IEC-TR-60825-14-2004.pdf
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1、 TECHNICAL REPORT IEC TR 60825-14 First edition 2004-02 Safety of laser products Part 14: A users guide Reference number IEC/TR 60825-14:2004(E) Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resa
2、le, 03/08/2007 01:23:23 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Publication numbering As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the 60000 series. For example, IEC 34-1 is now referred to as IEC 60034-1. Consolidated editions The IE
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8、ication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: Email: custserviec.ch Tel: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Res
9、ale, 03/08/2007 01:23:23 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TECHNICAL REPORT IEC TR 60825-14 First edition 2004-02 Safety of laser products Part 14: A users guide PRICE CODE IEC 2004 Copyright - all rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced
10、or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varemb, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41
11、22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmailiec.ch Web: www.iec.ch XD For price, see current catalogue Commission Electrotechnique Internationale International Electrotechnical Commission Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User
12、=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/08/2007 01:23:23 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 2 TR 60825-14 IEC:2004(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.4 INTRODUCTION.6 1 Scope and object7 2 Terms and definitions .8 3 Administrative policies16 3.1 Safety responsibilities .16 3.2 Comp
13、etent persons .17 3.3 Laser Safety Officer 17 3.4 Information and training.18 4 Laser radiation hazards19 4.1 Laser products 19 4.2 Exposure to laser radiation23 4.3 Determining the level of laser exposure.23 5 Determining the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) .28 5.1 General remarks28 5.2 Repetiti
14、vely pulsed or modulated lasers 28 5.3 Multiple wavelengths .29 5.4 Extended source MPEs .30 5.5 Hazard distance and hazard area30 6 Associated hazards 31 6.1 Additional health hazards 31 6.2 Hazards arising from the laser.32 6.3 Hazards arising from the environment .33 6.4 Control of associated haz
15、ards .34 7 Evaluating risk35 7.1 Hazards and risks .35 7.2 Risk assessment: Stage 1 Identifying potentially injurious situations. .35 7.3 Risk assessment: Stage 2 Assessing risk for potentially injurious situations.36 7.4 Risk assessment: Stage 3 Selecting control measures .38 8 Control measures .38
16、 8.1 General.38 8.2 Hazard reduction.39 8.3 Enclosing the hazard.39 8.4 Hazard mitigation 41 8.5 Equipment servicing 46 9 Maintenance of safe operation47 10 Incident reporting and accident investigation 48 11 Medical surveillance .48 Annex A (informative) Examples of interlock systems for laser cont
17、rolled areas.54 Annex B (informative) Examples of calculations.59 Annex C (informative) Biophysical considerations82 Bibliography92 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/08/200
18、7 01:23:23 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TR 60825-14 IEC:2004(E) 3 Figure 1 Laser hazard symbol18 Figure 2a Measurement set-up using a lens.26 Figure 2b Direct measurement set-up 27 Figure 2 Measurement set-ups.27 Figure A.1 Purpose of an interlock system
19、.56 Figure A.2 Non-locking interlock system 57 Figure A.3 Locking interlock system.58 Figure B.1 Laser diode array with two groupings76 Figure C.1 Anatomy of the eye.89 Figure C.2 Diagram of laser-induced damage in biological systems .90 Table 1 Default protective control measures for laser products
20、 21 Table 2 The diameter of the limiting aperture applicable to measurements of irradiance and radiant exposure (t is the exposure duration).25 Table 3 Duration Ti below which pulse groups are summed up 29 Table 4 Additivity of effects on eye (O) and skin (S) of radiation of different spectral regio
21、ns .30 Table 5 Maximum permissible exposure (MPE) at the cornea for direct exposure to laser radiation.49 Table 6 Maximum permissible exposure (MPE) at the cornea for direct exposure to laser radiation from extended sources in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 1400 nm (retinal hazard region) 50 Ta
22、ble 7 Maximum permissible exposure (MPE) of skin to laser radiation51 Table 8 Correction factors for MPEs 52 Table 9 Laser controlled areas.53 Table C.1 Summary of pathological effects associated with excessive exposure to light 84 Table C.2 Explanation of measurement apertures applied to the MPEs88
23、 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/08/2007 01:23:23 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 4 TR 60825-14 IEC:2004(E) INTERNATIONAL ELECTR
24、OTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ SAFETY OF LASER PRODUCTS Part 14: A users guide FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote inter
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