IEEE-442-1981-R2003.pdf
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1、 IEEE Std 442-1981 (reaffirmed 2003) IEEE Guide for Soil Thermal Resistivity Measurements Sponsor Insulated Conductors Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Reaffirmed 2003 IEEE Standards Board Copyright 1981 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc 345 East 47th Stree
2、t, New York, NY No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. IEEE Standards documents are developed within the Technical Committees of the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinatin
3、g Committees of the IEEE Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and without compensation. They are not necessarily members of the Institute. The standards developed within IEEE represent a consensus of the broad expertise on the subject within the Institute as well as those act
4、ivities outside of IEEE which have expressed an interest in participating in the development of the standard. Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods
5、 and services related to the scope of the IEEE Standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to change brought about through developments in the state of the art and comments received from users of the standard. Every IEEE Standard is subject
6、ed to review at least once every fi ve years for revision or reaffi rmation. When a document is more than fi ve years old, and has not been reaffi rmed, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly refl ect the present state of the art. Users are cautio
7、ned to check to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE Standard. Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affi liation with IEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, t
8、ogether with appropriate supporting comments. Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they relate to specifi c applications. When the need for interpretations is brought to the attention of IEEE, the Institute will initiate action to prepar
9、e appropriate responses. Since IEEE Standards represent a consensus of all concerned interests, it is important to ensure that any interpretation has also received the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason IEEE and the members of its technical committees are not able to provide an i
10、nstant response to interpretation requests except in those cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration. Comments on standards and requests for interpretations should be addressed to: Secretary, IEEE Standards Board 345 East 47th Street New York, NY 10017 USA iii Foreword (Thi
11、s Foreword is not a part of IEEE Std 442-1981, IEEE Guide for Soil Thermal Resistivity Measurements.) Throughout the years, many utilities, consultants, and testing fi rms have measured soil thermal resistivity both in situ and in the laboratory on selected soil samples. Such measurements have utili
12、zed various types of equipment and measurement techniques. In many cases, these testing methods have yielded inaccurate or inconsistent measurements of soil thermal resistivity. This has been attributed to the unavailability of commercial testing equipment and the lack of standardization associated
13、with the measurements. The Insulated Conductors Committee, recognizing the need for industry guidelines for the measurement of soil thermal resistivity, organized a working group of Subcommittee 12, Tests and Measurements, to write this needed guide. During the preparation of this guide, members of
14、the working group made many round-robin tests and measurements on selected soil samples. The expertise developed during these tests is refl ected in many parts of this guide. The IEEE will maintain this guide current with changes in the state of technology. However, comments or suggestions for addit
15、ions are invited on this guide. These should be addressed to: Secretary IEEE Standards Committee Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc 345 East 47th Street New York, NY 10017 USA The membership and individuals contributing to the writing of this guide and the performance of the roun
16、d-robin tests consisted of the following: M. A. Martin, Jr , Chair Mr. A. F. Baljet Mr. R. A. Bush Mr. D. Clarke Mr. J. R. Easterling Mr. M. L. Fenger Mr. S. W. Margolin Mr. J. J. Rueckert Mr. J. Stolpe Dr. W. W. Welna At the tune this guide was approved the members of the Test and Measurements Subc
17、ommittee were: T. A. Balaska , Chair C. F. Ackerman E. M. Allam A.M. Aubrey A. T. Baker A. F. Baljet R. Bartnikas E. W. Bennett C. W. Baldes L. A. Bondon J. A. Bradley R. A. Burkhardt M. D. Calcumuggio P. Chowdhuri W. Cole J. E. Conley W. F. Constantine J. N. Cooper F. V. Cunningham J. Densley E. K.
18、 Duffy G. S. Eager N. W. Edgerton R. M. Eichorn A. Fitspatrick E. O. Forster R.W. Foster R. D. Fulcomer J. B. Gardner J. Garland A. Garschick D. W. Gasda S. Gerhard W.R. Goldbach O.K. Gratzol R. A. Guba L. F. Hamilton C. A. Hatstat J. G. C. Henderson W. J. Herbert V. Herter H. C. Hervig, Jr R. R. Ho
19、ward H. I. Jehan C. V. Johnson R. J. Kasper iv L. J. Kelly W. B. Kenyon F. Kimsey M. Kopchik, Jr J. R. Kushner F. E. LaFetra A. F. LaScala J. S. Lasky R. H. Lee R. E. Leuch T. H. Ling R. Lukac G. E. Lusk R. Luther E. A. MacKenzie M. A. Martin, Jr I. J. Marwick E. J. McGowan A. L. McKean M. I. F. Mon
20、zon C. E. Muhleman J. H. Nicholas M. G. Noble H. Orton J. J. Pachot A. S. Paniri W. M. Pate J. R. Perkins K. A. Petty C. A. Pieroni J. S. Pirrong J. O. Punderson J. G. Quin P. H. Reynolds N. M. Sacks C. Saldivar D. Sandwick y E. L. Sankey A. Sansores G.W. Seman J. J. Shortall N. Singh H. B. Slade D.
21、 E. Soffrin N. Srinivas W. T. Starr J. L. Steiner R. Thayer K. Tomori R. T. Traut P. D. Tuttle J. R. Tuzinski C. F. von Hermann J. F. Wagner E. M. Walton R. H. W. Watkins W. D. Wilkens O. L. Willis P. J. Wilson R.T. Zukowski When the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on March 5, 1981, it h
22、ad the following membership: I. N. Howell, Jr , Chair Irving Kolodny , Vice Chair Sava I. Sherr , Secretary G. Y. R. Allen J. H. Beall J. T. Boettger Edward Chelotti Edward J. Cohen Warren H. Cook Len S. Corey Jay Forster Kurt Greene Loering M. Johnson Joseph L. Koepfinger J. E. May Donald T. Michae
23、l * F. Rosa R.W. Seelbach J.S. Stewart W.E. Vannah Virginius N. Vaughan, Jr Art Wall Robert E. Weiler * Member emeritus -,-,- v CLAUSEPAGE 1. Scope.1 2. Purpose1 3. References.1 4. Factors Influencing Soil Thermal Resistivity .2 4.1 Factors Influencing Measurements 2 4.2 Factors Influencing Applicat
24、ion of Measured Soil Thermal Resistivity . 3 5. Test Equipment.3 5.1 Equipment Required for Field Measurements. 4 5.2 Equipment Required for Laboratory Measurements 5 6. Test Methods.5 6.1 Methods for Field Measurements 5 6.2 Methods for Laboratory Measurements. 6 7. Analysis of Test Results7 7.1 Sa
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