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1、IEEE Std 1394.1-2004 1394.1 TM IEEE Standard for High Performance Serial Bus Bridges 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA IEEE Computer Society Sponsored by the Microprocessor and Microcomputer Standards Committee 1 July 2005 Print: SH95311 PDF: SS95311 IEEE Std 1394.1-2004 IEEE Standard for
2、High Performance Serial Bus Bridges Sponsor Microprocessor and Microcomputer Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society Approved 12 April 2005 Amerincan National Standards Institute Approved 8 December 2004 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: The model, definition, and behaviors of High Performa
3、nce Serial Bus bridges, which are devices that can be used to interconnect two separately enumerable buses, are specified. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2005 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
4、Inc. All rights reserved. Published 1 July 2005. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance
5、Center. NOTEAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the exist- ence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE
6、 shall not be responsible for identifying patents for which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal valid- ity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. iii Introduction January 15 through 1
7、6, 1996, in Dallas, Texas, Gerald Marazas convened a study group authorized by the IEEE Microprocessor Standards Committee (MSC). The study group was chartered to investigate the industry desire for and the feasibility of enhancements to recently approved IEEE Std 1394 -1995; enhancements that would
8、 enable the geographic scope of a single Serial Bus to be extended to an interconnected net of multiple buses. Although the informative overview in IEEE Std 1394-1995 describes the use of bus bridges to connect up to 1023 Serial Buses into a single net, the standard is scant on normative details as
9、to how bus bridges might operate. The study group continued meeting through May 1996, during which time it considered presentations on possible designs for Serial Bus bridges and discussed the Scope and Purpose of a Project Authorization Request (PAR) to be submitted to the IEEE Standards Associatio
10、n. The basic objectives were agreed at the second study group meeting; drafting the PAR was delegated to a small group that completed its work and obtained study group ratification of the PAR in time to submit it to the IEEE-SA for consideration at its June meeting. The IEEE-SA authorized the projec
11、t, IEEE P1394.1, High Performance Serial Bus Bridges, on June 20, 1996. The IEEE P1394.1 working group held its first official meeting in July 1996, in San Jose, CA. At this meeting, Richard Scheel was elected Chair of the working group. Scheel shepherded the working groups deliberations until July
12、2000, when the focus of his work activity at Sony shifted away from IEEE 1394. During Scheels tenure as Chair, the working group engaged in vigorous debate on topics central to Serial Bus bridges: Self-organizing behavior of bridge portals when net topology changes, which necessitates updates to eac
13、h portals routing information. Distribution and synchronization of CYCLE_TIME. cycle_offset from a single cycle master (dubbed the net cycle master) to all buses within the net. Knowledge of application-dependent isochronous data formats, such as those specified by the IEC 61883 family of standards,
14、 so that bridge portals can modify timestamps embedded in the data. Relatively stable 16-bit node IDs (dubbed global node IDs) used to reference remote nodes. Detection and elimination of routing loops introduced into the net topology by user actions. Connection management for isochronous streams. M
15、inimum capabilities for “bridge-aware” devices that communicate with other, remote devices. Limited support for legacy devices that are not “bridge-aware.” Congestion management strategies, i.e. , the persistence of bridge portals in attempts to forward request and response subactions to the next br
16、idge portal. Assignment of unique bus IDs to distinct Serial Buses within the net. Device discovery protocols, both for local devices on the same bus and for remote devices connected to other parts of the net. Net management messages for inter-portal communication and, in some cases, communication b
17、etween “bridge-aware” devices and bridge portals. In April 2000, at the 1394 Trade Association meeting in Brussels, Dr. Judi Romijn of the Technische Universiteit Eindhoven in the Netherlands made a presentation on the use of formal methods in the discovery of a flaw in the IEEE 1394 PHY state machi
