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1、IEEE Std 1128-1998 IEEE Std 1128-1998 IEEE Recommended Practice for Radio-Frequency (RF) Absorber Evaluation in the Range of 30 MHz to 5 GHz IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Society Sponsored by the Standards Committee 30 April 1998SH94591 Copyright 1998 IEEE All Rights Reserved1 IEEE Std 1128-199
2、8 (R2006) IEEE Recommended Practice for Radio- Frequency (RF) Absorber Evaluation in the Range of 30 MHz to 5 GHz Sponsor Standards Committee of the IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Society Approved 13 January 1998 Reaffirmed 14 September 2006 IEEE Standards Board Abstract: Realistic and repeatabl
3、e criteria, as well as recommended test methods, for characterizing the absorption properties of typical anechoic chamber linings applied to a metallic surface are described. Parameters and test procedures are described for the evaluation of RF absorbers to be used for radiated emissions and radiate
4、d susceptibility testing of electronic products, in the absorber manufacturer and/or absorber user environment, over the frequency range of 30 MHz to 5 GHz. Keywords: anechoic chamber, radiated emissions, RF absorber, semianechoic chamber The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3
5、45 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394 Copyright 1998 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 1998. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN 1-55937-986-3 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retr
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16、ission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational class- room use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Note: Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By public
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18、r scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. Copyright 1998 IEEE. All rights reserved.iii Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1128-1998, IEEE Recommended Practice for Radio-Frequency (RF) Absorber Evaluation in the Range of 30 MHz to 5 GHz. Interest in materials tha
19、t absorb radio-frequency energy has existed for many years. The recent increased regulation of sources of radio waves and equipment immunity levels has led to the need for a more accurate determination of electromagnetic field intensity. As modern measuring antennas and receivers have increased meas
20、urement accuracy, the problem of making accurate measurements in less than optimum open- area test sites has become a more important part of the overall measurement procedures. The practice of placing absorbing materials on the walls and ceilings of measuring sites to reduce reflections from these s
21、ur- faces has become common. Claims for the efficacy of various absorbing materials, however, have led to conflicting reports in the literature, which confuse many potential purchasers of absorbing material. An effort to end that confusion led to the development of a draft recommended practice in 19
22、86. Following sev- eral years of work, the current recommended practice was developed. At the time this recommended practice was completed, the working group had the following membership: Jose Perini, Chair Anatoly Tsailovich, Vice ChairFerdy Mayer, Secretary The following individuals have contribut
23、ed reviews and comments and have attended meetings: The following persons were on the balloting committee: Paul Anderson Edwin L. Bronaugh Frederic J. Broyde Donald E. Clark Larry S. Cohen William E. Cory Heinrich Garn David Giangiulli Franz Gisin Diethard Hansen H. R. Hofmann Motohisa Kanda Keneth
24、K. Kimura James C. Klouda Brian F. Lawrence Ming-Chiang Li Kefeng Liu L. Van De Looverbosch Atsuya Maeda Luc Martens William H. McGinnis Walter D. McKerchar Fernando Mendoza John D. Osburn Barry Pate Ghery S. Petit Hugo Pues Scott Roleson Gabriel A. Sanchez Verner Schaefer James R. Stidman Randy And
25、erson J. P. Chaumat Tim DArcangelis Hugh W. Denny Michael Foegelle Tim Harrington Grahme Harveyu Donald N. Heirman John Howard Edward F. Kuester Robert Martens D. Mc Nulty Monika Neufingeri Detlef Ristan M. Sekimoto Shrish Shah K. Shinada James Royal Gary F. E. Vrooman Donald A. Weber Stephen H. Ber
26、ger Edwin L. Bronaugh Frederic J. Broyde Joseph E. Butler Donald E. Clark William E. Cory Hugh W. Denny Heinrich Garn Donald N. Heirman Daniel D. Hoolihan Atsuya Maeda Ferdy Mayer John D. Osburn Jose Perini Ghery Pettit A. Piper J. H. Pluck Scott Roleson David Seabury Ralph M. Showers Donald L. Swee
27、ney David L. Traver Graham Wilson ivCopyright 1998 IEEE. All rights reserved. The final conditions for approval of this recommended paractice were met on 13 January 1998. This recom- mended practice was conditionally approved by the IEEE Standards Board on 9 December 1997, with the following members
28、hip: Donald C. Loughry, ChairRichard J. Holleman, Vice Chair Andrew G. Salem, Secretary *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal Alan H. Cookson Clyde R. Camp Stephen L. Diamond Harold E. Epstein Donald C. Fleckenstein Jay Forster*
29、Thomas F. Garrity Donald N. Heirman Jim Isaak Ben C. Johnson Lowell Johnson Robert Kennelly E. G. “Al” Kiener Joseph L. Koepfinger* Stephen R. Lambert Lawrence V. McCall L. Bruce McClung Marco W. Migliaro Loius-Franois Pau Gerald H. Peterson John W. Pope Jose R. Ramos Ronald H. Reimer Ingo Rsch John
30、 S. Ryan Chee Kiow Tan Howard L. Wolfman Copyright 1998 IEEE. All rights reserved.v Contents 1.Introduction 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Applications. 1 2.References 2 3.Definitions and acronyms 2 3.1 Definitions . 2 3.2 Acronyms. 4 4.Measurement instrumentation 5 4.1 Spectrum analyzers 5 4.2 Spectrum analyzer
