IEEE-845-1999-R2005.pdf
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1、The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2005 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 28 September 1999. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered tradem
2、ark in the U.S. Patent (978) 750-8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copy- right Clearance Center. Note: Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject
3、 matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents for which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for con
4、ducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/29/2007 00:1
5、3:25 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved. iii Introduction (This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 845-1999, IEEE Guide for the Evaluation of Human-System Performance in Nuclear Power Generating Stations.) This introdu
6、ction provides background on the rationale used to develop this guide. This information is meant to assist in the understanding and usage of this guide. Human factors engineering has been a part of nuclear power plant design, construction, and operation from the industrys beginning, although not und
7、er that name. (For example, see H. L. Parris, “A Review of Human Factors R b)Testing design or operating approaches for adequacy; c) Comparing alternative designs or confi gurations; or d)Evaluating the maintainability of the system. This guide is for use by personnel who are familiar with the conce
8、pts of formal human factors analysis, but not necessarily familiar with the details of specifi c techniques. 1 The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex A. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELice
9、nsee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/29/2007 00:13:25 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE Std 845-1999IEEE GUIDE FOR THE EVALUATION OF HUMAN-SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 2 Copyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved. 2. Defi nitions Fo
10、r the purposes of this guide, the following terms and defi nitions apply. IEEE Std 100-1996 B2 should be referenced for terms not defi ned in this clause. 2.1 human-system interface (HSI): The interaction between workers and their equipment. This interaction requires information to fl ow in two dire
11、ctions. The system provides status information to the user, and the user provides control information to the system. Used in other texts as man-machine interface (MMI), human-machine interface (HMI), human-machine system (HMS), and human-computer interface (HCI). (For further information see IEEE St
12、d 1289-1998 B5.) 2.2 system development cycle: The life cycle through which a system is developed, which consists of the following: a)Concept development; b)Design; c)Test and construction; d)Operation; and e)Maintenance (see IEEE Std 1023-1988 B3). 3. Evaluating human-system performance 3.1 General
13、 To evaluate human-system performance, the evaluator needs to recognize that human performance is integral to system performance throughout design, development, testing, operation, and maintenance activities. Therefore, human performance is an integral part of system performance evaluation. Human pe
14、rformance is infl uenced by many factors. For example, environmental conditions; organizational design; training; and physiological, perceptual, and cognitive processes all infl uence human performance. The evaluator can apply various measures and evaluation techniques to formally evaluate the perfo
15、rmance of people on tasks of interest. There are several considerations that are associated with evaluating human-system performance. These include the following: a)Selection and implementation of the measure and technique; b)Analysis and interpretation of human performance data; c)Measuring cogniti
16、ve processes; d)Generalizing from experimental studies; and e)Establishing meaningful performance criteria for some tasks. A comprehensive approach to human-system performance evaluation will require attention to these considerations. This guide includes brief discussions of selected considerations
17、as they relate to the performance evaluation techniques recommended here. For a more detailed discussion of potential considerations, see ANSI/AIAA G-035-1992 B1. This guide describes human-system performance evaluation techniques that may be used to support the systems design approach described in
18、IEEE Std 1023-1988 B3. These evaluation techniques include paper and pencil, observational, expert judgment, and experimental techniques. Human factors design analyses techniques (e.g., mission, function, task, and link analyses) are not included in this guide, but are described Copyright The Instit
19、ute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/29/2007 00:13:25 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE IN NUCLEAR POWER GENERATING STATIONSStd
20、 845-1999 Copyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved. 3 in IEEE Std 1023-1988 B3. Human factors expertise is desirable when selecting and applying appropriate human-system performance evaluation techniques to avoid the use of ineffi cient or inappropriate techniques. Descriptions of the type of data o
21、btained from each technique, cost considerations, and other useful decision criteria are included to guide the user in incorporating human performance evaluation in system design. 3.2 Evaluation concepts Human-system performance evaluation requires the evaluator to select appropriate measurement tec
22、hniques, collect the data, and analyze and interpret the results. The selection of appropriate measurement techniques depends on the purpose of the overall evaluation and other practical constraints. Within these limits, different techniques exist that will be more or less suited to particular situa
23、tions. This guide contains information for the selection and application of human-system performance evaluation techniques. To interpret results, the evaluator should specify criteria for judging the acceptability of human-system performance. Without some form of acceptance criteria, the evaluator h
24、as performed only measurement, not evaluation. These criteria may be informal (evaluators opinion regarding the acceptability of the performance) or formal (establishing specifi c criteria related to the measurement; for example, operator diagnosis within a specifi c time limit). Other performance c
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