GPSA-Engineering-Data-Book-12th-Ed.pdf
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1、ENGINEERING DATA BOOK FPS VERSION Volumes I Susan Coman and Pat Dock, ProType, Inc.; and Mike Jackson, Jackson Design; for their work in publishing this book. Editorial Contributors Tenth, Eleventh, and Twelfth Editions Fred G. Russell, Hudson Products Corp. Stanley Adler, M.W. Kellogg Co. L.R. Alba
2、ugh, Arco Oil production of natural gas liq- uids (NGLs); volume transport or further processing of natural gas or gas liquids; or other commerce in natural gas or gas liquids. Its principal functions include the advancement of gas processing technology through development and promulga- tion of inte
3、rnational standards for NGL product specifications, test methods, measurement, and handling. In addition, GPA sponsors basic research in thermodynamic and transport properties of natural gases, gas liquids, synthetic gases, and related process stream components. The dissemination of GPA technology i
4、s accomplished through publication of industry standards, research reports, and computer programs. This technology is developed in response to industry needs by a technical committee organization with the following structure and responsibilities: Technical Committee The parent body responsible for a
5、ssessing the technological needs of the gas processing industry, establishing priorities, assigning problems to appro- priate working sections, and reviewing results and recommen- dations of sections as needed. The seven working sections of the Technical Committee are: Section A, Facilities Design a
6、nd Optimization Maintains a continuing study of all phases of gas processing design (process, mechanical, electrical, instrumentation) of broad industry interest; this responsibility does not include analytical methods nor basic data on product properties, but does include onstream process and plant
7、 control instrumenta- tion. Section B, Analysis Studies and develops analytical procedures and methods to improve accuracy and reliability of test methods and data to meet the needs of the gas process- ing industry. All of the industrys sampling procedures, speci- fication test methods, and analytic
8、al standards have issued from this section. Section C, Specifications Maintains existing product specifications, and generates new and revised specifications in response to changing industry and market needs. All U.S. and many international specifications for LP-gas and other NGL products are based
9、on the work of this section. Section F, Technical Data Development Monitors the status, availability, and reliability of thermodynamic and physical property data needed for design and operation of natural gas and gas processing facilities. This section identi- fies industry needs for pertinent data,
10、 develops research pro- jects to provide needed data, and supervises research to meet those needs. The section also evaluates new correlations and computer models for calculation and application of thermody- namic and physical properties applicable to natural gas proc- essing and transport. Primary
11、responsibility for initiation and supervision of ther- modynamic and physical properties research is vested in two steering committees comprised of highly qualified and experi- enced specialists. Section H, Product Measurement and Handling Monitors measurement data and correlations for both natural
12、gas and natural gas liquids, and reviews handling procedures for gas liquids, including underground storage technology. The section initiates improvements in standards for accurate measurement and safe handling of both natural gas and gas liquids. Section L, Computer Technology and Data Distribu- ti
13、on This Section is focused on two primary areas: 1) the continued development of the GPA Home Page on the Internet and; 2) the pursuit of data in support of the association. Section M, Operations and Maintenance This Sec- tion was formed to assist member companies in addressing and resolving their o
14、perations and maintenance issues, and to be a forum where such issues on gas gathering and processing can be discussed. It is anticipated that the results of this com- mittee can supplement the programs of the GPA Regional Meetings. Section N, LNG Committee This is a new committee that is being esta
15、blished with the following goals related to the LNG industry: 1. Identify and collect relevant standards and reports 2. Recommend and steward technical and research activi- ties 3. Develop documents: best practices, guidelines, specifica- tions, etc. 4. Interface with associations with overlapping f
16、unctions 5. Represent membership to agencies, government, etc. 6. Improve public awareness of LNG safety and security 7. Provide forums for discussing LNG issues and technolo- gies 1-1 GPSA TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES The Gas Processors Suppliers Association is an affiliated organization of approximately 3
17、50 companies that cater to the supply and service needs of the natural gas producing and processing industry. The principal technical function of GPSA is to publish GPA and other technical information through the GPSA Engineering Data Book. In addition, technical experts from GPSA companies particip
18、ate in GPA technical committee activities described above, and also provide valuable support and counsel in directing thermodynamic research and techni- cal data development for the advancement of the industrys technology. Editorial Review Board The Editorial Review Board for the Engineering Data Bo
19、ok is the single GPSA tech- nical committee. The Board is composed of recognized experts from both GPA and GPSA member companies, and is respon- sible for the continuing review and revision of the Engineering Data Book to assure that it meets the needs of the natural gas processing industry with the
20、 latest data and technology. Definitions of Words and Terms Used in the Gas Processing Industry absorber A tower or column that provides contact between natural gas being processed and a liquid solvent. absorption The operation in which one or more components in the gas phase are transferred to (abs
21、orbed into) a liquid solvent. absorption factor A factor which is an indication of the tendency for a given gas phase component to be transferred to the liquid solvent. It is generally expressed as A = L/KV where L and V are the molar flows of liquid and vapor, and K is the average value of the vapo
22、r-liquid equilibrium constant for the component of con- cern. absorption oil A hydrocarbon liquid used to absorb and recover components from the natural gas being processed. acid gas The hydrogen sulfide and/or carbon dioxide contained in, or extracted from, gas or other streams. adiabatic expansion
23、 The expansion of a gas, vapor, or liquid stream from a higher pressure to a lower pressure in which there is no heat transfer between the gas, vapor, or liquid and the surroundings. adsorbent A solid substance used to remove components from natural gas being processed. adsorption The process by whi
24、ch gaseous components are adsorbed on solids because of their molecular attraction to the solid sur- face. amine (alkanolamine) Any of several liquid compounds containing amino nitrogen generally used in water solution to remove, by reversible chemical reaction, hydrogen sulfide and/or carbon dioxid
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