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1、IEEE Std 1527-2006 IEEE Recommended Practice for the Design of Flexible Buswork Located in Seismically Active Areas I E E E 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA 1 September 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society Sponsored by the Substations Committee IEEE Std 1527-2006 IEEE Recommended Practice f
2、or the Design of Flexible Buswork Located in Seismically Active Areas Sponsor Substations Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved 30 March 2006 IEEE-SA Standards Board The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2
3、006 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 1 September 2006. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational
4、classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. ivCopyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction provides some background on the rationale used to develop this recommended practice. This information is meant to aid in the understanding and usage o
5、f this recommended practice. Flexible buswork consisting mainly of bare aluminum or copper conductors with bolted or welded connector hardware have been used for many years as part of the electrical buswork system in substations. In general, they are utilized to simplify equipment interconnection wi
6、th the main bus because they are easy to install and help ensure that the vertical and horizontal load limits of the equipment terminals are not exceeded. However, recent earthquakes in many parts of the world demonstrated that more attention must be paid to these flexible buswork designs for facili
7、ties in seismically active areas because flexible buswork can increase the probability that a facility will still be operational after an earthquake. During an earthquake, flexible buswork conductors may transfer significant mechanical forces at the equipment terminals, due to the dynamic effects in
8、duced by their motion when adjacent interconnected equipment push and pull on these connections. Improperly designed flexible buswork may thus result in exceeding the load limits permitted at the equipment terminals. This can lead to a piece of relatively inexpensive equipment contributing to the fa
9、ilure of a more expensive one and perhaps, starting a cascade effect that could result in loss of substantial revenue and expensive equipment. This recommended practice will cover how to design flexible buswork for substation buswork systems or equipment connections to account for seismic movement.
10、It provides a more detailed discussion of the material covered in IEEE Std 693 to guide the substation designers with this aspect of seismic design. In short, this recommended practice covers how to determine the amount of seismically-induced equipment motion that may occur, how to determine conduct
11、or flexibility, how to specify the amount of slack required, and what other factors must be considered as part of the design of flexible buswork for new and existing installations. It will also report on the current state of knowledge concerning the dynamic effects of conductors and flexible high-cu
12、rrent buswork interconnections. Notice to users Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/ standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current inte
13、rpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is
14、taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scop
15、e of those patents that are brought to its attention. This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1527-2006, IEEE Recommended Practice for the Design of Flexible Buswork Located in Seismically Active Areas. Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.v Participants At the time this standard was completed
16、, the working group had the following membership: Jean-Bernard Dastous, Chair Robert (Bob) Stewart, Co-Chair John Randolph, Vice-Chair Randy Clelland, Secretary The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or
17、abstention. Stephen Allen Robert (Steve) Brown Rulon R. Fronk John Irvine Lincoln Koga Donald N. Laird Kenneth Lo John Norberg Tony Opsetmoen Sam Perkins Bill Thompson Charles F. Todd Jim Wardin William J. Ackerman Steven C. Alexanderson Ali Al Awazi Saber Azizi-Ghannad Michael P. Baldwin Thomas M.
18、Barnes Michael J. Bio Steven R. Brockschink Steven D. Brown Terry Burley Ted A. Burse Randy D. Clelland Tommy P. Cooper Jean-Bernard Dastous Dennis F. Decosta Gary R. Engmann Rulon R. Fronk Eric M. Fujisaki Edgar O. Galyon David L. Gilmer Randall C. Groves Dennis Horwitz Jose A. Jarque Lars E. Juhli
19、n Piotr Karocki Leon Kempner Jr. Kamran Khan Hermann Koch Jim Kulchisky L. W. Kurtz Jr. Donald N. Laird Albert Livshitz Lisardo Lourido William Lumpkins G. L. Luri Keith N. Malmedal Frank W. Mayle Peter J. Meyer Gary L. Michel Jon Mochizuki Jeffrey H. Nelson Michael S. Newman Robert S. Nowell John D
20、. Randolph Devki N. Sharma Hyeong J. Sim Garry M. Simms David Singleton Douglas W. Smith Brian K. Story S. Thamilarasan William R. Thompson James E. Timperley Charles F. Todd James W. Wilson Jr. Roland E. Youngberg viCopyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved
21、 this standard on 30 March 2006, it had the following membership: Steve M. Mills, Chair Richard H. Hulett, Vice Chair Don Wright, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Ri
22、chard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Alan H. Cookson, NIST Representative Don Messina IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Mark D. Bowman Dennis B. Brophy William R. Goldbach Arnold M. Greenspan Robert M. Grow Joanna N. Guenin Julian Forster* Mark S. Halpin Kenneth S. Hanus William B.
