IEEE-C57.120-1991-R2000.pdf
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1、O O a IEEE C57.320 73 4805702 0504373 7T0 Recognized as an American National Standard (ANSI) IEEE S t d C57.120-1991 IEEE Loss Evaluation Guide for Power Transformers and Reactors IEEE Power Engineering Society Sponsored by the Transformers Committee Published b y the Institute of Electrical and Eec
2、ronics Engineers, Inc., 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 1001Z USA. August 72, 1992 SH15511 IEEE IEEE C57.120 91 = 4805702 0504392 b37 Recognized as an American National Standard (ANSI) IEEE Std C57.120-1991 IEEE Loss Evaluation Guide for Power Transformers and Reactors Sponsor Transformers Commit
3、tee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved September 16,1991 IEEE Standards Board Approved February 28,1992 American National Standards Institute Abstract: A method for establishing the dollar value of the electric power needed to supply the losses of a transformer or reactor is provided. Us
4、ers can use this loss evaluation to determine the relative economic benefit of a high-first-cost, low-loss unit versus one with a lower first cost and higher losses, and to compare the offerings of two or more manufacturers to aid in making the best purchase choice. Manufacturers can use the evaluat
5、ion to optimize the design and provide the most economical unit to bid and manufacture. The various types of losses are reviewed. Keywords: economic, loss evaluation, reactors, transformers I The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, U
6、SA Copyright Q 1992 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 1992 P r i n t e d in the United States of America ISBN 1-65937-245-1 No part of this publication may be reprduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without th
7、e prior written permission of the publisher. -,-,- I E E E C57.120 91 4805702 0504393 573 IEEE Standards documents are developed within the Technical Committees of the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily an
8、d without compensation. They are not necessar- ily members of the Institute. The standards developed within IEEE represent a consensus of the broad expertise on the subject within the Institute as well as those activities outside of IEEE that have expressed an interest in participating in the develo
9、pment of the standard. Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE Standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint exp
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12、evision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affiliation with IEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a pro- posed change of text, together with appropriate supporting comments. Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise
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16、 without regard to whether their adoption may involve patents on articles, materials, or processes. Such adop- tion does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the standards documents. -,-,- IEEE C57-120 91 = 4805702 0504394 40T m
17、 Foreworc (This foreword i s not a part of IEEE Std C67.120-1991, IEEE Loss Evaluation Guide for Power Transformers and Reactors.) The users of power transformers and reactors have become more concerned about the value of losses as the cost of energy and of installing generating capacity has increas
18、ed. The evaluation of losses has become a very significant part of the purchase decision for some users. This guide has been written to provide a method of establishing loss evaluation factors for transformers or reactors. With loss evaluation factors, the economic benefit of a high- first-cost, low
19、-loss unit can be compared with a unit with a lower first cost and higher losses. This enables a user to compare the offerings of two or more manufacturers to aid in making the best purchase choice among competing transformers or reactors. Loss evalua- tion also provides information to establish the
20、 optimum time to retire or replace existing units with modern low-loss transformers or reactors. This guide was prepared by the Transformer Loss Evaluation Working Group of the IEEE West Coast Transformer Subcommittee, The following Working Group members participated in the development of the guide:
21、 Roger Jacobsen, Chair Ray Allustiarti I. Stephen Be and load losses, which vary with the transformers loading. In addition, auxiliary power is required by fans, pumps, heaters, and other ancillary equipment. This auxiliary power is not necessarily il -,-,- IEEE Std C57.120-1991 IEEE C57.120 91 = 48
22、05702 0504403 242 IEEE LOSS EVALUATION GUIDE FOR dependent upon the load. All losses and auxiliary power requirements, as discussed in this guide, are expressed in kilowatts. 5.2 Reactors 52.1 Shunt Reactors. A shunt reactor acts as a constant load at a given voltage. Its total loss cost evaluation
23、(even though consisting mainly of PR losses) is calculated using only the no load loss formula in 6.2.1 (Eq 7). Its losses increase as the impressed voltage increases. 5.2.2 Series Reactors. A series reactor experiences a varying load. Because it does not have a no-load loss, its total power loss co
24、st evaluation is calculated using only the loud loss formula in 6.2.2 (Eq 8). 5 . 3 No-Load (Excitation) Losses (NLL). Those losses that are incident to the excitation of the transformer. No-load (excitation) losses include dielectric loss, conductor loss in the winding due to exciting current, cond
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