IEEE-1538-2000-R2005.pdf
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1、The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2000 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 21 July 2000. Printed in the United States of America. Print: ISBN 0-7381-1968-7 SH9482
2、6 PDF: ISBN 0-7381-1969-5 SS94826 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. IEEE Std 1538-2000 (R2005) IEEE Guide for Determination of Maximum Winding Temperature Rise in Liquid-Fi
3、lled Transformers Sponsor Transformers Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved 21 June 2000 Reaffirmed 6 December 2005 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: Provides guidance for determining the hottest-spot temperature in distribution and power transformers built in accordance with IEE
4、E Std C57.12.00-2000. Describes the important criteria to be evaluated by an thermal model that can accurately predict the hottest-spot temperatures in a transformer. Provides guidance for performing temperature-rise tests with direct measurement of the hottest-spot temperatures, and explains the im
5、portance of developing an accurate thermal mod- el to properly locate the temperature sensors. Keywords: distribution transformer, hottest-spot temperature, power transformers. temperature- rise test, thermal model IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Co
6、ordinat- ing Committees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and without compensation. They are not necessarily members of the Institute. The standards developed within IEEE represent a consensus of the broad expertise on the subjec
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8、re, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE Standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to change brought about through developments in the state of the art and comments received from users of
9、the standard. Every IEEE Standard is sub- jected to review at least every fi ve years for revision or reaffi rmation. When a document is more than fi ve years old and has not been reaffi rmed, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly refl ect the pr
10、esent state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE Standard. Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affi liation with IEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in
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14、dards Board 445 Hoes Lane P.O. Box 1331 Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331 USA IEEE is the sole entity that may authorize the use of certifi cation marks, trademarks, or other desig- nations to indicate compliance with the materials set forth herein. Authorization to photocopy portions of any individual stan
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16、ve, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; Note: Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection
17、therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents for which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. -,-,- Copyright 2000 IEEE. All rights reserved. iii Introducti
18、on (This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1538-2000, IEEE Guide for Determination of Maximum Winding Temperature Rise in Liquid-Filled Transformers.) It is required by IEEE Std C57.12.00-1993 that the hottest-spot temperature rise not exceed 80 C. The hottest-spot temperature rise at rated load
19、is a necessary parameter for determining the loading capability of all transformers. Since there was no approved test or calculation method to demonstrate compliance with the IEEE standard, an IEEE Working Group on Hottest-Spot Temperature Rise Determination in Liquid-Filled Transformers was formed
20、to develop this guide. This guide provides information to determine the maximum (hottest-spot) temperature rise by calculation and testing. Modern computer technology permits calculation of hottest-spot temperature. Most manufactur- ers use computers for their design calculations, and it is reasonab
21、le to incorporate a thermal subroutine into the programs that would calculate hottest-spot temperature rises. Current personal computers have capabili- ties that were present only in mainframe computers decades ago. Fiber-optic temperature sensors now per- mit direct measurement of the temperature o
22、f a specifi c point. By prior analysis of the winding, the sensor can be placed to read the maximum winding temperature. For distribution transformers, thermal testing may be conducted using embedded thermocouples. This guide applies to liquid-fi lled power, network, and distribution transformers ma
23、nufactured in accordance with IEEE Std C57.12.00-1993. Although thermal gradients may be low in properly designed small (1025 kVA) distribution transformers, the thermal gradients may not be low in the wide range of transformers classifi ed as distribution transformers, which may extend in range to
24、5000 kVA. IEEE standards documents are classifi ed as a) Standards: documents with mandatory requirements. b) Recommended practices: documents in which procedures and positions preferred by the IEEE are presented. c) Guides: documents in which alternative approaches to good practice are suggested bu
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