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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 6785:1986 Code of practice for Solar heating systems for swimming pools UDC 697.329:725.74 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Dec 05 06:18:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6785:1986 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of th
2、e Refrigeration, Heating and Air Conditioning Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 30 September 1986 BSI 12-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference RHE/25 Draft for comment 85/78313 DC I
3、SBN 0 580 15378 9 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Refrigeration, Heating and Air Conditioning Standards Committee (RHE/-) to Technical Committee RHE/25 upon which the following bodies were represented: British Gas Corpora
4、tion British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd. Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Consumer Standards Advisory Committee of BSI Consumers Association Copper Development Association Cranfield Institute of Technology Department of the Environment Department of the Environment (Building
5、 Research Establishment) Design Council Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association Flat Glass Manufacturers Association Institute of Plumbing Institution of Gas Engineers International Solar Energy Society National Centre for Alternative Technology Royal Institute of British Architects So
6、lar Trade Association Swimming Pool and Allied Trades Association Ltd. University College Cardiff The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: British Plastics Federation University of Exeter Amendments issued since publication Amd. No
7、.Date of issueComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Dec 05 06:18:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6785:1986 BSI 12-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2Definitions1 3Relevant statutory requirements2 4Components2 5System d
8、esign5 6Thermal performance11 7Electrical considerations15 8Installation15 9Commissioning, handover and documentation16 Appendix A Details of model system referred to in clause 6 for thermal performance19 Figure 1 Direct circulation with separate pump integrated with filtration circuit8 Figure 2 Dir
9、ect circulation with flow diversion by 3-port valve9 Figure 3 Typical indirect drainback circuit10 Figure 4 Average energy output from collectors for a typical year11 Figure 5 Average energy output from collectors for the period May to September inclusive12 Figure 6 Average energy output from collec
10、tors for July14 Figure 7 Average energy output from collectors for May, June, July, August and September21 Figure 8 Average energy output from collectors for October, November, December, January, February, March and April22 Table 1 Relevant British Standards3 Table 2 Typical values of 0 and U for di
11、fferent types of collector19 Publications referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Dec 05 06:18:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6785:1986 ii BSI 12-1999 Foreword This British Standard code of practice, prepared under the direction of the Refrigera
12、tion, Heating and Air Conditioning Standards Committee, gives recommendations for the use of solar energy for heating swimming pools. Because swimming pools do not need to be heated to a high temperature, but nevertheless need a great deal of energy, they are a particularly suitable application for
13、solar heating. The relatively low temperature requirements allow collectors (often simple unglazed types) to operate at high collection efficiencies. In addition the swimming pool itself provides a heat store reservoir while the pool filtration system offers a means of circulating the pool water thr
14、ough the solar collector circuit for a minimum extra cost. This code is intended to assist the swimming pool industry and building services engineers to provide well constructed and durable equipment for swimming pool heating. Reference is also made to the use of pool covers. Emphasis is on general
15、principles but guidance is given on the method of operation and expected performance of solar heating systems; this should be furnished to customers, by way of preliminary information, in the interests of consumer protection and to help ensure satisfactory system service. The code provides a basis f
16、or estimating performance to be expected of a swimming pool solar heating system used in typical situations in the United Kingdom. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Comp
17、liance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 22, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may h
18、ave had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Dec 05 06:18:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6785:1986 BSI 12-19991 1 Scope This British Standard code gives recommendations and
19、guidance for the design, performance, installation and commissioning of solar heating systems for indoor and outdoor swimming pools. Brief consideration is given to the thermal properties of pool covers. The code does not deal with the filtration systems for swimming pools to which solar heating sys
20、tems are often connected. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this code the following definitions apply. 2.1 collector (solar collector, solar panel) the general term for a device in which solar radiat
21、ion is absorbed and converted to heat which is removed by the heat transfer fluid 2.2 flat plate collector a collector that employs no concentration of the incident solar radiation and in which the absorber plate is essentially planar 2.3 embedded collector a collector in which the fluid passages ar
22、e embedded either in the ground or within a covering such as paving slabs, asphalt or concrete 2.4 trickle collector a flat plate collector in which the heat transfer fluid is not contained within passageways in the absorber plate but flows down the plate surface 2.5 absorber plate (absorber) the el
23、ement of a collector that receives and absorbs the solar radiation and converts it into heat 2.6 absorber plate surface coating a coating whose principal function is to absorb solar radiation 2.7 selective surface an absorber plate surface coating that will decrease the radiative emission from the a
24、bsorber plate whilst maintaining a high absorptance for solar radiation 2.8 unglazed collector a collector with the front surface of the absorber plate exposed to the surrounding air. The rear surface may or may not be insulated 2.9 glazed collector a collector with an absorber plate covered by a tr
25、anslucent glazing material. The rear of the absorber plate will normally be insulated within a weatherproof envelope 2.10 direct system a system in which the pool water passes through the solar collectors 2.11 indirect system a system in which a fluid other than the swimming pool water passes throug
26、h the solar collectors 2.12 integrated circuit a system in which the solar collectors form part of the same pipework circuit as the pool filtration plant 2.13 separate circuit a system in which the solar heating circuit is completely separated from the pool filtration circuit 2.14 drainback system a