23、Hopf Joseph L. Koepfinger* David J. Law Daleep C. Mohla T. W. Olsen Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Tom A. Prevost Greg Ratta Robby Robson Anne-Marie Sahazizian Virginia C. Sulzberger Malcolm V. Thaden Richard L. Townsend Walter Weigel Howard L. Wolfman Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.vii
24、Contents 1.Overview 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose. 1 2.Normative references. 2 3.Definitions, abbreviations, and acronyms 2 3.1 Definitions . 2 3.2 Abbreviations and acronyms . 4 4.Equipment movement 4 4.1 Calculation methods to evaluate standalone equipment displacement 4 4.2 Testing methods to evaluat
25、e standalone equipment displacement 7 4.3 Site-specific conditions 7 4.4 Minimum conductor slack and necessary conductor length between equipment interconnected through flexible buswork 8 5.Other connection possibilities 9 6.High-current connections. 9 7.Type of material to usecopper versus aluminum
26、. 11 8.Conductor mechanical properties 12 8.1 Recommended values of E and I for calculations 13 8.2 Confirmation by testing. 14 8.3 Single- and multi-conductor bundles. 14 9.Spacers for bundled conductors. 14 10.Other considerations 15 10.1 Electrical clearances 15 10.2 Corona losses. 16 10.3 Curren
27、t-carrying capacity 17 10.4 Wind and ice effects 17 10.5 Fault conditions 18 10.6 Loads on terminal pads and seismically-induced dynamic effects of conductors. 18 10.7 Three-dimensional (3-D) effects of earthquakes. 19 11.Conductor configurations 20 11.1 Recommended configurations . 20 11.2 Calculat
28、ion method for verifying electrical clearances . 22 11.3 Methods to establish configuration flexibility and terminal loads 22 11.4 Connection hardware. 27 viiiCopyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. Annex A (normative) Normative tables. 28 Annex B (informative) Tables. 30 Annex C (normative) Figur
29、es supporting this recommended practice 34 Annex D (informative) Informative figures. 44 Annex E (informative) Summary of research done on dynamic effects of flexible conductors used in substations. 49 Annex F (informative) Bibliography. 53 Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved.1 IEEE Recommended
30、 Practice for the Design of Flexible Buswork Located in Seismically Active Areas 1. Overview The use of suitably designed and installed flexible buswork connections must be considered when seismi- cally hardening a substation. Installation of buswork connections to the equipment is a factor that gre
31、atly affects the seismic performance of the installed equipment. If the buswork is not properly designed, equip- ment that would otherwise survive may fail, resulting in unnecessary financial losses. The use of seismically designed and installed flexible connections increases the probability that a
32、facility will still be operational after an earthquake. This recommended practice will cover the design of flexible buswork connections to account for seismic movement, as well as other factors that must be considered as part of this design, as per the general decision tree diagram shown in Figure C
33、.1. This recommended practice also contains five annexes. Annex A and Annex B contain the tables referenced in the main body of the recommended practice, while Annex C and Annex D contain the figures referenced. Annex E provides the latest information on dynamic effects of conductors and a Bibliogra
34、phy is presented in Annex F. 1.1 Scope The scope of this document is the engineering and design of flexible bus connections for bus and equipment in electric power substations. 1.2 Purpose This document was prepared to provide guidance to the substation designer on flexible buswork seismic design an
35、d to provide information accounting for the current state of knowledge concerning the dynamic effects of conductors and high-current connections. IEEE Std 1527-2006IEEE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR THE DESIGN OF 2Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. 2. Normative references This recommended practice
36、 shall be used in conjunction with the following publications. If the following publications are superseded by an approved revision, the revision shall apply: IEEE Std 605-1998, IEEE Guide for Design of Substation Bus Structures.1, 2 IEEE Std 693-2005, IEEE Recommended Practice for the Seismic Desig
