GOST-25365-1982-ENG.pdf
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1、USSR STATE STANDARD STEAM AND HOT-WATER BOILERS GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS GOST 25365-82 (CMEA Standard 2684-80) Official Edition USSR STATE COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDS Moscow DEVELOPED by the Ministry of the Power Machine Industry DEVELOPERS: N. M. Markov, Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Professor; P. M. Khristy
2、uk, Cand. Tech. (Sci.); B. V. Zvyerkov, Cand. Sci. (Tech.) (Project Heads); D. A. Ivanov SUBMITTED by the Ministry of the Power Machine Industry Deputy Minister Y. V. Kotov APPROVED AND INTRODUCED by Decree No. 2951, dated July 29, 1982 of the USSR State Committee for Standards Editor V. P. Ogurtsov
3、 Technical Editor P. N. Nikitina Proof-reader M. M. Gyerasimyenko -,-,- UDC 691.432.6: 006.354Group E21 USSR STATE STANDARD STEAM AND HOT-WATER BOILERS General technical requirements GOST 25365-82 (CMEA Standard 2684-80) OKP (All-Union Product Classification Code) 31 1200 Period of validity set by D
4、ecree No. 2951, dated July 29, 1982, of the USSR State Committee for Standards From 01.07.83 to 01.07.88 Failure to comply with this Standard will result in legal proceedings 1. This Standard applies to steam boilers with absolute pressure more than 0.17 MPa (1.7 kgf / cm2) and hot-water boilers wit
5、h temperature of water more than 115C and establishes the requirements for design of boilers and their basic elements: economizers, evaporation heating surfaces, steam super-heaters, drums, connective pipelines and gas flues. This Standard does not apply to steam and hot-water boilers with electrica
6、l heating, steam and hot-water boilers installed on steam locomotives and in railway cars, on sea, or river vessels or other floating means, or to the equipment of atomic power plants. The standard fully complies with CMEA Standard 2684-80. 2. The materials used for manufacture of details and assemb
7、ly units of boilers working under pressure shall be produced according to the requirements of the “Rules for the Construction and Safe Operation of Steam and Hot-Water Boilers”, approved by Gosgortekhnadzor (USSR State Mining Safety Inspectorate). 3. The strength of boiler elements working under pre
8、ssure shall be substantiated by calculations according to CMEA Standard 722-77. 4. Each boiler shall bear the company label and marking in accordance with GOST 24571-81. Official EditionReprinting is prohibited # # Standards Publishing House, 1982 -,-,- p. 2 GOST 25365-82 5. Design Requirements 5.1.
9、 The design of boilers shall meet the requirements of this Standard, GOST 24570-81 and the “Rules for the Construction and Safe Operation of Steam and Hot-Water Boilers”, approved by Gosgortekhnadzor. 5.2. The design of boilers shall exclude overheating (by more than 5C) of the walls of its separate
10、 elements during start-up, shutdown or in the event of sudden termination of steam consumption (loss of load). 5.3. Arranging bare drums and collectors in a furnace and in gas flues is allowed only in the event of observance of conditions specified in CMEA Standard 722-77. 5.4. The configuration of
11、the pipes placed in gas flues and serving for discharge of medium from economizer shall exclude formation of steam pockets. 5.5. For control over traveling of boiler elements under thermal expansion heave meters (bench marks) shall be provided. 5.6. The sections of boiler elements and pipelines with
12、 increased surface temperature accessible for serving staff shall be covered with thermal insulation ensuring the temperature of external surfaces no more than 55C at ambient temperature not exceeding 25C. 5.7. The design of the boiler shall ensure deaeration of all elements under pressure where air
13、 pockets may be formed during filling and start-up, 5.8. The drums of steam boilers, if necessary, shall be provided with devices for separation of moisture from steam (separators). The use of separators installed separately from a drum is allowed. All internal devices in drums shall be removable or
14、 designed so as to ensure inspection of internal surfaces of a drum. 5.9. The pig-iron economizers shall have the option of being disconnected from water and gas, i.e. be provided with a bypass flue conducting gases past an economizer, and with a bypass pipeline for feed water. Boilers with auto-con
15、trol and continuous feeding may use economizers which can not be disconnected from water and gas. For economizers disconnected from water and provided with the option of pumping water through economizer bypassing the boiler, the bypass flue is not an obligatory requirement. 5.10. The difference betw
16、een the temperature of feed water coming out of the pig-iron economizer, and the temperature of saturated steam of the boiler shall be no less than 20C. GOST 25365-82 p. 3 5.11. Economizers consisting of two collateral sections shall have a scheme of connection of water excluding feeding of the boil
17、er through a part of economizer, except for cases, when each of the parts may be disconnected from gas independently. 5.12. The boiler drums and cylindrical bodies shall be welded of rolled or stamped sheets, or shall be seamless or forged with forged or welded end plates. 5.13. Seamless round cross
18、-section tubes shall be used for collectors of economizers, evaporation section of boilers and super-heaters. The collectors of square and rectangular cross-sections are allowed for economizers and evaporation elements of boilers in the event of working pressure not exceeding 4 MPa (40 kgf/cm2) and
19、ambient temperature not higher than 350C. 5.14. The following modifications of end plates shall be used for boiler shells, drums and collectors: Stamped hemispherical, elliptic or torispherical with the ratio of the height of the convex part to the diameter of cylindrical rim measured on the interna
20、l side no less than 0.2 shall be used for drums; The use of torispherical and flat end plates for heat-pipe and fire-tube boilers is allowed, if confirmed by strength analysis; The use of flat end plates by diameter not more than 600 mm is allowed for collectors. 5.15. The welded joints in boiler sh
21、ells, drums and collectors shall meet the requirements of GOST 24663-81. 5.16 Arrangement of holes and the distance between them shall be substantiated by strength analysis and meet the requirements of CMEA Standard 722-77. 5.17. Connection of pipes to drums or collectors shall be performed by weldi
22、ng or beading. 5.18. Connection by beading is allowed only for pipes with external diameter not more than 108 mm at calculated temperature of a wall not more than 400C, and provided that the wall thickness of a drum (collector) is no less than 13 mm. The ends of pipes shall be put into the drum (col
23、lector) to the length sufficient for expansion performed after beading. The expansion of the pipe ends is not obligatory in cases substantiated by strength analysis. Combined beading and scalding of pipe ends is allowed. 5.19. The edges of holes on the internal side of the walls of drums and collect
24、ors with diameter more than 600 mm under working pressure more than 5.5 MPa (55 kgf / cm2) shall be radially rounded or chamfered, if edges are not protected from the internal medium (water) by a flow nipple, pipe or cover. p. 4 GOST 25365-62 The edges of holes shall not have burrs under any circums
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