IEEE-81.2-1991.pdf
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1、 IEEE Std 81.2-1991 IEEE Guide for Measurement of Impedance and Safety Characteristics of Large, Extended or Interconnected Grounding Systems Sponsor Power System Instrumentationand Measurements Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved December 5, 1991 IEEE Standards Board Abstract:
2、Practical instrumentation methods are presented for measuring the ac characteristics of large, extended or interconnected grounding systems. Measurements of impedance to remote earth, step and touch potentials, and current distributions are covered for grounding systems ranging in complexity from sm
3、all grids (less than 900 m 2 ), with only a few connected overhead or direct burial bare concentric (2) neutrals, to large grids (greater than 20 000 m 2 ), with many connected neutrals, overhead ground wires (sky wires), counterpoises, grid tie conductors, cable shields, and metallic pipes. This st
4、andard addresses measurement safety; earth-return mutual errors; low-current measurements; power-system staged faults; communication and control cable transfer impedance; current distribution (current splits) in the grounding system; step, touch, mesh, and profile measurements; the foot-equivalent e
5、lectrode earth resistance; and instrumentation characteristics and limitations. Keywords: Grounding systems, impedance, safety The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USA Copyright 1992 by the The Institute of Electrical and Electron
6、ics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 1992 Printed in the United States of America ISBN 1-55937-187-0 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or other wise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Copyright The Institut
7、e of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:45:23 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE Standards documents are developed within the Techni
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18、king permitted without license from IHS -,-,- iii Foreword (This foreword is not a part of IEEE Std 81.2-1991, IEEE Guide for Measurement of Impedance and Safety Characteristics of Large, Extended or Interconnected Grounding Systems.) During the late 1970s, in an effort to increase its usefulness, t
19、his guide was divided into two parts. The rst part is entitled IEEE Std 81-1983, IEEE Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance, and Earth Surface Potentials of a Ground System. It covers the majority of eld measurements that do not require special high-precision equipment and measurin
20、g, and that do not encounter unusual difculties such as may be found with extensive grounding systems, abnormally high stray ac or dc currents, etc. IEEE Std 81 (Part I) has been extensively revised and updated. Part I was approved in 1983 and reafrmed in 1991. This part of the guide (Part II) is en
21、titled IEEE Std 81.2- 1991, IEEE Guide for Measurement of Impedance and Safety Characteristics of Large, Extended or Interconnected Grounding Systems. This new part covers measurement of very low values of ground impedance (less than 1 W ). The extensive use of specialized instrumentation, measuring
22、 techniques, and safety aspects are incorporated. This guide was prepared by the Measurement of Impedance and Safety Characteristics of Large, Extended or Interconnected Grounding Systems Working Group of the RLC Measurements Subcommittee of the Power Systems Instrumentation and Measurements Committ
23、ee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society. At the time that this standard was completed, the working group had the following membership: D. Mukhedkar , Chair J. White , Secretary E. Rogers, Technical Editor G. Y. R. Allen M. J. Anna E. P. Dick J. Fortin W. Hardy P. Kouteynikoff J. F. Laidig R. Malews
24、ki A. Pessonen R H. Reynolds H. Sarmiento A. N. Sharaf E. Smithson L. Thione W. Velazquez At the time that it balloted and approved this standard for submission to the IEEE Standards Board, the Power Systems Instrumentation and Measurements Committee had the following membership: A. Abramowitz J. An
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