37、n of Substations. IEEE Std 738-1993, IEEE Standard for Calculating the Current-Temperature Relationship of Bare Over- head Conductors. 3. Definitions, abbreviations, and acronyms For the purposes of this recommended practice, the following terms and definitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionary of
38、 IEEE Standard Terms B33 should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause. 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1 basketing of conductors (also called “bird caging”): The unraveling or untwisting of outer and inner strands. Basketing can be caused by the following: a)Minimum bending radius is violated b)End
39、s being twisted opposite to direction of twist 3.1.2 bundled conductor: An assembly of two or more conductors used as a single conductor and employ- ing spacers to maintain a predetermined configuration. The individual conductors of this assembly are called subconductors. 3.1.3 complete quadratic co
40、mbination (CQC method): A modal combination method, especially useful for systems with closely spaced frequencies. 3.1.4 conductor configuration: The generic term for a flexible buswork connection geometry that has been designed to accommodate a certain amount of movement at its end points, without
41、putting undue strain or stress on these end points. 3.1.5 critical damping: The least amount of viscous damping that causes a single-degree-of-freedom sys- tem to return to its original position without oscillation after initial disturbance. 3.1.6 damping: An energy dissipation mechanism that reduce
42、s the response amplification and broadens the vibratory response over frequency in the region of resonance. Damping is usually expressed as a percentage of critical damping. See also: critical damping. 3.1.7 drops: The field or construction term for the flexible buswork connections made between a hi
43、gh bus- work section, either rigid or strain, and a piece of equipment or lower buswork section. 1IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/). 2The IEEE standards
44、or products referred to in this clause are trademarks of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex F. IEEE FLEXIBLE BUSWORK LOCATED IN SEISMICALLY ACTIVE AREASStd 1527-2006 Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights res
45、erved.3 3.1.8 flexible buswork or flexible buswork connections: The terms given to the section of buswork that is usually made up of stranded bare conductors (as opposed to rigid conductors) electrically interconnecting two pieces of equipment, a piece of equipment and a section of rigid bus or two
46、sections of rigid bus. 3.1.9 g: Acceleration due to gravity, that is 9.81 m/s2. 3.1.10 ground acceleration: The acceleration of the ground resulting from the motion of a given earth- quake. The maximum or peak ground acceleration is the zero period acceleration (ZPA) of the ground response spectrum.
47、 3.1.11 natural frequency: A frequency at which a body or system vibrates due to its own physical charac- teristics (mass and stiffness) when the body or system is distorted and then released. 3.1.12 pinch effect: The “pinch effect” is caused by the bending of the conductor during the high velocity
48、movement caused by the short-circuit forces near where a spacer or equipment terminal clamp is attached. 3.1.13 pull-push tests: The name given to the test to determine how flexible a certain conductor configura- tion is when its end points are pulled apart or pushed together. The results of this te
49、st are units of force per displacement of the conductor from its connection point. 3.1.14 response spectrum: A plot of the maximum response of an array of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) identically damped oscillators with different frequencies, all subjected to the same base excitation. See also: single-degree-of-freedom system (SDOF system). 3.1.15 seismically decouple: The term to describe how two pieces of equipment or a piece of equipment and a rigid bus section can be interconnected electrically by a flexible buswork connection, which ideally allows independ
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