IEEE-1531-2003.pdf
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1、IEEE Std 1531-2003 IEEE Standards 1531 TM IEEE Guide for Application and Specification of Harmonic Filters Published by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA 24 November 2003 IEEE Power Engineering Society Sponsored by the Transmissio
2、n +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Note: Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject mat- ter covered by p
3、atent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents for which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries in
4、to the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 12:08:09 MDTNo reproduction or net
5、working permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ivCopyright 2003 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction (This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1531-2003, IEEE Guide for Application and Specification of Harmonic Filters.) This guide addresses the specification of the (1) components, (2) protect
6、ion, and (3) control of harmonic fil- ters. It does not address the proper sizing or configuration of harmonic filters to achieve desired perfor- mance. This document provides guidelines for passive shunt harmonic filters for use on 50 Hz and 60 Hz power systems. No specific standards exist for harm
7、onic filters, although standards do exist for virtually all of the components that are used in a filter. Participants During the time this guide was being developed, the IEEE working group sponsored by the Capacitor Sub- committee of the Transmission and 8% or less for most user busses at less than
8、1 kV. The total demand current distortion at the point of common coupling to the utility is limited to the range of 2.5% to 20%, depending upon the size of the cus- tomers harmonic-producing load and other factors. (See IEEE Std 519-1992 for details.) The document also gives higher limits for condit
9、ions lasting less than 1 hour. 4.2.2 Equipment withstand capabilities Some of the withstand capabilities that are described in existing equipment standards are summarized in this subclause. When transformers are operating at rated load, the total harmonic current distortion should be limited to 5% a
10、s defined in IEEE Std C57.12.00-2000 and IEEE Std C57.12.01-1998.12 IEEE Std C57.110-1998 defines the method for derating transformers when supplying nonsinusoidal loads. UL 1561-1999 and UL 1562- 1999 define the transformer K-rating that is intended for use in high harmonic environments. IEEE Std 1
11、8-200213 states that “capacitors are intended to be operated at or below their rated voltage. Capacitors shall be capable of continuous operation under contingency system and bank conditions provided that none of the following limitations are exceeded: “a)110% of rated rms root-mean-square voltage “
12、b)120% of rated peak voltage, i.e., peak voltage not exceeding 1.2 x (square root of two) x rated rms voltage, including harmonics, but excluding transients “c)135% of nominal rms current based on rated kvar and rated voltage “d)135% of rated kvar” Additional application guidelines for capacitors ar
13、e given in IEEE Std 1036-1992. It should be noted that capacitor fuses should be rated for the voltage and current, including harmonics, in a filter application. The limitation to 135% of rated kvar in IEEE Std 18-2002 is based on dielectric heating at fundamental fre- quency and is based on the the
14、rmal stability test in that standard. The 135% limit in IEEE Std 18-2002 is based on a maximum operating voltage of 110% of rated voltage and a maximum capacitance tolerance of +15% (the maximum allowable tolerance at the time the 135% limit was set). (1.12 , thus 135%.) The total dielectric heating
15、 in a capacitor is a function of the force between the electrodes, the capacitance of the dielectric, and the number of force reversals per second. The force is the result of the attraction of the positive and negative charges on the electrodes. The magnitude of the charge Q on each of the electrode
16、s is proportional to the voltage difference V between the electrodes. The force is proportional to the product of the charge magnitudes. Because the positive and negative charges are equal to each other and are proportional to the applied voltage, the force (and losses) varies as the square of the a
17、pplied voltage. 11This information is from the referenced standard(s) and does not transplant these limits to this guide. See the first paragraph of Clause 2. 12See footnote 11. 13This quotation is from the referenced standard(s) and does not transplant these limits to this guide. 1.151.35 Copyright
18、 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 12:08:09 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE Std 1531-2003IEEE GUIDE FOR APPLICATIO
19、N AND 6Copyright 2003 IEEE. All rights reserved. The total dielectric heating varies linearly with the capacitance of the dielectric. Changes in capacitance due to change in area of the dielectric, thickness of the dielectric, and changes in the dielectric constant due to small materials variations
20、all affect the total heating linearly. The dc dielectric losses and resulting heating in a high voltage power capacitor are very small. The dielectric losses are dominated by ac losses. Each time the force is reversed there is an amount of loss. The ac losses are linear function of the applied frequ
21、ency. Therefore, for a single frequency, the dielectric losses are proportional to the square of the applied voltage, the capacitance, and the frequency, as shown in Equation (1): (1) Note that, for a capacitor, the reactive power Q is (2) (3) (4) Note the similarity in the expressions for dielectri
22、c loss and Q. For a single frequency, the dielectric heating in the capacitor is proportional to the reactive power (measured in kilovars). For a capacitor in a filter, there are multiple frequencies generating the dielectric heating. For filter applica- tions where (1) there is no significant dc vo
23、ltage present, (2) the harmonic voltages across the capacitor are smaller than the fundamental frequency voltage, and (3) the highest significant frequency is less than about 1 kHz, the dielectric heating will be within the 135% limit if (5) or (6) where fis the rated frequency of the capacitor and
24、system (Hz), Cis the actual capacitance of the capacitor (F), his the harmonic order, for all significant harmonics including the fundamental (h = 1), V(h)is the capacitor voltage (rms) at the h harmonic (kV), I(h)is the capacitor current (rms) at the h harmonic (A), Qratedis the capacitor rated rea
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