27、 system in which as part of the normal working cycle the collector is automatically drained and refilled 2.15 draindown system a system within which heat transfer fluid is retained until manual draining takes place 2.16 differential temperature controller a device that is able to detect a small temp
28、erature difference and control pumps and other electrical devices in accordance with this temperature difference 2.17 pool inlet the point at which water from the filtration circuit is returned to the pool, generally by means of an inlet nozzle Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Dec 05
29、06:18:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6785:1986 2 BSI 12-1999 2.18 pool outlets the points at which water is drawn from the pool to be filtered, generally from a sump outlet at the lowest point in the pool and from a skimmer outlet at the pool surface 3 Relevant statutory requiremen
30、ts 3.1 General There are statutory requirements that have to be observed before the installation of any swimming pool. This clause refers to the statutory requirements applying particularly to a solar heating system for a swimming pool. As these requirements may vary slightly between different parts
31、 of the UK, the relevant local authority should always be consulted regarding planning and building regulations and, likewise, the local water undertaking regarding water supply requirements. 3.2 Planning As a general rule, permission has to be obtained from the local planning authority before carry
32、ing out any development. Consequently, it should be ascertained from the local planning authority as to whether or not the proposed installation constitutes development. 3.3 Building regulations General regulations have been enacted concerning the design and construction of buildings in the UK. Sola
33、r heating systems incorporated into buildings have to comply with these regulations in so far as they affect matters of construction, roof loading, weathertightness, fire resistance, insulation, etc. Advice on some of these matters is given elsewhere in this code. However, responsibility for the app
34、lication of the regulations in a particular area rests with the local authority, which may require plans to be deposited, showing how it is proposed to comply with the regulations. 3.4 Water supply Water supply byelaws for preventing waste, undue consumption, misuse or contamination of water supplie
35、s have been made by the Water Authorities and Companies in England and Wales, and by the Regional and Island Councils in Scotland. These byelaws require that written notice (7 days in England and Wales, 10 days in Scotland) is given to the local water undertaking before installing or altering (excep
36、t for repair or replacement) any water fitting used or to be used in connection with an existing supply of water from the undertaking. (Similar requirements exist under the Water Regulations (NI) which have been issued by the Department of the Environment, Northern Ireland.) It should be noted that
37、whilst the various sets of byelaws are identical except for a few minor respects, the interpretation and enforcement of byelaws rests with the particular water undertaking concerned. Bearing this in mind, it is considered that to attempt to give meaningful detailed guidance on the application of wat
38、er byelaws in this code could be misleading. However, it can be assumed that where a solar heating system is to be used to heat water for domestic use, as well as to heat swimming pool water, then the recommendations contained in BS 5918 should be taken into account. The application of the water bye
39、laws will depend on for example, whether the solar heating system (for pool water only) is direct or indirect, whether the heat transfer fluid is pool water, potable water or a non-aqueous fluid and how the make up water to the pool and/or solar heating system is supplied. It is therefore recommende
40、d that early contact is made with the local water undertaking to discuss the proposed installation and to seek advice. 3.5 Other actions In addition to complying with the legal requirements detailed in this clause, it is recommended that the occupier/owner informs the lessors, mortgagors, insurers,
41、etc. of the property as applicable. 4 Components 4.1 General This clause describes the principal components used in solar heating systems for swimming pools. Although there are no other British Standards dealing specifically with components for swimming pools, certain sections of other British Stand
42、ards may be relevant and these should be taken into account. Some British Standards which may be relevant are listed in Table 1. 4.2 Collectors 4.2.1 Types of collector. Solar collectors intended for swimming pool applications are commonly of the flat plate variety but they may or may not be glazed
43、and insulated. Embedded and trickle collectors may be used. Collectors are designed so that a heat transfer fluid, often the swimming pool water itself, can pass through the collector in close thermal contact with a matt black or similar heat absorbing surface. When the material used between the flu
44、id passages is a good conductor of heat, e.g. copper, the fluid passages can be spaced apart. When a poorer heat conductor is used, it is important to bring the fluid passages closer together. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Dec 05 06:18:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
45、BS 6785:1986 BSI 12-19993 Table 1 Relevant British Standards 4.2.2 Selection of collector type. Solar collectors used for pool heating can be installed without glazing or a similar translucent cover in front of the absorber if they operate close to the ambient temperature. Glazing reduces the radiat
46、ion incident on the absorber and this effect may outweigh the reduction in heat loss from the front of the collector. Similarly rear insulation may marginally improve the performance but the benefit may be too small to warrant the additional cost. Unglazed and uninsulated collectors preferably shoul
47、d be mounted in a position that is sheltered from strong prevailing winds. If such a site is not available consideration should be given to the use of glazed and insulated collectors. In the case of pools maintained at temperatures appreciably above the ambient temperature the incorporation of front
48、 glazing gives better thermal performance for the same collector area, but the improvement may not justify the extra cost involved. The use of double glazing on the absorber is not likely to be worthwhile. In indirect systems the use of glazed and insulated collectors may be appropriate because of t
49、he temperature differential across the heat exchanger. For the same reason the use of a selective surface may be advantageous. Trickle collectors may have the advantage of being cheap but if glazed may have a reduced performance due to the build up of algae. Evaporative heat loss from unglazed trickle collectors may substantially reduce their performance. NOTEOther forms of collector, e.g. concentrating, evacuated and tracking collectors, are not dealt with in this standard because these types are primarily used for higher temperature applications and insuf
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