IEEE-754-2008.pdf
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1、IEEE Std 754-2008 (Revision of IEEE Std 754-1985) IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA 29 August 2008 IEEE Computer Society Sponsored by the Microprocessor Standards Committee 754 TM Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer
2、s, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 10/26/2008 02:01:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under
3、license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 10/26/2008 02:01:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE Std 754-2008 (Revision of IEEE Std 754-1985) IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic Sponsor Microprocessor Stand
4、ards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society Approved 12 June 2008 IEEE-SA Standards Board Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 10/26/2008 02:01:00 MDTNo reproduc
5、tion or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Abstract: This standard specifies interchange and arithmetic formats and methods for binary and decimal floating-point arithmetic in computer programming environments. This standard specifies exception conditions and their default handling.
6、 An implementation of a floating-point system conforming to this standard may be realized entirely in software, entirely in hardware, or in any combination of software and hardware. For operations specified in the normative part of this standard, numerical results and exceptions are uniquely determi
7、ned by the values of the input data, sequence of operations, and destination formats, all under user control. Keywords: arithmetic, binary, computer, decimal, exponent, floating-point, format, interchange, NaN, number, rounding, significand, subnormal The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engi
8、neers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2008 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 29 August 2008. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission
9、to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS
10、Not for Resale, 10/26/2008 02:01:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 754-2008, IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic. This standard is a product of the Floating-Point Working Group of, and sponsored
11、 by, the Microprocessor Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society. This standard provides a discipline for performing floating-point computation that yields results independent of whether the processing is done in hardware, software, or a combination of the two. For operations specified in th
12、e normative part of this standard, numerical results and exceptions are uniquely determined by the values of the input data, the operation, and the destination, all under user control. This standard defines a family of commercially feasible ways for systems to perform binary and decimal floating-poi
13、nt arithmetic. Among the desiderata that guided the formulation of this standard were: a)Facilitate movement of existing programs from diverse computers to those that adhere to this standard as well as among those that adhere to this standard. b)Enhance the capabilities and safety available to users
14、 and programmers who, although not expert in numerical methods, might well be attempting to produce numerically sophisticated programs. c)Encourage experts to develop and distribute robust and efficient numerical programs that are portable, by way of minor editing and recompilation, onto any compute
15、r that conforms to this standard and possesses adequate capacity. Together with language controls it should be possible to write programs that produce identical results on all conforming systems. d)Provide direct support for execution-time diagnosis of anomalies smoother handling of exceptions inter
16、val arithmetic at a reasonable cost. e)Provide for development of standard elementary functions such as exp and cos high precision (multiword) arithmetic coupled numerical and symbolic algebraic computation. f)Enable rather than preclude further refinements and extensions. In programming environment
17、s, this standard is also intended to form the basis for a dialog between the numerical community and programming language designers. It is hoped that language-defined methods for the control of expression evaluation and exceptions might be defined in coming years, so that it will be possible to writ
18、e programs that produce identical results on all conforming systems. However, it is recognized that utility and safety in languages are sometimes antagonists, as are efficiency and portability. Therefore, it is hoped that language designers will look on the full set of operation, precision, and exce
19、ption controls described here as a guide to providing the programmer with the ability to portably control expressions and exceptions. It is also hoped that designers will be guided by this standard to provide extensions in a completely portable way. iv Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Copyr
20、ight The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 10/26/2008 02:01:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Notice to users Laws and regulation
21、s Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory req
22、uirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and p
23、rivate uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not w
24、aive any rights in copyright to this document. Updating of IEEE documents Users of IEEE standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An offic
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