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1、 NORME INTERNATIONALE CEI IEC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 61161 Deuxime dition Second edition 2006-12 Ultrasons Mesurage de puissance Balances de forces de rayonnement et exigences de fonctionnement Ultrasonics Power measurement Radiation force balances and performance requirements Numro de rfrence Refer
2、ence number CEI/IEC 61161:2006 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/07/2007 20:34:43 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Numrotation des
3、publications Depuis le 1er janvier 1997, les publications de la CEI sont numrotes partir de 60000. Ainsi, la CEI 34-1 devient la CEI 60034-1. Editions consolides Les versions consolides de certaines publications de la CEI incorporant les amendements sont disponibles. Par exemple, les numros ddition
4、1.0, 1.1 et 1.2 indiquent respectivement la publication de base, la publication de base incorporant lamendement 1, et la publication de base incorporant les amendements 1 et 2. Informations supplmentaires sur les publications de la CEI Le contenu technique des publications de la CEI est constamment
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9、stions au sujet de cette publication ou avez besoin de renseignements supplmentaires, prenez contact avec le Service clients: Email: custserviec.ch Tl: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 Publication numbering As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the 60000
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14、rmation is also available on recently issued publications, withdrawn and replaced publications, as well as corrigenda. IEC Just Published This summary of recently issued publications (www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub) is also available by email. Please contact the Customer Service Centre (see below) f
15、or further information. Customer Service Centre If you have any questions regarding this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: Email: custserviec.ch Tel: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 . Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provide
16、d by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/07/2007 20:34:43 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- NORME INTERNATIONALE CEI IEC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 61161 Deuxime dition Second edition 2006-12 Ultrasons
17、Mesurage de puissance Balances de forces de rayonnement et exigences de fonctionnement Ultrasonics Power measurement Radiation force balances and performance requirements Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur For price, see current catalogue IEC 2006 Droits de reproduction rservs Copyright - all righ
18、ts reserved Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut tre reproduite ni utilise sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procd, lectronique ou mcanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans laccord crit de lditeur. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
19、or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varemb, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inm
20、ailiec.ch Web: www.iec.ch CODE PRIX PRICE CODE X Commission Electrotechnique Internationale International Electrotechnical Commission Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/07/2
21、007 20:34:43 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 2 61161 CEI:2006 SOMMAIRE AVANT-PROPOS6 INTRODUCTION.10 1 Domaine dapplication.12 2 Rfrences normatives .12 3 Termes et dfinitions 14 4 Liste des symboles .16 5 Exigences pour les balances de forces de rayonnement
22、16 5.1 Gnralits16 5.2 Types de cibles .18 5.3 Diamtre de la cible.18 5.4 Balance / Systme de mesurage de force 20 5.5 Rservoir du systme 20 5.6 Structures de support de la cible20 5.7 Positionnement du transducteur.20 5.8 Feuillets contre les courants 20 5.9 Couplage du transducteur20 5.10 talonnage
23、 20 6 Exigences pour les conditions de mesurage22 6.1 Positionnement latral de la cible.22 6.2 Distance du transducteur la cible 22 6.3 Eau .22 6.4 Contact avec leau .22 6.5 Conditions denvironnement.22 6.6 Drives thermiques22 7 Incertitude de mesurage .24 7.1 Gnralits24 7.2 Systme de balance suspen
24、sion de cible 24 7.3 Linarit et rsolution du systme de balance 24 7.4 Extrapolation au moment de la commutation du transducteur ultrasonore.24 7.5 Imperfections de la cible26 7.6 Gomtrie de la cible rflchissante 26 7.7 Absorbeurs latraux dans le cas de mesurages dune cible rflchissante26 7.8 Dsalign
25、ement de la cible26 7.9 Dsalignement du transducteur ultrasonore .26 7.10 Temprature de leau.26 7.11 Attnuation ultrasonore et courant acoustique26 7.12 Proprits de feuillet26 7.13 Taille de cible finie.26 7.14 Hypothse de londe plane.26 7.15 Influences de lenvironnement28 7.16 Mesurage de la tensio
26、n dexcitation .28 7.17 Temprature du transducteur ultrasonore.28 7.18 Non linarit28 7.19 Autres sources 28 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/07/2007 20:34:43 MSTNo reproduc
27、tion or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 61161 IEC:2006 3 CONTENTS FOREWORD.7 INTRODUCTION.11 1 Scope.13 2 Normative references .13 3 Terms and definitions .15 4 List of symbols .17 5 Requirements for radiation force balances17 5.1 General.17 5.2 Target type19 5.3 Target diameter.
