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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 4727-1: Group 05: 1985 Glossary of Electrotechnical, power, telecommunication, electronics, lighting and colour terms Part 1: Terms common to power, telecommunications and electronics Group 05: Semiconductor terminology UDC 001.4:621.3 + 628.9 + 535 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun she
2、ffieldun, na, Thu Nov 30 05:57:51 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4727-1:Group 05:1985 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the General Electrotechnical Engineering Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into e
3、ffect on 30 September 1985 BSI 09-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference GEL/1 Draft for comment 77/28181 DC ISBN 0 580 14595 6 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the General E
4、lectrotechnical Engineering Standards Committee (GEL/-) to Technical Committee GEL/1, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Consulting Engineers British Broadcasting Corporation Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Electronic Engineering Association Institute o
5、f Physics Institution of Electrical Engineers Ministry of Defence Power Generation Association (BEAMA Ltd.) Radio and Electronics Technical Press Telecommunication Engineering and Manufacturing Association (TEMA) Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments Licensed Copy: sheffi
6、eldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 30 05:57:51 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4727-1:Group 05:1985 BSI 09-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii Guide to the glossaryiv 105 01Introduction to atomic physics1 105 02Properties of semiconductor materials3 105
7、03Processing semiconductor materials8 105 04Types of semiconductor devices10 105 05General terms for semiconductor devices13 105 06Specific terms for diodes15 105 07Specific terms for transistors15 105 08Specific terms for thyristors17 105 09Specific terms for Hall-effect devices and magnetoresistor
8、s18 105 10Specific terms for integrated microcircuits19 Alphabetical index21 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 30 05:57:51 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4727-1:Group 05:1985 ii BSI 09-1999 Foreword This Group of Part 1 of this British Standard Glossary, prepared und
9、er the direction of the General Electrotechnical Engineering Standards Committee, contains terms and definitions relating to semiconductors. The terms and definitions are technically identical with the corresponding terms appearing in Chapter 521, first edition, of the International Electrotechnical
10、 Vocabulary. This standard revises and supersedes BS 4727-1:Group 05:1972 which is now withdrawn. BS 4727 combines into one glossary the subjects previously covered by BS 204 “Glossary of terms used in telecommunication (including radio) and electronics”, BS 205 “Glossary of terms used in electrical
11、 engineering”, BS 233 “Glossary of terms used in illumination and photometry” and BS 1611 “Glossary of colour terms used in science and in industry”. These four glossaries have now been withdrawn. The glossary is divided into five main Parts, each of which is further subdivided into Groups. Each Gro
12、up will comprise the terms and definitions used in a particular branch of electrical engineering and will be issued individually as soon as it is completed. This arrangement makes it possible to add new Groups or revise existing Groups at any time without affecting the remainder of the glossary. The
13、 five main Parts of the glossary are as follows. Part 1: Terms common to power, telecommunications and electronics; Part 2: Terms particular to power engineering; Part 3: Terms particular to telecommunications and electronics; Part 4: Terms particular to lighting and colour; Part 5: Terms particular
14、 to electromedical equipment. Fundamental and general terms common to power, telecommunications and electronics respectively form the first two Groups of Part 1. General terms particular to Part 2 and Part 3 similarly form the first Groups of their respective Parts. The specialist Groups contain onl
15、y the terms and definitions relating to their subject. As far as has been practicable all terms and definitions established in current usage and falling within the scope of this glossary have been included. Experience has shown that it is rarely possible to replace, or even to modify, a well establi
16、shed term no matter what the logical or aesthetic shortcomings of that term may be. Current usage has therefore been accepted as the authority for terms and their meanings except where there has been a very good reason for doing otherwise, e.g. where terms have been considered to be fundamentally wr
