HP-UX系统管理员手册II【稀缺资源,路过别错过】8.pdf
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1、 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice Course Overview Module 1 H3065S F.00 王敏杰 上海上大久亿信息技术有限公司 H3065S F.00 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.2 Course Audience This fast-paced 5-day course is the second of two
2、courses HP offers to prepare new UNIX administrators to successfully manage an HP-UX server or workstation. The course assumes that the student has experience with general UNIX user commands, and basic administration skills such as managing devices and device files, creating and mounting file system
3、s, tuning the kernel, and installing and removing software. H3065S F.00 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.3 Course Agenda Day 1: LAN Concepts LAN Hardware Concepts Configuring TCP/IP Connectivity Configuring IP Routing Day 2: Configuring Subnetting Troubleshooting Network Connectivity St
4、arting Network Services Day 3: NFS Concepts Configuring NFS Configuring AutoFS Day 4: Configuring DNS Configuring LDAP Configuring ARPA/Berkeley Services Day 5: Configuring BOOTP/TFTP Configuring NTP Configuring SSH Configuring SD-UX Depot Servers H3065S F.00 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company
5、, L.P.4 HP-UX System Administration Resources HPs product website: http:/ HPs IT Resource Center: http:/ HPs documentation website: http:/ HPs software download website: http:/ HP Education Services: http:/ Independent HP users group: http:/interex.org Publisher of many books about UNIX network serv
6、ices: http:/ In addition to the traditional UNIX man pages, there are a number of resources that you can use to learn more about your HP-UX system. H3065S F.00 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.5 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject t
7、o change without notice LAN Concepts Module 2 H3065S F.00 H3065S F.00 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.2 What Is a Network? A Network is a series of devices interconnected by communication pathways. Local Area Networks (LANs) span relatively small geographic areas. Wide Area Networks (W
8、ANs) span relatively large geographic areas. Chicago Office LANTokyo Office LAN Boston Office LAN WAN H3065S F.00 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.3 The OSI Model in a Nutshell 7ApplicationHow is data created and used? 6PresentationHow is the data represented to the application? Is the
9、data in EBCDIC or ASCII format? 5SessionHow does an application initiate a connection? How does an application actually transmit/receive data? How does an application know data has been received? 4 TransportShould the receiver acknowledge receipt of a packet? How should the acknowledgement be handle
10、d? Which process should receive the data? 3NetworkHow is data routed between networks? 2Data linkHow do I know when its my turn to transmit? How do I know which data is for me? How are collisions handled? 1PhysicalWhat kinds of cabling are supported? What kinds of connectors are supported? Whats the
11、 longest supported cable segment? H3065S F.00 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.4 Media Access Control (MAC) Addresses Every LAN card has a unique 48-bit MAC address. Every frame of data contains a source and destination MAC. Hosts accept frames destined for their MAC address. Hosts igno
12、re frames destined for other MAC addresses. 0x0060B07ef226 These six hex digits identify the card manufacturer Following number is in hex . These six hex digits uniquely identify this card Which frames are for me? H3065S F.00 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.5 Internet Protocol (IP) Add
13、resses 128.1.1.1 Which network is the host on? What is the hosts address on that network? Every host on an IP network has a unique, 32-bit IP address. IP addresses make it possible to logically group nodes into IP networks. Network bits within the IP determine which network the host is on. Host bits
14、 within the IP distinguish each host from all other hosts on the network. Hosts with identical network bits are said to be on the same IP network. 128.1 Network 128.1.1.1128.1.1.2 H3065S F.00 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.6 IP Network Classes /8 Network /16 Network /24 Network The IP
15、 address network/host bit boundary varies from network to network. Networks with more host bits may have more hosts. Networks with fewer host bits may have fewer hosts. 8 Network Bits8 Network Bits8 Network Bits 8 Network Bits8 Network Bits 8 Network Bits8 Host Bits8 Host Bits8 Host Bits 8 Host Bits
16、8 Host Bits 8 Host Bits H3065S F.00 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.7 The IP Netmask Netmask 1s identify network bitsNetmask 0s identify host bits 111111111111111110000000000000000 Netmask: 255.255.0.0 or 0x ff ff 00 00 100000000000000010000000100000001 IP Address: 128.1.1.1/16 Q: How
17、many bits in my IP are network bits? A: The netmask has the answer! H3065S F.00 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.8 The IP Network Address Every host must know which network it is connected to. Formulate the network address by setting all IP host bits to “0“. 128.1.1.1/16 128.1.1.2/16 12
18、8.1.1.3/16 192.1.1.1/24 192.1.1.2/24 192.1.1.3/24 100000000000000010000000000000000 Network Address: 128.1.0.0/16 110000000000000010000000100000000 Network Address: 192.1.1.0/24 Q: Which network am I on? H3065S F.00 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.9 The IP Broadcast Address # ping 128.
19、1.255.255 128.1.1.1128.1.1.2128.1.1.3 Packets sent to the network broadcast address are received by ALL hosts on the network. Formulate the broadcast address by setting all host bits to “1“. H3065S F.00 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.10 The IP Loopback Address 128.1.1.2128.1.1.1128.1.
20、1.3 # ping 127.0.0.1 The loopback address, 127.0.0.1, is a special address that always references your local host. H3065S F.00 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.11 Obtaining an IP Address Private Intranet Firewall Obtaining an IP address on a Private Intranet allows limited access to the
21、 Internet via a network Firewall. Obtaining an IP address on the Public Internet allows direct connectivity to millions of hosts worldwide. Public Internet H3065S F.00 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.12 IP Address Examples IP Address 192.66.123.4/24 148.10.12.14/16 9.12.36.1/8 163.128.
22、19.9/16 123.45.65.23/8 199.66.55.4/24 NetmaskBroadcastNetwork H3065S F.00 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.13 Host Names I can reference nodes by host name and let HP-UX automatically determine the IP addresses for me! # telnet oakland 128.1.1.1 sanfran 128.1.1.2 oakland 128.1.1.3 la 12
23、8.1.1.4 sandiego /etc/hosts What is oaklands IP? oaklands IP is 128.1.1.2 Telnet request To: 128.1.1.2 128.1.1.2 (oakland) H3065S F.00 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.14 128.1.1.1080009-000001 128.1.1.2080009-000002 128.1.1.3080009-000003 Source MAC:080009-000001 Destination MAC:080009
24、-000002 Outbound Frame 128.1.1.2 (oakland) 080009-000002 1. Resolve hostname oakland to an IP address. 2. Lookup the MAC address in the ARP cache corresponding to oaklands IP address. 3. Send the packet to oaklands MAC address. Example: System sanfran pings system oakland 128.1.1.1sanfran 128.1.1.2o
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