31、 and tracking generator. 8 4.3 Electromagnetic interference (EMI) receiver 11 4.4 Vector network analyzers 13 4.5 Scaler network analyzers. 13 4.6 Vector voltmeter 14 4.7 Time-domain reflectometer . 15 4.8 EMC antennas 16 5.Test environment parameter guidelines. 17 6.Material bulk-parameter evaluati
32、on. 17 6.1 Background 18 6.2 Bulk-parameter measurement procedures . 21 7.Evaluation of the reflectivity of RF absorbers. 26 7.1 Background 26 7.2 RF absorber reflectivity measurement procedures 28 8.RF absorber performance in ATS, ALC, and semianechoic absorber-lined chambers (SALC). 49 8.1 Backgro
33、und 49 8.2 ATS and ALC measurement procedure. 50 8.3 Semianechoic chamber measurement procedure. 55 9.Test reports 57 9.1 Test report content. 57 9.2 Test report disposition . 57 10.Bibliography 57 Copyright 1998 IEEE. All rights reserved.1 IEEE Recommended Practice for Radio-Frequency (RF) Absorber
34、 Evaluation in the Range of 30 MHz to 5 GHz 1. Introduction 1.1 Scope The purpose of this recommended practice is to recommend realistic and repeatable criteria, as well as rec- ommended test methods, to characterize the absorption properties of typical anechoic chamber linings applied to a metallic
35、 surface. This recommended practice covers the parameters and test procedures for the evaluation of radio-frequency (RF) absorbers to be used for radiated emissions and radiated susceptibility testing of electronic products, in the absorber manufacturer and/or absorber user environment, over the fre
36、- quency range of 30 MHz to 5 GHz. The recommended methods approach the RF absorber evaluation at three levels: a)RF absorber materials bulk parameters b)Arrays of commercially available RF absorbers c)RF absorbers in actual applications, as in anechoic or semianechoic chambers and lined open-area t
37、est sites. The evaluation measurements can be performed in frequency and/or time domain. This recommended pratice, however, does not address the accuracy and limitations of the different evaluation methods. These issues will be addressed in future revisions of this recommended pratice. 1.2 Applicati
38、ons With the proliferation of RF absorber-lined shielded rooms, and their wide utilization for testing equipment for radiated emissions and radiated susceptibility, there is a need to provide repeatable and realistic perfor- mance figures of such RF absorbers in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 5 GH
39、z and higher. Up until now, the data provided by many manufacturers usually has been for normal incidence only. This data eliminates the effect of polarization on the RF absorber performance. For RF absorbers that use a pyra- midal structure, the reflection coefficient is also a function of the alig
40、nment of the incident wave with the pyramidal structure, especially for high frequencies and for large angles of incidence. Furthermore, only the magnitude of the reflection coefficient typically is provided by the manufacturers. The lack of these kinds of data precludes the accurate calculation of
41、the performance of RF absorber materials in the great majority of applications. IEEE Std 1128-1998IEEE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR RADIO-FREQUENCY (RF) 2Copyright 1998 IEEE. All rights reserved. This recommended practice is intended as an aid to RF absorber users and manufacturers. It indicates the typ
42、e of data that is required by the design engineer and the various methods that may be used to obtain such data. It is hoped that, in the future, both manufacturers and users will utilize the same or accepted equivalent methods to estimate the performance of RF absorbers. 2. References This recommend
43、ed practice should be used in conjunction with the following documents: ANSI C63.2-1996, American National Standard for Electromagnetic Noise and Field Strength Instumenta- tion, 10 kHz to 40 GHz Specifications.1 ANSI C63.4-1992, American National Standard for Methods of Measurement of Radio-Noise E
44、missions from Low-Voltage Electrical and Electronic Equipment in the Range of 9 kHz to 40 GHz. IEC/CISPR 16-1 (1993-08), Specifications for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methodsPart 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus.2 3. Definitions and acronyms 3.1 Defin
45、itions For the purposes of this recommended practice, the following terms and definitions shall apply. 3.1.1 absorber-lined chamber (ALC): A room or enclosure (either shielded or unshielded) with all of its surfaces lined with radio-frequency (RF) absorber material. Commonly referred to as an anecho
46、ic chamber. 3.1.2 absorber-lined open-area test site (ATS): An open-area test site (OATS) in which the ground plane is covered with radio-frequency (RF) absorber to suppress ground reflections. See also: open-area test site (OATS). 3.1.3 angle of incidence: At a point on a surface, the acute angle b
47、etween the normal to this surface and the direction of propagation of an incident wave. 3.1.4 antenna factor: a) Quantity relating the strength of the field in which an antenna is immersed to the output voltage across the load connected to the antenna. b) A factor that, when properly applied to the
48、volt- age meter reading of the measuring instrument, yields the electric field strength in volts/meter or the mag- netic field strength in amperes/meter. NOTES 1This factor includes the effects of antenna effective length and mismatch and may include transmission line loss. 2The factor for the elect
49、ric field strength is not necessarily the same as the factor for the magnetic field strength. 3The antenna factor, as determined in ANSI C63.5-1988, is very nearly equal to the free-space antenna factor. 3.1.5 bistatic reflectivity: The reflectivity when the reflected wave is in any specified direction other than back toward the transmit antenna. The transmit and receive antennas are at different locations. 1ANSI C63 publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscat- away, NJ 08855-1331, USA; or f
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