28、19 5.4 Balance / Force measuring system21 5.5 System tank 21 5.6 Target support structures 21 5.7 Transducer positioning 21 5.8 Anti-streaming foils21 5.9 Transducer coupling21 5.10 Calibration.21 6 Requirements for measuring conditions23 6.1 Lateral target position23 6.2 Transducer-target separatio
29、n 23 6.3 Water 23 6.4 Water contact23 6.5 Environmental conditions 23 6.6 Thermal drifts23 7 Measurement uncertainty .25 7.1 General.25 7.2 Balance system including target suspension25 7.3 Linearity and resolution of the balance system 25 7.4 Extrapolation to the moment of switching the ultrasonic t
30、ransducer .25 7.5 Target imperfections27 7.6 Reflecting target geometry 27 7.7 Lateral absorbers in the case of reflecting target measurements .27 7.8 Target misalignment27 7.9 Ultrasonic transducer misalignment.27 7.10 Water temperature 27 7.11 Ultrasonic attenuation and acoustic streaming.27 7.12
31、Foil properties .27 7.13 Finite target size27 7.14 Plane-wave assumption.27 7.15 Environmental influences 29 7.16 Excitation voltage measurement29 7.17 Ultrasonic transducer temperature.29 7.18 Non-linearity29 7.19 Other sources29 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS u
32、nder license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/07/2007 20:34:43 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 4 61161 CEI:2006 Annexe A (informative) Informations additionnelles concernant divers aspects des mesurages de force
33、 de rayonnement.32 Annexe B (normative) Formules fondamentales56 Annexe C (informative) Autres mthodes de mesurage de la puissance ultrasonore62 Annexe D (informative) Milieu de propagation et dgazage.64 Annexe E (informative) Mesurage de force de rayonnement avec faisceaux ultrasonores divergents.7
34、4 Annexe F (informative) Restrictions lies aux configurations de balance.82 Bibliographie.92 Figure 1 Vue en coupe dune cible absorbante30 Figure 2 Vrification de la linarit: lecture de balance en fonction de la grandeur dentre.30 Figure D.1 Exemple de concentration en oxygne dissous en fonction du
35、temps pour 200 ml deau dgaze par le vide dans un verre ayant une surface libre de liquide de 34 cm268 Figure D.2 Concentration en oxygne dissous en fonction du temps pour 2 g/l, 4 g/l et 6 g/l de sulfite de sodium dans de leau dminralise et pour diffrentes surfaces libres et volumes deau.70 Figure E
36、.1 Rsultat du piston (courbe oscillante) pour P/cF en fonction de ka, approximation de pic (line continue) et courbe centrale intermdiaire (ligne brise) reprsentant le facteur de correction corr. .76 Figure E.2 P/cF en fonction de ka pour quatre distributions damplitude pseudo- trapzodales diffrente
37、s, avec = 0 (piston) (plein) ; = 0,1 (tiret); = 0,25 (point); = 0,6 (tiret/point).76 Figure E.3 Rapport de la conductance de rayonnement G obtenue en utilisant une cible rflchissante conique convexe demi-angle de cne de 45 une cible absorbante vis-vis de la valeur de ka pour 11 transducteurs diffren
38、ts utiliser en physiothrapie et dans 3 laboratoires diffrents 26 80 Figure F.1 Configuration A, cible absorbante (a) ou rflchissante (b)84 Figure F.2 Configuration B, cible rflchissante conique convexe.84 Figure F.3 Configuration B, cible absorbante .84 Figure F.4 Configuration C, cible absorbante .
39、86 Figure F.5 Configuration E, cible absorbante (a) ou rflchissante conique concave (b) .86 Figure F.6 Configuration F, cible rflchissante conique convexe.86 Figure F.7 Configuration F, cible absorbante86 Tableau D.1 Mthodes de dgazage de leau66 Tableau D.2 Conditions de dgazage et dbullition 68 Tab
40、leau F.1 Avantages et dsavantages de diffrentes configurations90 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/07/2007 20:34:43 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without licen
41、se from IHS -,-,- 61161 IEC:2006 5 Annex A (informative) Additional information on various aspects of radiation force measurements 33 Annex B (normative) Basic formulae 57 Annex C (informative) Other methods of ultrasonic power measurement63 Annex D (informative) Propagation medium and degassing65 A
42、nnex E (informative) Radiation force measurement with diverging ultrasonic beams75 Annex F (informative) Limitations associated with the balance arrangements.83 Bibliography93 Figure 1 Section through an absorbing target.31 Figure 2 Linearity check: balance readout as a function of the input quantit
43、y .31 Figure D.1 Example of dissolved oxygen concentration as a function of time for 200 ml of vacuum degassed water in a glass with liquid surface area of 34 cm2.69 Figure D.2 Dissolved oxygen concentration as a function of time for 2 g/l, 4 g/l and 6 g/l of sodium sulphite in de-mineralized water
44、and for different surface areas and volumes of water.71 Figure E.1 Piston result (oscillating curve) for P/cF as a function of ka, with “peak“ approximation (unbroken line) and the central, half-way curve (broken line) representing the correction factor corr. .77 Figure E.2 P/cF as a function of ka
45、for four different pseudo-trapezoidal amplitude distributions, with = 0 (piston) (solid); = 0,1 (dash); = 0,25 (dot); = 0,6 (dash/dot). 77 Figure E.3 Ratio of the radiation conductance G as obtained using a convex-conical reflecting target with a cone half-angle of 45 to an absorbing target versus t
46、he value of ka for 11 different transducers to be used in physiotherapy and 3 different laboratories 2681 Figure F.1 Arrangement A, with absorbing (a) or reflecting (b) target .85 Figure F.2 Arrangement B, with convex-conical reflecting target 85 Figure F.3 Arrangement B, with absorbing target .85 F
47、igure F.4 Arrangement C, with absorbing target .87 Figure F.5 Arrangement E, with absorbing (a) or concave-conical reflecting (b) target .87 Figure F.6 Arrangement F, with convex-conical reflecting target 87 Figure F.7 Arrangement F, with absorbing target .87 Table D.1 Water degassing methods67 Table D.2 Conditions for degassing by boiling69 Table F.1 Advantages and disadvantages of different arrangements91 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing,
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