GOST-5639-1982-ENG.pdf
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1、 USSR STATE STANDARD STEELS AND ALLOYS METHODS OF DETECTION AND DETERMINATION OF GRAIN SIZE GOST 5639-82 Official Edition English Version Approved by Interstandard STANDARDS PUBLISHING HOUSE Moscow Copyright Gosudarstvennye Standarty State Standard GOST (Russian) Provided by IHS under license with G
2、OST pLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 08/11/2008 20:10:33 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 5639-82 1 UDC 669.01.538.215.2:006.354 Group B09 USSR STATE STANDARD STEELS AND ALLOYS Methods of detection and determination of grain
3、 size OKSTU (All-Union Classification Code of Standards and Specifications) 0909 GOST 5639-82 Date of introduction 01.01.83 This Standard establishes metallographic methods of detection and determination of steels and alloys grain size. The following characteristics shall be determined by metallogra
4、phic methods: the real grain size (after hot deformation or any heat treatment); tendency of a grain to growth by determination of austenite grain size after heating at a temperature and a hold period both established by specifications and technical documentation for steels and alloys. kinetics of g
5、rain growth by determination of a grain size after heating at a temperature range and a hold period both established by specifications and technical documentation for steels and alloys. 1. SAMPLING 1.1. The sampling place and a number of samples for the grain size determination shall be established
6、by specifications and technical documentation on steels and alloys. 1.1.1. For lack of instructions the sampling for the real grain determination shall be carried out arbitrarily; for determination of tendency of a grain to growth and growth kinetics the sampling shall be carried out in the sampling
7、 place for mechanical test. Official Edition Reprinting is prohibited * Standards Publishing House, 1982 Standards Publishing House, 1994 Revised Edition with Amendments Copyright Gosudarstvennye Standarty State Standard GOST (Russian) Provided by IHS under license with GOST pLicensee=IHS Employees/
8、1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 08/11/2008 20:10:33 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 5639-82 2 1.1.2. For lack of instructions in specifications and technical documentation the test for one sample shall be performed. 1.2. The sectional area of a s
9、ample microsection shall be of no less than 1 cm2. It is allowed to make microsections with the area of less than 1 cm2 for the metal products of less than 8 mm thick. For determination of tendency of a grain to growth and kinetics of grain growth the forged ladle sampling is allowed, provided that
10、test results are comparable with the results of the finished metal products. 2. METHODS OF GRAIN BOUNDARIES DETECTION 2.1. Grain boundaries shall be detected by the following methods: etching, cementation, oxidation, ferrite or cementite grid , pearlite grid (troostite), vacuum thermal etching. The
11、method shall be chosen depending on chemical composition of steel and the test objective. 2.1.1. E tching method 2.1.1.1. The etching method shall be applied for detection of the real grain boundaries as well as the austenite grain boundaries in carbon and alloy steels, hardened for martensite or ba
12、inite, and in steels in which it is difficult to obtain ferrite or cementite grid. 2.1.1.2. The real grain boundaries detection shall be carried out for the samples without additional heat treatment. 2.1.1.3. For austenite grain boundaries detection the heat temperature, hold period and cooling rate
13、 shall be established by specifications and technical documentation for steels and alloys. In case the heat temperature and the hold period are not established by specifications and technical documentation, the temperature for low-carbon steels shall be 930 ( 10). For other steels the heat temperatu
14、re shall be equal or 20 to 30 higher than the hardening temperature established by specifications and technical documentation. The hold period shall be of no less than 1 hour and no more than 3 hours. For more legible detection of real and austenite grain boundaries the samples shall be subject to t
15、empering: for carbon and low-alloy steel at 225 to 250 , for alloy steels and alloys at 500 C and higher depending on chemical composition. Copyright Gosudarstvennye Standarty State Standard GOST (Russian) Provided by IHS under license with GOST pLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS No
16、t for Resale, 08/11/2008 20:10:33 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 5639-82 3 2.1.1.4. Decarbonized layer shall be removed from the surface of a sample, a microsection shall be manufactured and then etched in the reagents, specified in Appendix 1 or others, al
17、lowing legibly to detect the grain boundaries. The universal reagent for steel etching is a newly-prepared water solution of picric acid saturated at a room temperature with the addition of 1 to 10 % of surface-active substances such as Syntonol or washing detergents such as “Progress”, “Aster”, sha
18、mpoo “Lada” or other alkylsulfonate compounds. For more legible detection of grain boundaries the rebuffings shall be carried out with the after-etching and the reagent heating up to 50 to 70 . 2.1.2. Cementation method 2.1.2.1. The cementation method shall be applied for detection of austenite grai
19、ns in steels, designed for cementation, and for carbon non-cemented steels with the carbon mass fraction of up to 0.25 %. The grain boundaries shall be detected in the cemented layer as a grid of secondary cementite. 2.1.2.2. The samples without traces of oxidation and decarbonization shall be heate
20、d at a temperature of 930 (10) in a tightly closed box filled with fresh carbonizer of one of the following compositions: 60 % of charcoal and 40 % of barium carbonate; 70 % of charcoal and 30 % of sodium carbonate; 100 % of ready bondyuzhinsky carbonizer; 100 % of semi-coke carbonizer in accordance
21、 with GOST 5535-76. The box size shall be chosen depending on a number of samples, the distance between which in a box shall be of no less than 20 mm. The volume of the carbonizer shall be 30 times as much as the samples volume. The hold period after the box heating shall be of 8 hours. The samples
22、after the cementation shall be cooled together with the box to 600 with the various rates: the carbon steel for no more than 150 per one hour and the alloy steel for no more than 50 per one hour. The samples cooling rate of lower than 600 per one hour is not regulated. 2.1.2.3. After cementation the
23、 samples shall be bisected, or a surface layer of 2 to 3 mm deep shall be removed from one side, and the microsections shall be manufactured. Copyright Gosudarstvennye Standarty State Standard GOST (Russian) Provided by IHS under license with GOST pLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS
24、Not for Resale, 08/11/2008 20:10:33 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 5639-82 4 For cementite grid detection the microsections are recommended to be etched in one of the following reagents: 3 to 5 % solution of nitric acid in ethyl alcohol; 5 % solution of pic
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