GOST-398-1997-ENG.pdf
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1、GOST 398-96 INTERSTATE STANDARD CARBON STEEL TIRES FOR BROAD GAUGE RAILROAD AND SUBWAY ROLLING-STOCK SPECIFICATIONS Official Edition INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION Minsk II GOST 398-96 Foreword 1 DEVELOPED by the International Technical Committee “Pig-iron, steel
2、 and rolled stock” (MTK 120), the All-Russian Scientific and Research Institute for Railway Transport, the State Scientific and Research Institute for Diesel Locomotives, the Institute for Ferrous 0HWDOOXUJ#RI#8NUDLQH#DQG#E#WKH#,QWHUQDWLRQDO#7HFKQLFDO# 3 - for freight and shunting locomotives (used
3、subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the customer). 4.3 The chemical composition of tire steel according to the ladle sample smelt analysis shall meet that specified in table 1. Table 1 Mass content of elements, % PS Grade of steel CSiMnV no more than 20.57 to 0.650.22 to 0.450.60 to 0.
4、90up to 0.150.0350.040 30.60 to 0.680.22 to 0.450.60 to 0.900.06 to 0.150.0350.040 Notes 1 The permitted content of elements shall not exceed the following values: 0.08% for molybdenum, 0.25% for nickel, 0.20% for chrome and 0.30% for copper. The total content of sulfur and phosphorus shall be no mo
5、re than 0.065%. 2 The total content of chrome, nickel and copper of steel of grade 3 shall be not less than 0.30%. 3 In ready made tires, the limiting deviations of the chemical composition from that specified in table 1 are allowed in accordance with the requirements of GOST 380. 4.4 Tires shall be
6、 hardened by fragment heating and tempering. All temperature parameters of heat treatment shall be automatically registered. 4.5 The mechanical characteristics of heat-hardened tires shall meet the norms specified in table 2. -,-,- 4 GOST 398-96 Table 2 Relative elongation, % Reduction of area, % Br
7、inell hardness, G Impact elasticity at 20K/#-2FP2 (kgfm/cm2) Grade of steel Ultimate rupture strength u, N/mm2 (kgf/mm2) no less than 2930 to 1 11010142690.25 (95 to 113)(2.5) 31 000 to 1 2708122750.20 (102 to 130)(2.0) Notes 1 Impact elasticity at a temperature 60 K#+10) shall be tested on each ten
8、th smelt and be registered in the quality certificate. The impact elasticity value shall be no less than 0.15 J/cm2 (1.5 kgfm/cm2). 2 Hardness of the ridge of a tire shall have the upper limit of no more than 321 HB for grade 2 steel, and be registered in the quality certificate. 3 Hardness of metal
9、 of a tire at a depth (40 3 2 + ) mm from the rolled surface shall be tested on 10% of smelts, and be registered in the quality certificate. 4.6 On the tires, flocs, cracks, delaminations and casting skins are not allowed. Gas bubbles, sponginess, porosity and non-metallic inclusions are allowed wit
10、hin the limits of the scale of macrostructures established in the technical documentation and approved in accordance with the established procedure. 4.7 In tire steel, non-metallic inclusions shall be of an average point no more than 4 (except for non-deforming silicates), and for oxidic inclusions
11、the average point shall be no more than the 2 according to GOST 1778. The diagram for cutting microsections from a tire to trace non-metallic inclusions is shown in figure 1 below. Figure 1 -,-,- 5 GOST 398-96 4.8 On the surface of tires there shall be no rolling skins, patches, cracks, rolled-flat
12、impurities or rolled-in scales. It is allowed to rectify these defects along the entire perimeter of a tire by cutting or turning it on a lathe to a depth not exceeding 75% of the machining tolerance. 4.9 On the outside lateral surface, imprints no more than 1 mm deep and local longitudinal notches
13、up to 5 mm deep are allowed. 4.10 On one tire, the total length of notches not removed by turning shall be no more than 300 mm; in one cross-section no more than two notches are allowed. Notches shall be flat, without abrupt changes in the cross-section. 4.11 Before heat treatment, tires shall be st
14、raightened at a temperature no less than 400K1 Flatness deviation of a tire shall not exceed 2 mm. Re-straightening of tires deformed during heat treatment is allowed, provided that the triple ovality and non-flatness tolerances are not exceeded. 4.12 On the lateral outside surface of each tire at a
15、 distance of 22 to 32 mm between the internal cylindrical surface of the holding collar and the base of marking, brand marks shall be hot-stamped as characters 10-15 mm high and up to 4 mm deep arranged in the following order: - the trade mark or identification number of the manufacturer; - the two
16、last figures of the year of manufacture; - the grade of the tire; - the number of the smelt; - the serial number of the tire under the manufacturers numbering system. Change of the marking order is not allowed. After the smelt number, space for acceptance stamps shall be left. The imprint resulted f
17、rom applying the marking is not a rejecting feature. Tires shall be marked with stamps with rounded outlines and blunt angles, inclined to a diameter at an angle of 15-20, according to those shown in figure 2. 6 GOST 398-96 Figure 2 Manual stamping of marks, except for acceptance stamps, is not allo
18、wed. Separate indistinct marks may be corrected manually before heat treatment of a tire. 5 ACCEPTANCE PROCEDURES 5.1 To verify conformity of tires to the requirements of this Standard, the manufacturer shall carry out acceptance tests. Tires that have withstood acceptance tests shall be presented t
19、o the customers representative. The verification results shall be specified in the quality certificate. 5.2 Tires are submitted for acceptance tests in batches. A batch shall include tires of the same smelt, heat-treated by the same mode, with a difference in the internal diameters of no more than 2
20、00 mm. Blanks left out of the basic smelts in the process of production may be collected in a combined batch in a quantity of no more than 40. A combined batch shall be made up based on “carbon + 1/4 manganese” equivalent provided that the difference between minimum and maximum equivalents in metal
21、does not exceed 0.07%. It is allowed to collect combined batches in the following two groups based on the carbon content: 0.57 to 0.61% and 0.62 to 0.65% for grade 2 steel; 0.60 to 0.64% and 0.65 to 0.68% for grade 3 steel. 5.3 The customers representative is authorized to verify the chemical compos
22、ition of the steel in batches of tires submitted for acceptance tests. 5.4 Each tire shall be subjected to visual inspection and measuring as per clauses 4.1, 4.8 and 4.9. -,-,- 7 GOST 398-96 5.5 From a batch submitted for acceptance tests, one tire that has withstood acoustic non- destructive monit
23、oring shall be selected to undergo the structural endurance test by means of single static squeezing on a press or by impact (pile-driver test). After the test, the tires should have no cracks, tears or other signs of damage. 5.6 After the single static squeezing test or impact (pile-driver test), t
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