17、ong, ambiguous, superfluous or in need of standardization. Where two or more synonymous terms are in use, those which are deprecated are omitted from the body of the text but are entered in the alphabetical index with a cross-reference to the standard term. In cases where it was felt that the time w
18、as not yet right to deprecate a synonym, preferred terms are given first and other terms are printed in less prominent type to indicate the intention to deprecate them in the course of time. Where synonyms are considered of equal value they are shown in the same type. Where terms are used with somew
19、hat different meanings in different branches of electrical engineering, appropriate definitions are given in the Groups of the glossary corresponding to these branches. Such a definition, when taken out of the context of its Group, should always be quoted with a preamble indicating its proper contex
20、t. It is to be noted that the given definition of a term represents the generally accepted meaning of that term. Under no circumstances should it be regarded as taking the place of a specification. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 30 05:57:51 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c)
21、 BSI BS 4727-1:Group 05:1985 BSI 09-1999iii The numbering system used assigns to each term a Part number (1), a Group number (05), a section number of two digits (01, 02, etc.), and then two digits to give the serial number of the term. The International Electrotechnical Vocabulary employs a slightl
22、y different numbering system and for convenience the IEV number is given in parentheses after the BS number for each term. A general view of the arrangement of the Group in the glossary can be obtained from the guide to the glossary. An alphabetical index of the terms of the Group is provided at the
23、 end to facilitate reference to particular terms. For simplicity, only the last four digits of a terms number are quoted in the index. It is recommended that the user of any Group of the glossary should consider the Group in association with the Groups covering general or fundamental terms within th
24、e Part, for Parts 2 and 3, and also together with Groups 01 and 02 of Part 1. In this glossary parentheses ( ) enclose words or phrases that are not part of the term or definition and can be omitted without affecting the meaning. Square brackets enclose words which may replace a preceding part of an
25、 expression. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This docume
26、nt comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 22 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffiel
27、dun, na, Thu Nov 30 05:57:51 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4727-1:Group 05:1985 iv BSI 09-1999 Guide to the glossary Part 1 Terms common to power, telecommunications and electronics Group 01Fundamental terminology Group 02Electrical and magnetic devices terminology Group 03Relay term
28、inology Group 04Measurement terminology Group 05 Semiconductor terminology Group 06Electronic tube terminology Group 07Magnetism terminology Group 08Piezo-electric device terminology Group 09Radio interference terminology GroupIntegrated electronic circuit terminologya Titles to any further groups w
29、ill be added in due course. Part 2 Terms particular to power engineering Group 01General power terminology Group 02Power electronics terminology Group 03Rotating machinery terminology Group 04Transformer terminology Group 05Voltage fluctuation terminology Group 06Switchgear and controlgear terminolo
30、gy (including fuse terminology) Group 07Tariffs terminology Group 08Power cable terminology Group 09Transductor terminology Group 10Industrial electroheating terminology GroupSystems operation terminologya GroupTraction terminologya Titles to any further groups will be added in due course. Part 3 Te
31、rms particular to telecommunications and electronics Group 01General telecommunication and electronics terminology Group 02Telephony terminology Group 03Telegraphy, including facsimile, terminology Group 04Broadcasting, radio and television terminology Group 05Propagation and media terminology Group
32、 06Radio location and navigation terminology Group 07Radiocommunication terminology Group 08Electro-acoustics terminologya Group 09Waveguide terminology Group 10Recording and reproduction of sound and video terminology Group 11Space radiocommunications terminology Titles to any further groups will b
33、e added in due course Part 4 Terms particular to lighting and colour Group 01Radiation and photometry terminology Group 02Vision and colour terminology Group 03Lighting technology terminology Titles to any further group will be added in due course Part 5 Terms particular to electromedical equipment
34、Group 01Radiology and radiological physics terminologya Titles to any further groups will be added in due course a Not yet published, as at September 1985. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 30 05:57:51 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4727-1:Group 05:1985 BSI 09-19991