18、nes that govern bus configuration. This was a fortuitous circumstance, since key members of the IEEE P1394.1 working group were present and engaged her in conversation about the possible application of formal methods to IEEE P1394.1. There was mutual interest, and since then Judi Romijn has been an
19、active and invaluable contributorparticularly with respect to formal proof that the self-organizing behavior of bridge portals (net update) terminates in a consistent state. This introduction is not a part of IEEE Std 1394.1-2004, IEEE Standard for High Performance Serial Bus Bridges. iv Copyright 2
20、005 IEEE. All rights reserved. Later that summer, at the July 2000 meeting, the working group elected Peter Johansson as Chair. One of the first orders of business was to take stock of the draft standard and determine what, if any, incomplete areas existed that required substantial “invention” befor
21、e the draft could proceed to Sponsor Ballot. Consensus resulted that although significant effort remained to document the working groups agreements, none of the unresolved issues were major. The working group anticipated a schedule that would yield a functionally complete and reviewed draft standard
22、 by the end of 2000, with Sponsor Ballot to follow in the first quarter of 2001. Work proceeded apace on the draft and by the end of March 2001, the penultimate draft before Sponsor Ballot was published for final review by the working group. A modest number of changes were made in the final draft, p
23、ublished in June, and Sponsor Ballot commenced the same month. After collation of more than 500 ballot comments (the substance and volume of which revealed as overly optimistic the earlier working group consensus with respect to “no major issues”) and formation of the Ballot Response Committee (BRC)
24、, the Editor spent several months resolving the less controversial editorial and technical comments before publishing an interim draft in December 2001. The BRC held its first meeting in San Jose at the beginning of December 2001, and continued to meet the subsequent year until agreement in principl
25、e on the resolution of all comments was achieved in October 2002. Because of a change in management support, as well as commitment to other projects, the Editor was unable to publish a candidate draft for Recirculation Ballot until November 2003. The BRC met in early December for final review and co
26、rrections to the draft before a Recirculation Ballot was initiated in March 2004. Notice to users Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for
27、errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/index.html. Patent notice Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent ri
28、ghts. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying all patents for which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into t
29、he legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. A patent holder has filed a statement of assurance that it will grant a license under these rights without compensation or under reasonable rates and nondiscriminatory, reasonable terms and conditions to all applicants de
30、siring to obtain such licenses. The IEEE makes no representation as to the reasonableness of rates and/or terms and conditions of the license agreements offered by patent holders. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Department. Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. v Part
31、icipants The following is a list of active participants in the IEEE P1394.1 working group (those who attended three or more meetings from inception to the time of publication): Peter Johansson, Chair and Editor David Hunter, Secretary The following members of the individual balloting committee voted
32、 on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. The following people served on the ballot response committee: Peter Johansson, Chair Jean-Paul Accarie Masa Akahane Subrata Bannerjee Steven Bard Philippe Boucachard Mohamed Braneci Richard Churchill Beth Cooper Ch
33、ris Dorsey Firooz Farhoomand Steve Finch Laurent Frouin John Fuller Eric Hannah Jerry Hauck Dieter Haupt Hisaki Hiraiwa Daisuke Hiraoka Du Hung Hou David James Mark Knecht David LaFollette Yvon Legallais Jun-ichi Matsuda Daniel Meirsman Neil Morrow Atsushi Nakamura Yoshikatsu Niwa Fritz Nordby Takay
34、uki Nyu Ozay Oktay Tomoki Saito Takashi Sato Tetsuya Sato Bradley Saunders Yoshi Sawada Richard Scheel Hisato Shima Michael Smith David Smith Carlton Sparrell Gilles Straub Thomas Thaler Kazonobu Toguchi Satoru Toguchi Masatoshi Ueno Colin Whitby-Strevens Calto Wong David Wooten Patrick Yu Dave Zala
