determine weld size. 3.2.1.7.1 Selecting Determining Thickness (DT).
23、The DT of a two or three loose sheet welded stackup is determined as follows: The thickness of the thinner sheet for a two sheet stackup (Figure 1, stackup 2) The thickness of the second thinnest sheet for a three unequal sheet stackup (Figure 1, stackups 4, 5 & 6) The thickness of one of the equal
24、sheets for two or three sheet stackup with two or more equal sheets (Figure 1, stackups 1, 3, 7, 8, 9 & 10) Figure 1: Determining Thickness (2 & 3 Loose Welded Sheets) 3.2.1.7.2 Laminated Vibration Damping Steel. The minimum weld size specified in Table 1 is required only at the faying surface for l
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