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1、 IEEE Std 1159-1995(R2001) IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality Sponsor IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 22 on Power Quality Reaffirmed 2 August 2001 Approved 2 February 1996 American National Standards Institute Reaffirmed 17 March 2001 Approved 14 June 1995 IEEE Sta
2、ndards Board Abstract: The monitoring of electric power quality of ac power systems, definitions of power quality terminology, impact of poor power quality on utility and customer equipment, and the measurement of electromagnetic phenomena are covered. Keywords: data interpretation, electric power q
3、uality, electromagnetic phenomena, monitoring, power quality definitions The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USA Copyright 1995 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 1995. P
4、rinted in the United States of America. ISBN 1-55937-549-3 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Recognized as an American National Standard (ANSI) IEEE Standards documents are
5、 developed within the Technical Committees of the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and without compensation. They are not necessarily members of the Institute. The standards developed within IEEE represe
6、nt a consensus of the broad expertise on the subject within the Institute as well as those activities outside of IEEE that have expressed an interest in partici- pating in the development of the standard. Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply t
7、hat there are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, mar- ket, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE Standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to change brought about through developments in the
8、state of the art and com- ments received from users of the standard. Every IEEE Standard is subjected to review at least every ve years for revision or reafrmation. When a document is more than ve years old and has not been reafrmed, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still of
9、some value, do not wholly reect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE Standard. Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership afliation with IEEE. Suggestions for
10、 changes in docu- ments should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together with appropriate supporting comments. Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they relate to specic applications. When the need for interpretations is brou
11、ght to the attention of IEEE, the Institute will initiate action to prepare appro- priate responses. Since IEEE Standards represent a consensus of all concerned inter- ests, it is important to ensure that any interpretation has also received the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason
12、 IEEE and the members of its technical com- mittees are not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requests except in those cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration. Comments on standards and requests for interpretations should be addressed to: Secretary, IE
13、EE Standards Board 445 Hoes Lane P.O. Box 1331 Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331 USA IEEE Standards documents may involve the use of patented technology. Their approval by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers does not mean that using such technology for the purpose of conforming to such sta
14、ndards is authorized by the patent owner. It is the obligation of the user of such technology to obtain all necessary permissions. iii Introduction (This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1159-1995, IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality.) This recommended practice was de
15、veloped out of an increasing awareness of the difculty in comparing results obtained by researchers using different instruments when seeking to characterize the quality of low- voltage power systems. One of the initial goals was to promote more uniformity in the basic algorithms and data reduction m
16、ethods applied by different instrument manufacturers. This proved difcult and was not achieved, given the free market principles under which manufacturers design and market their products. However, consensus was achieved on the contents of this recommended practice, which provides guidance to users
17、of monitoring instruments so that some degree of comparisons might be possible. An important rst step was to compile a list of power quality related denitions to ensure that contributing parties would at least speak the same language, and to provide instrument manufacturers with a common base for id
18、entifying power quality phenomena. From that starting point, a review of the objectives of moni- toring provides the necessary perspective, leading to a better understanding of the means of monitoringthe instruments. The operating principles and the application techniques of the monitoring instrumen
19、ts are described, together with the concerns about interpretation of the monitoring results. Supporting information is provided in a bibliography, and informative annexes address calibration issues. The Working Group on Monitoring Electric Power Quality, which undertook the development of this recom
20、- mended practice, had the following membership: J. Charles Smith, Chair Gil Hensley, Secretary Larry Ray, Technical Editor Mark AndresenThomas KeyJohn Roberts Vladi BaschJack KingAnthony St. John Roger BergeronDavid KreissMarek Samotyj John BurnettFranois MartzloffRon Smith John DaltonAlex McEacher
21、nBill Stuntz Andrew DettloffBill MoncriefJohn Sullivan Dave GrifthAllen MorinecDavid Vannoy Thomas GruzsRam MukherjiMarek Waclawlak Erich GuntherRichard NailenDaniel Ward Mark KempkerDavid PileggiSteve Whisenant Harry Rauworth In addition to the working group members, the following people contribute
22、d their knowledge and experience to this document: Ed CantwellChristy HerigTejindar Singh John CurlettAllan LudbrookMaurice Tetreault Harshad Mehta iv The following persons were on the balloting committee: James J. BurkeDavid KreissJacob A. Roiz David A. DiniMichael Z. LowensteinMarek Samotyj W. Mac
23、k GradyFranois D. MartzloffRalph M. Showers David P. HartmannStephen McCluerJ. C. Smith Michael HigginsA. McEachernRobert L. Smith Thomas S. KeyW. A. MoncriefDaniel J. Ward Joseph L. KoepngerP. RichmanCharles H. Williams John M. Roberts When the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on June 14
24、, 1995, it had the following membership: E. G. Al Kiener, Chair Donald C. Loughry, Vice Chair Andrew G. Salem, Secretary Gilles A. BarilRichard J. HollemanMarco W. Migliaro Clyde R. CampJim IsaakMary Lou Padgett Joseph A. CannatelliBen C. JohnsonJohn W. Pope Stephen L. DiamondSonny KasturiArthur K.