35、105 01 (521-01) Introduction to atomic physics No.TermDefinition 105 01 01(521-01-01)non-quantized systemOf particles. A system of particles whose energies are assumed to be capable of varying in a continuous manner and in which the number of microscopic states defined by the positions and velocitie
36、s of the particles at a given instant is therefore unlimited. 105 01 02(521-01-02)quantized systemOf particles. A system of particles the energies of which can have discrete values only. 105 01 03(521-01-03)Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics The probability distribution of the macroscopic states of a non-
37、quantized system of particles, defined by the average values of the position, velocity or energy co-ordinates, in a very small, but finite, volume of the system. 105 01 04(521-01-04)Boltzmann relationThe equation stating that, apart from an additive constant, the entropy of a system of particles is
38、equal to the product of the Napierian (natural) logarithm of the probability of its macroscopic state and the Boltzmann constant. 105 01 05(521-01-05)Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity-distribution law The algebraic equation giving the number dN of particles of a non-quantized system, the components of velo
39、city of which are comprised in the intervals (u, u + du), (v, v + dv), (w, w + dw) respectively: where: Nis the total number of particles m is the mass of a particle Tis the thermodynamic temperature kis the Boltzmann constant NOTEdN/N represents the probability that a particle has its components of
40、 velocity within the intervals considered. 105 01 06(521-01-06)Bohr atomThe model of the atom based on the conception of Bohr and Sommerfeld, according to which the electrons of an atom move around the nucleus in discrete circular or elliptical orbits. NOTETo each of the degrees of freedom of the at
41、om there corresponds a series of energy states which determine the spectral series that may be emitted by the atom. 105 01 07(521-01-07)quantum numberOf an electron in a given atom. Each of the numbers characterizing the degree of freedom of an electron in a given atom: The principal quantum number
42、n the orbital quantum number l the spin quantum number s the total angular momentum quantum number j Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 30 05:57:51 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4727-1:Group 05:1985 2 BSI 09-1999 No.TermDefinition 105 01 08(521-01-08)principal quantu
43、m number; first quantum number n The positive integer number characterizing the important changes of energy level of the electrons in an atom. NOTEAccording to the Bohr atom model, the main quantum number may be considered as characterizing the size of an electron orbit. 105 01 09(521-01-09)orbital
44、quantum number; second quantum number l A quantum number which can have all whole values from zero to n 1, n designating the main quantum number. NOTEAccording to the Bohr atom model, the orbital quantum number may be considered as characterizing the angular momentum of the electron in its orbital m
45、otion round the nucleus. 105 01 10(521-01-10)spin (quantum number) s A quantum number which gives the angular momentum of the electron considered as a small charged sphere revolving around its axis. NOTEThe spin may have two values: + 1/2 or 1/2. 105 01 11(521-01-11)total angular momentum quantum nu
46、mber j The quantum number which gives the resultant of the magnetic field engendered by the electron due to its orbital movement and due to its revolving on its own axis. NOTEThe values of this number j form a set of integral and semi-integral values. 105 01 12(521-01-12)energy-levelOf a particle. T
47、he energy associated with a quantum state of a physical system. 105 01 13(521-01-13)energy-level diagramA diagram representing the energy levels of the particles of a quantized system by horizontal lines, having for ordinates the energy of these particles. 105 01 14(521-01-14)Pauli-Fermi exclusion p
48、rinciple; Pauli principle The principle stating that each energy level of a quantized system can include only none, one or two particles. NOTEIn the case of two electrons, the spins are of opposite sign. 105 01 15(521-01-15)Fermi-Dirac statistics; Fermi statistics The set of probabilities of the mac
49、roscopic states of a quantized system of particles, with only discrete energy levels, obeying the Pauli-Fermi exclusion principle. 105 01 16(521-01-16)Fermi-Dirac functionA function expressing the probability P(E), for a particle obeying Fermi statistics, that it will occupy a permitted energy level (E). where: kis the Boltzmann constant Tis the thermodynamic temperature EFis the Fermi-level and where this level is quantized and may contain 0, 1 or 2 electrons. 105 01 17(521-01-17)Fermi-levelIn a solid, the energy level separating the occupied sta
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