35、timo Frank Zhao Jean-Paul Accarie Stelios Akalestos Eric Anderson Larry Arnett Terry Arnold Mohamed Braneci Keith Chow Elizabeth Cooper Guru Dutt Dhingra Georg Dickmann Sourav Dutta Roger D. Edwards Firooz Farhoomand Michael Fischer Gordon Force Sr Laurent Frouin John Fuller Straub Gilles Dieter Hau
36、pt Neil Horman David Hunter David James Peter Johansson Mark Knecht Robert Mortonson Chuck Rice Gary Robinson Bivabasu Sarkar Takashi Sato Bradley Saunders Thomas Schaal Richard Scheel Akihiro Shimura Michael Teener Thomas Thaler David Thompson Kazunobu Toguchi Robert Tripi Colin Whitby-Strevens Dav
37、id Wooten Paul Work Don Wright Patrick Yu Oren Yuen Janusz Zalewski Mohamed Braneci Georg Dickmann John Fuller David Hunter Judi Romijn Takashi Sato Gilles Straub Eldad Teeni Thomas Thaler Kazunobu Toguchi Colin Whitby-Strevens David Wooten vi Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. This standard
38、was approved by the IEEE-SA Standards Board on 8 December 2004 with the following membership: Don Wright, Chair Steve M. Mills, Vice Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Rich
39、ard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Alan Cookson, NIST Representative Michelle Turner IEEE Standards Project Editor Chuck Adams Stephen Berger Mark D. Bowman Joseph A. Bruder Bob Davis Roberto de Marca Boisson Julian Forster* Arnold M. Greenspan Mark S. Halpin Raymond Hapeman Richard J. Holleman Richar
40、d H. Hulett Lowell G. Johnson Joseph L. Koepfinger* Hermann Koch Thomas J. McGean Daleep C. Mohla Paul Nikolich T. W. Olsen Ronald C. Petersen Gary S. Robinson Frank Stone Malcolm V. Thaden Doug Topping Joe D. Watson Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. vii Contents 1. Overview1 1.1 Scope1 1.2
41、Purpose.1 2. Normative references .3 3. Definitions and notation.5 3.1 Conformance 5 3.2 Technical.5 3.3 Document notation9 4. Bridge model (informative)15 4.1 Global node IDs16 4.2 Remote time-out .17 4.3 Clan affinity and net update18 4.4 Cycle time distribution and synchronization.20 4.5 Universa
42、l time.22 4.6 Stream connection management .24 5. Bridge portal and bridge-aware node facilities.31 5.1 Configuration ROM31 5.2 Control and status registers.33 6. Packet formats41 6.1 Self-ID packet zero.41 6.2 Cycle master adjustment packet41 6.3 Response packet .42 6.4 Global asynchronous stream p
43、ackets (GASP).44 6.5 Net management message interception.45 6.6 Net management messages .46 6.7 UPDATE ROUTES message 55 7. Transaction routing and operations 57 7.1 Source bus (initial entry portal) 57 7.2 Intermediate buses58 7.3 Destination bus (terminal exit portal) .60 7.4 Maximum forward time6
44、1 7.5 Congestion management.62 8. Stream operations and routing65 8.1 Cycle timer synchronization.65 8.2 Net time68 8.3 GASP routing and operations69 8.4 Listening portal operations (isochronous streams)70 8.5 Talking portal operations (isochronous streams).70 8.6 Isochronous stream connection manag
45、ement70 viii Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. 8.7 Common Isochronous Packet (CIP) format headers .86 9. Operations in a bridged environment .89 9.1 CSR architecture assumptions 89 9.2 Bridge-aware devices89 9.3 Legacy devices .91 9.4 TIMEOUT message operations.91 9.5 Modifications to the BU
46、S_TIME and CYCLE_TIME registers .93 9.6 Remote access to core and bus-dependent CSRs93 10. Net update95 10.1 Power reset initialization 95 10.2 Bus reset operations95 10.3 Coherency during net update101 10.4 Mute bridge portals.102 10.5 Route map updates103 10.6 Net panic.107 11. Global node ID mana
47、gement109 11.1 Virtual ID management.109 11.2 Bus ID management111 Annex A (normative) Net correctness properties .115 Annex B (normative) Minimum Serial Bus capabilities for bridge portals117 Annex C (normative) Pseudocode data structures and constants .119 Annex D (normative) Transaction routing12
48、7 Annex E (nomative) Discovery and enumeration protocol (DEP).135 Annex F (normative) Plug control registers143 Annex G (informative) Bus topology analysis.149 Annex H (informative) Sample configuration ROM159 Annex I (informative) Bibliography.161 Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. 1 IEEE St
49、andard for High Performance Serial Bus Bridges 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This is a full-use standard whose scope is to extend the already defined asynchronous and isochronous services of High Performance Serial Bus beyond the local bus by means of a device, the bridge, which consists of two nodes, each connected to a separate bus and both interconnected by implementation-dependent means. The project is intended to standardize the model, definition, and behaviors of High Performance
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