25、Reilly Harold E. EpsteinLorraine C. KevraGary S. Robinson Donald C. FleckensteinIvor N. KnightIngo Rusch Jay Forster*Joseph L. Koepnger*Chee Kiow Tan Donald N. HeirmanD. N. Jim LogothetisLeonard L. Tripp L. Bruce McClung *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE Standards Board
26、 liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal Richard B. Engelman Robert E. Hebner Chester C. Taylor Rochelle L. Stern IEEE Standards Project Editor v Contents CLAUSEPAGE 1.Overview 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose. 2 2.References 2 3.Definitions 2 3.1 Terms used in this recommended practice. 2 3.2 Avoided terms 7 3.3 Abb
27、reviations and acronyms 8 4.Power quality phenomena 9 4.1 Introduction 9 4.2 Electromagnetic compatibility. 9 4.3 General classification of phenomena. 9 4.4 Detailed descriptions of phenomena11 5.Monitoring objectives 24 5.1 Introduction 24 5.2 Need for monitoring power quality 25 5.3 Equipment tole
28、rances and effects of disturbances on equipment 25 5.4 Equipment types. 25 5.5 Effect on equipment by phenomena type. 26 6.Measurement instruments 29 6.1 Introduction 29 6.2 AC voltage measurements. 29 6.3 AC current measurements 30 6.4 Voltage and current considerations 30 6.5 Monitoring instrument
29、s 31 6.6 Instrument power. 34 7.Application techniques. 35 7.1 Safety. 35 7.2 Monitoring location . 38 7.3 Equipment connection . 41 7.4 Monitoring thresholds 43 7.5 Monitoring period 46 8.Interpreting power monitoring results . 47 8.1 Introduction 47 8.2 Interpreting data summaries. 48 8.3 Critical
30、 data extraction. 49 8.4 Interpreting critical events . 51 8.5 Verifying data interpretation 59 vi ANNEXESPAGE Annex A Calibration and self testing (informative) 60 A.1Introduction 60 A.2Calibration issues. 61 Annex B Bibliography (informative) 63 B.1Definitions and general 63 B.2Susceptibility and
31、symptomsvoltage disturbances and harmonics 65 B.3Solutions 65 B.4Existing power quality standards. 67 1 IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This recommended practice encompasses the monitoring of electric power quality of single-phase and polyphase a
32、c power systems. As such, it includes consistent descriptions of electromagnetic phenomena occurring on power systems. The document also presents denitions of nominal conditions and of deviations from these nominal conditions, which may originate within the source of supply or load equipment, or fro
33、m interactions between the source and the load. Brief, generic descriptions of load susceptibility to deviations from nominal conditions are presented to identify which deviations may be of interest. Also, this document presents recommendations for measure- ment techniques, application techniques, a
34、nd interpretation of monitoring results so that comparable results from monitoring surveys performed with different instruments can be correlated. While there is no implied limitation on the voltage rating of the power system being monitored, signal inputs to the instruments are limited to 1000 Vac
35、rms or less. The frequency ratings of the ac power systems being monitored are in the range of 45450 Hz. Although it is recognized that the instruments may also be used for monitoring dc supply systems or data transmission systems, details of application to these special cases are under consideratio
36、n and are not included in the scope. It is also recognized that the instruments may perform monitoring functions for envi- ronmental conditions (temperature, humidity, high frequency electromagnetic radiation); however, the scope of this document is limited to conducted electrical parameters derived
37、 from voltage or current measure- ments, or both. Finally, the denitions are solely intended to characterize common electromagnetic phenomena to facilitate communication between various sectors of the power quality community. The denitions of electromagnetic phenomena summarized in table 2 are not i
38、ntended to represent performance standards or equipment toler- ances. Suppliers of electricity may utilize different thresholds for voltage supply, for example, than the 10% that denes conditions of overvoltage or undervoltage in table 2. Further, sensitive equipment may mal- function due to electro
39、magnetic phenomena not outside the thresholds of the table 2 criteria. IEEE Std 1159-1995IEEE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR 2 1.2 Purpose The purpose of this recommended practice is to direct users in the proper monitoring and data interpretation of electromagnetic phenomena that cause power quality prob
40、lems. It denes power quality phenomena in order to facilitate communication within the power quality community. This document also forms the con- sensus opinion about safe and acceptable methods for monitoring electric power systems and interpreting the results. It further offers a tutorial on power
41、 system disturbances and their common causes. 2. References This recommended practice shall be used in conjunction with the following publications. When the follow- ing standards are superseded by an approved revision, the revision shall apply. IEC 1000-2-1 (1990), Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC
42、)Part 2 Environment. Section 1: Description of the environmentelectromagnetic environment for low-frequency conducted disturbances and signaling in public power supply systems. 1 IEC 50(161)(1990), International Electrotechnical VocabularyChapter 161: Electromagnetic Compatibility. IEEE Std 100-1992
43、, IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic Terms (ANSI). 2 IEEE Std 1100-1992, IEEE Recommended Practice for Powering and Grounding Sensitive Electronic Equipment (Emerald Book) (ANSI). 3. Denitions The purpose of this clause is to present concise denitions of words that convey the basi
44、c concepts of power quality monitoring. These terms are listed below and are expanded in clause 4. The power quality commu- nity is also pervaded by terms that have no scientic denition. A partial listing of these words is included in 3.2; use of these terms in the power quality community is discour
45、aged. Abbreviations and acronyms that are employed throughout this recommended practice are listed in 3.3. 3.1 Terms used in this recommended practice The primary sources for terms used are IEEE Std 100-1992 3 indicated by ( a ), and IEC 50 (161)(1990) indi- cated by ( b ). Secondary sources are IEE
46、E Std 1100-1992 indicated by ( c ), IEC-1000-2-1 (1990) indicated by ( d ) and UIE -DWG-3-92-G B16 4 . Some referenced denitions have been adapted and modied in order to apply to the context of this recommended practice. 3.1.1 accuracy: The freedom from error of a measurement. Generally expressed (p
47、erhaps erroneously) as percent inaccuracy. Instrument accuracy is expressed in terms of its uncertaintythe degree of deviation from a known value. An instrument with an uncertainty of 0.1% is 99.9% accurate. At higher accuracy lev- els, uncertainty is typically expressed in parts per million (ppm) r
48、ather than as a percentage. 1 IEC publications are available from IEC Sales Department, Case Postale 131, 3, rue de Varemb, CH-1211, Genve 20, Switzerland/ Suisse. IEC publications are also available in the United States from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd
49、Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA. 2 IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA. 3 Information on references can be found in clause 2. 4 The numbers in brackets correspond to those bibliographical items listed in annex B. IEEE MONITORING ELECTRIC POWER QUALITYStd 1159-1995 3 3.1.2 accuracy ratio: The ratio of an instruments tolerable error to the uncertainty of the standard used to calibrate it. 3.1.3 calibration: Any process
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